A Review: 3D Printing

Abstract

3D printing or additive manufacturing is a method of creating three dimensional solid matters from a digital file. The design of a 3D printed object is accomplish using additive processes it is also called as RAPID PROTOTYPING. In an additive process an object is manufactured by dozing consecution layers of material as far as the entire object is created.3D concept has the capabilities to furnish benefits for patients, pharmacists and the pharmaceutical industry alike by empower the on-demand design and production of various formulations with individualized dosages, shapes, sizes, drug release and multi-drug combinations. This article criticizing the major benefits for using 3D printing in pharmaceuticals, highlighting the crucial role that healthcare staff play, and will continue to play, in the future implementation of 3D printing into the pharmaceutical sector.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

3D printing is one of the most subversive & it is a process of discover an object using a machine that puts down the material layer by layer in three dimensions until the correct object is formed.  It permits the rapid alteration of information from digital 3D mode into a physical object. 3D printing can give a significant role in multiple active ingredient dosage forms, where the formulation can be as a single blend or multi layer printed tablets with sustained release properties powerful tool serving as technology of precise manufacturing of individually developed dosage form.

It is also called as additive manufacturing. Three dimensional printing technologies is a novel rapid prototyping technique in which solid objects are constructed by depositing several layers in sequence. 3D printing technology has high potential in individualized dosage form concept called the polyp ill concept. The term three dimensional printing was defined by ISO (International standard organization) as "fabrication of object through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. [1]

Pharmaceutical 3D printing has many applications, we can say that it brings the manufacturing process closer to the patient, benefiting many different patient groups, It allows for the personalized dosing of drugs, removing the need to self-prepare medication or take multiple pills to each the prescribed, non-commercialized dose, an issue that arises for many treatment pathways that can lead to adverse effects. Pharmaceutical 3D printing also allows for personalized polyp ills, pills with multiple drugs combinations. This would benefit complex disorders and co morbidities. [2]

II. EXAMPLES OF COMMON TYPES OF 3D PRINTERS

III. APPLICATION OF 3D PRINTING IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

The application of 3d printing in the pharmaceutical industry is are as follows-

1. Drug development – Formulation optimisation

a. Clinical trials

b. Fluid sampling

c. Preclinical Studies

2. Mass personalisation – Mass production

a. Automatic compounding

b. Veterinary medicines

Conclusion

In this review we discussed about 3d printing and their application. In this review we discuss about importance of 3d printing in pharmaceutical as well as in industry. 3D printing as a process with the potential to inexpensively improve medication safety, strength, quality, precision, uniformity, and purity compared to those produced by traditional methods Healthcare professionals, including pharmacists, doctors, and nurses, are of paramount importance in enabling the integration of this technology and will be key to advising academics, the pharmaceutical industry and biotech companies on strategies to innovate the sector using 3D printing.

References

[1] https://www.slideshare.net/PranaliPalandurkar/3-d-printing-of-pharmaceuticals-238823022 [2] https://3dprintingindustry.com/news/merck-aprecia-and-fabrx-on-transitioning-3d-printed-pharmaceuticals-from-lab-to-clinic-194285/ [3] G. Kollamaram, et al. Low temperature fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing of thermolabile drug Int J Pharm, 545 (1) (2018), pp. 144-152 [4] D. Moldenhauer, et al.3D screen printing – An innovative technology for large-scale manufacturing of pharmaceutical dosage form Int J Pharm, 592 (2021), Article 120096 [5] I. Yu, R.K. ChenA feasibility study of an extrusion-based fabrication process for personalized drugs J Pers Med, 10 (1) (2020), p. 16 [6] J.P. Real, et al.Design of novel oral ricobendazole formulation applying melting solidification printing process (MESO-PP): an innovative solvent-free alternative method for 3D printing using a simplified concept and low temperature Int J Pharm, 587 (2020), Article 119653 [7] B.C. Pereira, et al.Temporary Plasticiser’: a novel solution to fabricate 3D printed patient-centred cardiovascular ‘Polypill’ architectures Eur J Pharma Biopharm, 135 (2019), pp. 94-103 [8] Calvo-Correas, T., Cellulose as excipient for 3D printed oral solid pharmaceutical forms. phantomsfoundation.com. Accessed August 20, 2021 [9] M. Fanous, et al.Simplification of fused deposition modeling 3D-printing paradigm: feasibility of 1-step direct powder printing for immediate release dosage form production Int J Pharm, 578 (2020), Article 119124 [10] https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/research/3d-printing-of-pharmaceuticals-and-the-role-of-pharmacy

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Shahid Ali, Deepak Kumar Chaurasia, Dr. Tarkeshwar P. Shukla. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.