Achyranthes Aspera: An Analgesic Approach with Seed, Leaves and Root Extract

Abstract

Achyranthes aspera, generally known as\" Prickly Chaff Flower,\" is a medicinal factory with significant ethnopharmacological significance, deeply embedded in colorful traditional pain mending systems worldwide. The experimenters have explored its bioactive composites, which include alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids, attributing these ingredients to show analgesic exertion. In traditional systems of drugs, seeds, roots, leaves are the most important corridor which are used medicinally. The review reveals that wide figures of phytochemical ingredients have been insulated from the factory which possesses conditioning like analgesic, anticancer, antiperiodic, diuretic, purgative, laxative, antiasthmatic, hepatoprotective,anti-allergic and colorful other important medicinal parcels. The present review describe analgesic eventuality of Achyranthes Aspera.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The World Health Organization( WHO) estimates that about 80 of the population living in the developing countries relies  nearly  simply on traditional  drug for their primary health care  requirements( 1). According to the WHO  further than 80 of the world’s population relies on traditional herbal  drug for their primary health care( 2). This into account the most important analgesic prototypes( e. g salicylic acid and morphine) were firstly  deduced from the factory sources, the study of factory species traditionally used as  anodynes should still be seen as a fruitful  exploration strategy in the hunt of new analgesic andanti-inflammatory  medicines. Achyranthes asp  period Linn. Belongs to the family Amaranthaceae, is generally  set up as a weed on road side and at waste places throughout Bangladesh and Indian key( 3)  These phytochemical  composites are responsible for the  salutary and medicinal  parcels of the  shops( 4). Factory contains different types of substances like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, glycosides, alkaloids, Tannins, flavonoids etc. responsible for theirs pharmacological  exertion( 5)  It's  substantially  told  by Ayurveda, Buddha, Unani, and Homeopathy( 6).

Taxonomic classification (11) 

Kingdom – Plantae

Subkingdom - Tracheobinota

Super Division - Spermatophyta

Division - Mangoliophyta

Class - Mangoliophsida

Subclass - Caryophyllidae

Order - Caryophyllales

Family - Amaranthaceae 

Genus -  Achyranthes

Species -  Aspera

Synonyms (12)

Latin - Achyranthes aspera

Sanskrit - Aghata

Hindi - Latjira, Chirchira

Gujarati - Safad Aghedo

Tamil - Shiru-kadaladi

Telugu - Uttaraene

Malayalam - Kadaladi

Punjabi - Kutri

Unani - Chirchitaa

Ayurvedic - Apaamaarga, Chirchitaa, Shikhari, Shaikharika

Persian - Khare-vazhun

Arabian - Atkumah 

French - Achyranth a feuilles rudes, collant, gendarme 

Spanish - Mosotillo, rabo de gato, rabo de chango, rabo de raton.   

A. Botanical description

1) Macroscopic information

1. Height- 0.2-2.0 m high. The base is woody, angular or ribbed, simple or branched, nodes are bulged, often tinged with pink color.
2. Root - Cylindrical root, 0.1-1.0 cm in thickness, slightly ribbed, gradually tapering, yellowish-brown in color, secondary and tertiary branched, hairy, erect, cylindrical, solid, and hollo and dry.
3. Leaf - 5-22 cm long with 2-5 cm broad. Occur in various sizes. Type of stomata are present on the lower epidermis is anomocytics.
4. Seed -These are round at the base, sub-cylindric, truncate at the apex, endospermic, brown coloured (7).

2) Morphological description of Achyranthes aspera

1. Root- Cylindrical tap root of  thickness 0.1-1.0 cm  regularly tapering.  Rough due to presence of some root scars. Root seemed yellowish brown in colour. Thickness is about 0.3 
2. seeds - slightly  At the apex, it is subcylindrical, truncate, round at the base and endospermic.It is a stiff erect perennial herb, commonly found in waste  places of 1-3 feet with simple elliptic  
3. leaves-Dedoublement of stamens , embryology , seed dormancy imposed by covering structures , anomocytic stomata and introse type of anther in this species have been reported.

B. Analgesic  exertion

Kumar et al.,( 2009) 80 reported the hydro alcoholic excerpt of the roots and leaves of A. aspera shows centrally acting analgesic  exertion in adult  manly albino rats using tail film, hot plate and acetic acid  convinced writhing  system for peripherally acting analgesic  exertion using aspirin as standard  medicine. The boluses administered were 200 mg/ kg and 400 mg/ kg. The beast that administered with a cure of 400 mg/ kg splint excerpt has shown the maximum analgesic  exertion 66 reported that achyranthine a water answerable alkaloid had a slight antipyretic  exertion in rats. The leaves and seeds of A. aspera showed analgesic conditioning.  The methanol excerpt of leaves for analgesic conditioning by using hot plate and nectar’s  incentive  convinced  styles using aspirin as a standard  medicine studied.

The leaves and seeds of Achyranthes aspera which shows analgesic  exertion studied. Both leaves and seeds show analgesic  exertion in mice using acetic acid  convinced writhing response and hot plate  system. The hydro alcoholic excerpt of the roots and leaves of Achyranthes aspera shows centrally acting analgesic  exertion in adult  manly albino rats using tail film, hot plate and acetic acid  convinced writhing  system for peripherally acting analgesic  exertion using aspirin as standard  medicine( 7).  Achyranthes aspera is a common weed in India and is  set up throughout the tropical world. still,  further  exploration is  demanded to determine the safety and  toxin of Achyranthes aspera. Methanolic factory extractand splint and root excerpt showed analgesic  exertion. Leaves were reported to be analgesic( 8). 

Sutar N.G. et al.( 2008) reported the use of nectar's  incentive-  convinced and hot plate  styles to  prize methanol from leaves for analgesic and antipyretic  parcels, with aspirin serving as the standard  drug( 9).  Aspirin- suchlike analgesic and antipyretic  goods were demonstrated by the leaves of Achyranthesaspera at boluses of( 25 mg/ kg) for analgesic effect and( 125 mg/ kg) for antipyretic effect. Grown-ups show centrally acting analgesic effect after ingesting an alcohol- grounded excerpt of Achyranthesaspera's roots and leaves( 10).

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS

A. Collection and Preparation of Extract

The medicinal condiment of Achyranthes asp era of healthy growth were collected from the open grounds and fields of some areas of Drug, Chhattisgarh.  The factory-corridor leavesand Root were separated from the shops, washed and shade dried for a many days. The dried factory- corridor were ground into coarse greasepaint independently. The excerpt of each factory- part( splint and root) was prepared using different detergents, Methanol(59) and Chloroform independently by Soxhlet birth outfit.

B. System Of Phytochemical Screening test

Test for Steroids Each of the excerpt( 0.5 ml) was dissolved in 3 ml of Chloroform( CHCl3). This was filtered, and a lower subcaste was observed on adding a many drops of cone. Sulfuric acid(H2SO4) to the filtrate. Appearance of a ring of sanguine brown color indicated the presence of Steroids.

Test for Flavonoids To the waterless excerpt of each factory- part, 5 ml of DIL. Ammonia(NH3) was added, followed by a many drops of cone. Sulfuric acid(H2SO4). The appearance of unheroic color indicated the presence of Flavonoids, which generally faded on standing.

Test for Saponins Salivating Test) 0.5 ml of each of the excerpt was added to 5 ml of distilled water in a test- tube. Froth appeared in the result on being shaken roundly. This' Frothing test’ with the positive results indicated the presence of Saponins(4)

III. RESULT

Alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins like chemical  ingredients  set up in Achyranthes aspera  birth in different detergent and displayed different type’s  exertion. Ethanol exatrcts of root part of factory displayed the presence of tannin, proteins, saponin, flavonoids, phenols, diterpenes and Alkaloids. Chloroform excerpts contain the alkaloids, carbohydrates, phytosteroide, phenols, tannin and saponin.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Kawade Sakshi M, Kolhe Vandana P, Kardile Vaishnavi C, Nalkol Bhumi M, Nalkol Vaishnavi M, Kakade Sakshi B, Shaikh Alfiya R. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.