Air Quality Monitoring Using Arduino and Cloud Based System in IoT

Abstract

With extra interest being paid to environmental troubles in current years, air exceptional tracking is turning into extra essential. It has been viable to display air exceptional efficaciously for plenty years, however tracking has historically been each highly-priced and immobile, accordingly confined in software. To enhance city environments, air exceptional tracking needs to be widespread, ubiquitous, cheap, and unexpectedly responsive. Good, welltimed statistics is the important thing to first identifying, then tackling air pollutants troubles. This paper develops an alternative, cheap, IoT-primarily based totally air exceptional display, that could tune air pollutants in actual time, and transmit the applicable statistics unexpectedly via a low electricity huge region community. The machine can degree neighborhood region air infection and generate analyzed statistics primarily based totally on which it indicators the human beings via a buzzer tool included into the machine. The person-pleasant and clean dealing with of the machine era is such that it is able to be set up in homes and in small places.A massive community of such video display units can generate a widespread quantity of statistics, which may also then be processed and analyzed withinside the cloud in actual time, and correlated with time of day, month, year or climate and different factors.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The international ongoing initiatives to mitigate environmental troubles at gift are focusing extra at the easy power sources as a way to meet the UN SDG desires 11.7 to reduce down air infection and enhance the air exceptional to offer a secure surroundings for human habitat. The current reviews via way of means of WHO display that 7 million human beings die every yr because of air pollutants . Thus, bad air exceptional reasons many fitness dangers like coronary heart sickness and different respiration troubles. The want of the hour isn't always handiest to manipulate air pollutants however additionally materializing technologies, gadgets and software program structures to hold a near test on unexpectedly developing air pollutants. The efforts on this paper are made to expand certainly considered one among such structures via way of means of which the actual time tracking of the air exceptional may be achieved to take preventative measures to make our dwelling surroundings secure to stay a terrific life. Considering the complexities, operational difficulties, bad aid control troubles, and cost-efficiency, the proposed machine presents a person-pleasant much less complicated a far inexpensive answer that works as a preventative mechanism to generate actual-time indicators on air exceptional. Our most important contribution is to expand a cost-green air exceptional tracking machine that senses the actual-time statistics of surrounding diverse parameters like smoke, carbon monoxide, and different dangerous gases, PM ranges and indicators the human beings whilst the amount of air is going past a sure restrict and indicates the statistics in an without difficulty comprehensible layout Rest paper prepared as follows: In Section II, a literature element is provided and getting essential statistics approximately the fame an surroundings conditions

  II. LITERATURE SURVEY

 Present Work

A. Air Quality Arduino Based Monitoring System

Abdullah J. Alabdullah, Badr I. Farhat, Slim Chtourou King Faisal University, College of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Air exceptional is a completely essential fitness factor. However, there are conditions in which human beings are uncovered to toxic air that has a excessive attention of Volatile Organic compounds (VOC), in particular indoor environments along with automobile cabins and offices. It is essential for a higher fitness to respire easy air that has low concentrations of VOC. This paper gives a layout for a machine that goals to inform the citizens of VOC’s attention stage in each indoor and out of doors environments. The machine is Arduino-primarily based totally, it's going to display and locate overall risky natural compounds (TVOC) after which tell the person through wi-fi communique machine of its ranges to take actions.

B. Smart City Battery Operated IoT Based Indoor Air Quality Monitoring System

Siavash Esfahani* , Piers Rollins* , Jan Peter Specht* , Marina Cole* , Julian W. Gardner* * School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK  Indoor and out of doors air pollutants is thought to reason many fitness troubles. In order to enhance air exceptional it's far vital to display applicable parameters and discover reassets of pollutants.

This paper gives the layout and improvement of a low-cost, transportable Internet of Things (IoT) Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) tracking machine with 30 hours of battery life.

The unit is meant for the tracking of overall VOCs, CO2, PM2.five, PM10, temperature, humidity and illuminance. The machine may be used for each actual-time measurements in addition to hourly and every day averaging, in low electricity modes, and interfaces with a custom Blynk phone app, advanced for clean person engagement.

The tool calculates a qualitative air exceptional index from measurements taken in-situ, primarily based totally on United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards.

Environmental statistics is utilized by the machine to offer recommendations, along with growing air flow or decreasing hobby ranges, that could assist customers enhance their air exceptional. This machine may be used as a node to display air exceptional in massive scale networks for Smart Cities.

C. IoT Personal Air Quality Monitor

 Sean Mc Grath , Colin Flanagan , Liaoyuan Zeng , Conor O’Leary. With extra interest being paid to environmental troubles in current years, air exceptional tracking is turning into extra essential. It has been viable to display air exceptional efficaciously for plenty years, however tracking has historically been each highly-priced and immobile, accordingly confined in software. To enhance city environments, air exceptional tracking needs to be widespread, ubiquitous, cheap, and unexpectedly responsive. Good, well timed statistics is the important thing to first identifying, then tackling air pollutants troubles. This paper develops an alternative, cheap, IoT-primarily based totally air exceptional display, that could tune air pollutants in actual time, and transmit the applicable statistics unexpectedly via a low electricity huge region community.

A massive community of such video display units can generate a widespread quantity of statistics, which may also then be processed and analyzed withinside the cloud in actual time, and correlated with time of day, month, yr or climate and different factors.

D. Air Quality Sensing and Reporting System Using IoT

Rohan Kumar Jha The machine provided on this paper is a sophisticated actual time air exceptional reporting machine supported with Internet Of things (IOT) architecture. Degrading air exceptional has been a rely of subject in recent times and actual time tracking of air exceptional allows us to hold a test on it.Air Quality Index(AQ I) is the size to degree how polluted the air is. Greater AQI suggests extra risky air is for human fitness.

The version provided right here makes use of a mixture of the Arduino UNO software program and hardware along side a Gas sensors - MQ135, MQ7 and dirt sensor GP2Y1010AU0F which assist in detecting gases like NO2, CO and PM2.five at the same time as measuring their quantity decently. Further, this studies paintings display the Air Quality over an IOT analytics platform - ThingSpeak the usage of net related with the hardware through the Wi-Fi module ESP8266. It also can combine the actual time statistics into our cellular telecellsmartphone app that's mainly created for this reason the usage of Android Studio. The circuit eventually shows the PPM values in addition to Air Quality stage of gases on an Android software which fetches statistics from ThingS peak. The contemporary version is applied efficaciously and may be deployed for actual machine implementations.Result & Discussion.

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

The version is designed the usage of the IoT era. It is inexpensive, IoT primarily based totally Air exceptional tracking machine which senses the actual-time surrounding statistics with the assist of 3 sensors those are MQ9 gas sensor that's used for sensing carbon monoxide, MQ 135 sensor that's used for sensing smoke and DHT 11 sensor for sensing temperature and humidity,giving readings to Node MCU as a processing unit and sends this detected statistics to the net. Thing Speak, an open cloud platform, is used to analyze satistics and retrieve it via hypertext switch protocol (HTTP) over the Internet. With the assist of the Thing Speak platform, the sensed statistics may be plotted in graphical shape and may be visible at the OLED display. Figure 1 indicates the block diagram of sensors used on this proposed machine

This phase includes software program and hardware gadgets wished for the experimental setup of the proposed studies paper.

A. Hardware Requirements

1. Arduino uno board
2. Connecting Wires
3.  MQ9 sensors
4. MQ135 sensor
5. Temperate and Humidity Sensor(DHT11 Sensor)
6. LCD screen
7. Buzzer
8. Wi-Fi Module(ESP8266)

B. Software Requirements

1. Arduino Ide 1.08.19
2. ThingSpeak Cloud Based Platform

IV. WORKING PRINCIPLE

Proposed Air Pollution Monitoring System is primarily based totally at the block diagram as proven in Fig.1. The statistics of air is identified via way of means of MQ135 smoke sensor and MQ9 gas sensor. The MQ135 sensor can feel NH3, NO2, alcohol, Benzene, smoke, CO2 etc. So it's far dynamic gas sensor for our Air pollutants Monitoring machine. When it will likely be related to Arduino then it's going to feel all gases, and it's going to supply the Pollution stage in PPM(components in step with million). MQ135 smoke sensor will supply the output in shape of voltage ranges and we should convert it into PPM. So for changing the output in PPM, we've got used a library for MQ135 sensor and MQ9 sensor.

MQ9 and MQ135 sensors could be detecting dangerous gases in surroundings , All the sensors could be related to the Arduino uno board and could be detecting dangerous gases and could be giving non-stop outputs withinside the Arduino ide terminal at actual time and statistics might be uploaded to the cloud server at actual time on thingSpeak cloud server the usage of the Esp8266 Wi-Fi module , if the MQ135 sensor exceeds the restrict of 500 ppm the buzzer could get activated and as a result alarm could receive of exceeding dangerous gases withinside the surroundings .

It need to now no longer exceed one thousand PPM. When it's going to exceed the restrict of one thousand PPM, it's going to reason Headaches, sleepiness and stagnant stuffy air. If it exceeds past 2000 PPM then it's going to reason accelerated coronary heart price and plenty of distinct diseases. When the level is much less than 500 for  MQ135 sensor there could be no buzzer activated and statistics could be uploaded with out a caution , Safety price for a MQ135 is from zero to 500 , Exceeding this price could generate caution . The sensor which could be in use might be MQ9 just like MQ135 exceeding the edge could generate a caution message with a buzzer . If the sensor exceeds the price 0f 230 ppm the buzzer could spark off and could conscious human beings approximately growing quantity of dangerous gases withinside the surroundings .

 The temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11) could be giving stay readings and the facts could be up to date on thingSpeak cloud server the usage of the Esp8266 Wi-Fi module , further the outcomes could additionally be displayed at the Arduino Terminal and at the LED display screen which could be connected to the Arduino Uno board .

V. FUTURE SCOPE

In the future work, we can modify the system to notify a user about the air quality when it reaches beyond a permissible level through SMS or App. Notification. Furthermore, the sensors in the system can be calibrated more so that we can get more accurate and get data for more harmful gases such as ammonia, oxides of nitrogen, etc. And to make out project more user friendly and more usable on other sectors and smart homes as pollution is increasing day by day.

Conclusion

We have proposed a cost-efficient air quality monitoring system that senses the real-time data of surrounding various parameters like smoke, carbon monoxide.The system to monitor the air of environment using Arduino microcontroller, IOT Technology is proposed to improve quality of air. With the use of IOT technology enhances the process of monitoring various aspects of environment such as air quality monitoring issue proposed in this paper. Here, using the MQ135 and MQ9 gas sensor gives the sense of different type of dangerous gas and arduino is the heart of this project. Which control the entire process. Wi-Fi module connects the whole process to internet and LCD is used for the visual Output.

References

[1] Smart City Battery Operated IoT Based Indoor Air Quality Monitoring SystemSiavash Esfahani*, Piers Rollins*, Jan Peter Specht*, Marina Cole*, Julian W. Gardner**School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK [2] IoT Personal Air Quality MonitorSean Mc GrathDepartment of Electronic & Computer EngineeringUniversity of LimerickLimerick, Ireland sean.mcgrath@ul.ieColin FlanaganDepartment of Electronic & Computer EngineeringUniversity of LimerickLimerick, Ireland.colin.flanagan@ul.ieConor O’LearyDepartment of Electronic & Computer EngineeringUniversity of LimerickLimerick, Ireland.16161335@ul.ieLiaoyuan ZengUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu. [3] Air Quality Arduino Based Monitoring SystemAbdullah J. Alabdullah, Badr I. Farhat, Slim Chtourou King Faisal University, College of Engineering, Electrical Engineering (214014181@student.kfu.edu.sa, 217044896@student.kfu.edu.sa, slim.chtourou@ieee.org [4] Air Quality Sensing and Reporting System Using IoT Rohan Kumar Jha [5] IOT Based Air Pollution Monitoring System Harsh N. Shah 1 , Zishan Khan 2 , Abbas Ali Merchant 3 , Moin Moghal 4 , Aamir Shaikh 5 , Priti Rane 6 1, 2, 3, 4,5Student, Diploma in Computer Engineering, BGIT, Mumbai Central, India 6Assistant Professor, BGIT, Mumbai Central, India [6] Design and Analysis of IoT based Air Quality Monitoring System Ajitesh Kumar CEA Deaprtment GLA University Mathura, India ajitesh.kumar@gla.ac.in Mona Kumari CEA Deaprtment GLA University Mathura, India mona.kumari@gla.ac.in Harsh Gupta CEA Deaprtment GLA University Mathura, India harsh.gupta_cs16@gla.ac.in

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Bhagyesh S. Rathi, Atharv N. Sakhare, Siddhesh B. Indore, Shraddha D. Suryawanshi, Prof. Swamiraj S. Jadhav. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.