Planning, Analysis and Design of Advanced Township at Thodupuzha in Kerala

Abstract

Due to the rise in population and increase in urbanisation levels in our country, most of the settlements are in urban areas. As the cities that already existing are heavily populated along with a great deal of limitations in the infrastructure, emergence of an advanced township away from the vicinity of these overpopulated urban areas offer safer and better accommodation for the people. The planning and layout of the project is shown using autoCAD and for the structural analysis we use STADD Pro V.18i. Demographic analysis is done among specific clientele. Development of roof top rainwater harvesting(sump)has been carried out in order to provide source of water for the whole population of the township. Use of intze tank which is a circular overhead tank to meet the daily water requirement of the population inside the township.For the proper disposal and processing of the waste generated, almost 30 acres of land is being used to hold the per capita waste generated which managed after calculating factors like total waste generated, estimated landfill, total area required for land etc. The salient features a major advantages of this township is discussed in detail.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Objective

1. To plan an advanced micro township.
2. To do demographic analysis for micro township project among specific clientele.
3. To do planning, analysis and design for over head water tank , design of rainwater harvesting sump and layout for the micro township , potential study of rainwater harvesting and Municipal Solid Waste Management.

B. Necessity

1. Township gives the potential shift towards maximum use of the land.
2. Using methods of construction that gives long project life to the structures and components.
3. Utilising every matter produced inside the township project into itself with zero to negligible throw away waste.
4. Compact planning of Infrastructure.

C. Scope

1. AutoCAD Layout of the advanced micro township project.
2. To analyse the structural behaviour of the Over head water tank.
3. To design the over head tank, Centralised Solid Waste Management, Rain Water Harvesting Potential Study , Solar Potential Study and design of  rainwater harvesting sump.

II. GENERAL

A. At a time when the world is looking towards building a community in Mars, we thought about creating a super sustainable micro township back on Earth.

B. We chose a natural resource rich site with proposal to build a total standalone township which can survive without the constant supply from the outside world.

C. The location of the project area is at 76°44'50.1"E latitude and 9°51'26.5"N longitude.

D. The ground slope is towards South and South-West directions of the project area. We expect to take advantage of maximum wind energy and natural lighting for the project.

E. Average altitude of project area is 40 m above the mean sea level.

F. Average Rainfall per year is about 3713mm, and the site area is abundantly rich with fresh water as its in banks of Periyar River and water from Idukki reservoir flows thought centre of the project area.

G. The area consists of Lateritic soil, Brown hydromorphic soil and Alluvial soil.

H. In summer, the maximum temperature is 28°C whereas the minimum temperature is 20°C and in winter, the maximum temperature is 24°C whereas the minimum temperature is 16°C.

III. LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Solar energy: Potential and future prospects.

The improvement of novel sun based power headways is seen as one of many key plans toward fulfilling a by and large extending interest for energy. Fast improvement inside the field of sun arranged progressions is notwithstanding standing up to various specific limits, for instance, low sun based cell efficiencies. The advantages and awful signs of daylight based energy propels are both inspected in this article. Different specific issues affecting feasible force research are moreover highlighted.

B. A Review Paper on Electricity Generation from Solar Energy.

Sun arranged Energy is made by the Daylight is a non-vanishing economical wellspring of energy which is freed from eco-friendly. Reliably light energy shows up at the earth to fulfil the world's energy need for a whole year. This Sun oriented Energy is made by as per applications like mechanical, business, and private.

C. Study on potential uses of rainwater harvesting in urban areas.

Water gathering is the grouping of water volume from raindrops. Water harvesting has been the essential wellspring of water supply for consumable and non-consumable businesses. Water supply systems have improved anyway the interest is extending a result of the general population improvement, and progression.

D. The Potential of Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting as a Water Resource in Jordan: Featuring Two Application Case Studies.

Housetop top water harvesting (RWH) research targets evaluating the capacity of roof top deluge water gathering as a resource in Jordan. Two context oriented examinations at Al-Jubiha and Shafa-Badran zones in Amman city were picked. All current roofs in the two districts were perceived by digitising 2012 satellite photos of the two area.

E. From satellite townships to smart townships: evolution of township development in Pune, India.

This paper discusses the ascent of district headway around there and its connecting areas by playing out an examination of existing regions as cases. The paper finds that the district progression of Pune has been genuinely formative: from satellite regions to 'fused regions' and splendid regions. The striking features and critical advantages of these districts are discussed thoroughly.

F. Participatory Urban Development in India : A tale of Two Townships.

This paper hopes to offer an essential understanding of occupant responsibility during the time spent city advancing using two guard concentrates inside the Indian setting, to be explicit, Magarpatta City in Maharashtra and Auroville in Tamil Nadu. As a fundamental prologue to the issue, it attracts with contemporary discussions on the expansion and nature of public interest in metropolitan progression inside the arrangement of a neoliberal economy. This is followed by an emotional assessment subject to unstructured gatherings, which get the live experiences of the local landowners and tenants around there.

G. A parametric study to analyze the severity of hydrodunamic pressure for intze tank.

In the current examination, attempts are made to understand the lead of intze tank maintained on round shaft, when it is presented to hydrodynamic squeezing factor. Diverse parametric assessments have been finished to ponder the reality of hydro- dynamic squeezing factor by fluctuating as far as possible. It is seen that hydrodynamic pressure isn't fundamental if of intze tank.

H. Interaction analysis of Intze tank fluid layered soil system.

Genuinely, the development is maintained by deformable soil layers which twists unevenly under the action of weights. This causes modification of forces in the pieces of overhead water tank. 3-D participation examination of intze type water tank-fluid layered soil structure is finished using ANSYS programming.

I. Harvested Rainwater Treatment Rainwater harvesting and primary treatment for non-portable use.

Two examination corridor roofs were set up to get water in a common school in India. A water sump was attempted to hold and store 58,000 L of water. Sodium hypochlorite (4% strength) was used for the disinfection association. The fact of the matter was to keep up chlorine development at the WHO level (0.2-0.5 mg/l)

J. Rainwater Management in Urban Areas.

The Exceptional Issue includes nine articles and a study and spotlights on stormwater overflow sum and quality. frameworks and strategies to mitigate the unfriendly outcomes of such natural change impacts utilizing compressed water. Testing procedure and shows for SQIDs are moreover considered. One paper examinations the blocking of porous media in the usage of stormwater for regulated spring re-empower

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. Planning

1. Data Collected

a. Rainfall Report

The figure shows the block-wise groundwater Kerala with all the districts.

The groundwater of Idukki district is displayed with respect to the each TALUK , the irrigation and the domestic and industrial draft.

2. Groundwater Thodupuzha

Table 4 : Groundwater Thodupuzha

The groundwater of Thodupuzha is given as 2065.264 mm and  the net groundwater level is said to be 1859.062 mm . The area is SAFE for water for human consumption.

3. Air Pollution

4. Demographic Analysis

TABLE 5: Demographic Analysis

Demographic analysis is carried with the client base specification and according to this data building layout is made in AutoCAD 2021.

5. Building Layout

TABLE 6: Building Layout.

Using the demographic analysis the required infrastructure for the population is designed in the layout and shown with the total area of the specific type of building , its roof size, plinth area are derived in the building layout

6.  AutoCAD

Whole layout to the 1000 acre large township project. Looking like an eye its centred around a lake which takes in excess rainwater and act as a freshwater source for the project area. The region around it marked "x" would be used for organic farming. Filled with trees the township side have a green cover of more than 50% of total area in use. Being an advanced township concept, this helps in replenishing the oxygen level inside the project site. The layout is designed as such the commercial region is near to the main entrance in left hand side while the right hand side have the residential area keeping both virtually aside to reduce unnecessary traffic in-turn reducing carbon footprint..

There are 24 single villas in this whole project site. With 12000 square feet of plint area, they're the most posh residential offerings inside the township. These single floor homes are build with extra spacious rooms. The buildings are surrounded with trees, submerging them with nature.

The commercial building is designed to give maximum open sides to reduce usage of artificial lighting in maximum possible ways. Filled with hundred of shop stands for the mall part and thousands of office cabins this building would be the largest single structure inside the township. The corridors are designed giving in mind for emergency evacuation. With green tree filled artificial forest on three sides and lake on the fourth this site is build to utilise light and wind at maximum possible ways. This building will also house the largest solar roof plant in the whole township with highest surface area.

The G+9 residential complexes are the only tower dwelling units in the township. With fours individual houses in each floor and an extra spacious lift with opening to the lake these buildings too are surrounded with tress making them more green than any high rise.

The twin villas are around the lake, with extra spacious surroundings. They are build with open studio apartment design in mind giving a no wall home concept. With 6500Sq. Ft. size for each house, combined a twin villa makes 13000Sq. Ft. of space. There are 18 such buildings inside the township.

The municipal Solid waste plant is an integral part of the township as this is the place where all the waste generated is being treated. The proposed area for the plant is around 30 acres and the total area required for landfill and the processing site 5318.5 sq. meters.The power station is used to produce enough power for the residents of the entire township.It is constructed at a safe distance from the residential area.

The school shown here is primarily for the children residing in the township.The use of a school in the township is that it makes sure that there is a school nearby for children and parents spend less time to  drop and pick up their wards from the school. A school which is close make sure less commute time and thus more time for productivity.A play ground is constructed next to the school for the children to spend their leisure hour.

7. Solar Roof Potential

`a. Roof area used for solar panels is 1464400 sqft which is 63.25% of the total roof area available.

b. For 20.06 Sq.ft of solar panels, it is said to produce 425W of electricty each hour

c. At our selected site we get 7.8 sun hours avg each day, so 5 bright sun hour is possible in our area.

d. With the area we have for our Solar panels we can produce 365086  KW of electricity each day.

e. Sun Solar panels used with 22.3% sunlight to energy conversion.

8. Roof Rainwater Potential

TABLE 8: Roof Rainwater Potential.

a. Total roof area available is 1877300 Sq.ft, with this roof area we get 1.2 x 107 Galons.

b. With respect to this value underwater sump is deigned 10020litres under each  house.

9.  Municipal Solid Waste Management

Table 9: Municipal Solid Waste Management.

Total population is 12060 so the estimated landfill for one day is calculated as 6000 kg/day.

a. The landfill height suggested is 2m.

b. Total landfill with an increase of 4% every year in next 20 years is 4624.78m2 and the processing site is of the area of 15% of the area 693.72 m2 , total area required for the Municipal Solid Waste Management is 5318.5m2.

B. Design

1. Design Of Intze Water Tank

FIG 30: INTZE WATER TANK.

a. Height of the tank is 12m, height of top and bottom dome is 2m each.

b. Width of the tank is 12 m.

c. Distance between the brace is 4m.

d. Total length of the footing is 11m, length of each footing is 3m.

e. Diameter of the columns are 650mm.

f. Size of circular grinder for raft is 750 * 1000mm.

g. M30 Grade Concrete and Fe415 steel.

h. Supports – Fixed.

2. Design Of Rainwater Sump

3. Reinforcement Details Underwater Sump

C. Analysis

Using the STAAD PRO V8i the Intze tank is a ANALYSED. The reults obtained are Bending moment, Shear force and the principal stress is obtained.

The following are the pictorial representation of the reults

The FIG above shows the RENDERED VIEW and WIRED VIEW.

The Maximum Bending Moment for Column is 18.837 kN.

The Maximum Axial force in the column is observed is 1074 kN and there will be no Axial Force will be observed  in Beam or in the  Dome.

The Maximum BM is 128 kNm in Beam , 38.76 kNm in Column , 12 kNm in top ring beam , in bottom ring beam 16 kNm and in Tie Beam is 78 kNm are observed.

The Maximum Shear force in beam is 43 kN, Top Ring Beam it is 17.3 kNm, Bottom Ring Beam is 58.5 kNm and Tie Beam is 36.85 kN are observed.

The Maximum Principal Stress in Top Dome is 2.73 N/mm2, Bottom Dome is 1.04 N/mm2, Side wall is 2.08 N/mm2 and Conical Dome is 2.66 N/mm2.

The observed values are clearly given in the following table and the values are observed using STAAD PRO V8i.

TABLE 10: ANALYSIS OF INTZE WATER TANK FROM STAAD PRO V8i

Conclusion

A. Using demographic analysis we found out the population potential of the township. B. Using the results from demographic analysis we designed our layout for the township. C. With the layout of the township the roof area used for is derived as 1464400 Sq.ft. with the derived roof area for solar panels the avg output calculated is 365086 KW per day.We have an approximate usage of 337680KW per day in township, the remaining will be sent to the national grid. D. With available roof area from the design layout we have roof area of 2306300 Sq.ft. for rainwater harvesting, it is assumed that 1.2*107 gallons of rainwater is collected with an annual rainfall of 146inches. E. With the calculated rainwater harvesting we designed the underwater sump for each house with a capacity of 10020litres. F. Using demographic analysis we calculated the quantity of water required for the township which is 1628100 litres, with this results we designed an INTZE water tank with a capacity of 1000000 litres and concluded to give 4 of such water tanks in different parts of the township. G. The Maximum Axial force in the column is observed is 1074 kN and there will be no Axial Force will be observed in Beam or in the Dome. H. The Maximum BM is 128 kNm in Beam , 38.76 kNm in Column , 12 kNm in top ring beam , in bottom ring beam 16 kNm and in Tie Beam is 78 kNm are observed. I. The Maximum Shear force in beam is 43 kN, Top Ring Beam it is 17.3 kNm, Bottom Ring Beam is 58.5 kNm and Tie Beam is 36.85 kN are observed. J. The Maximum Principal Stress in Top Dome is 2.73 N/mm2, Bottom Dome is 1.04 N/mm2, Side wall is 2.08 N/mm2 and Conical Dome is 2.66 N/mm2. K. The observed values are clearly given in the following table and the values are observed using STAAD PRO V8i. L. With the estimated population the Municipal solid Waste is calculated as 5318.5 m2 which consist of land and the processing site.

References

[1] Divyansh Tewari, Senthil K (2021), Stability of Elevated Retaining Structures under Seismic Loading, International Conference on Futuristic Technologies. [2] Siavash Papi (2020), Static Analysis of Elevated Composite Water Tank, Innovative Technologies in Science Engineering and Technology. [3] Minakshi Mishra, Shanthi Sri K, Pragnya Das (2020), Static and Dynamic Analysis of Multistoried Structure by STAAD.Pro, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, Vol. No. 29, Issue No. 3. [4] Ajmal Tokhi, Sahil Arora (2019), Seismic Analysis and Comparison of Overhead Intze Water Tank, Circular Water Tank and Rectangular Water Tank and Response Spectrum Analysis, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), Vol. No. 10, Issue No. 03. [5] Sunitha Ahuja, Sourabh Dashore (2019), Implementation of Water Tank Design using STAAD.Pro Software, International Journal of Scientific Research & Engineering Trends, Vol. No. 5, Issue No. 6. [6] Eugene Victor A, Yokesh S, Preethi K (2018) , A Comparative Analysis on Absolute and SRSS Methods of Response Spectrum using STAAD.PRO, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Vol. No. 7, Issue No. 12. [7] Kulvendra Patel(2018), Wind and Seismic Analysis of Elevated Tank using STAAD.Pro, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Vol. No. 05, Issue No. 10. [8] Nithin Tiwari, Rashmi Sakalle, Adithya Kant Shrivastava, Nausheen Akhtar, Piyush Moorjani, Siddharth Shandilya (2018), Static Linear and Non Linear Performance Analysis of Existing G+3 RC Frame Structure, Indian Journal of Technical Research and Science, Vol. No. 3, Issue No. 5. [9] Manoj Nallanathel, Ramesh B, Jagadessh L (2018), Effective Utilization of STAAD.Pro in the Design and Analysis of Water Tank, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. No. 119. [10] Krishna Raju N, Pranesh R N (2018), Reinforced Concrete Design, Sixth Edition, and New Age International Publishers. [11] Ullikrishnan Pillai S, Devadas Menon (2017), Reinforced Concrete Design, Third Edition, MC Graw Hill Education. [12] Mohammed Azgari, Ramya Smruthi N (2017), Design of Circular Water Tank by using STAAD.Pro Software, International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology, Vol. No. 06, Issue No.29. [13] Rajkumar, Shivaraj Mangalgi (2017), Response Spectrum Analysis of Elevated Circular and Intze Water Tank, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. No. 04, Issue No. 10. [14] Raji Ruth George, Asha Joseph (2016), Dynamic Analysis of Elevated Cement Concrete Water Tank, International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, Vol. No. 3, Issue No. 03. [15] Samwail Siddiqui, Birendra Kr Singh, Parmanand Thakur (2016), Performance Seismic Analysis on RCC Framed Elevated Circular Tanks with Flat and Domical Bases, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. No. 9, Issue No. 10. [16] Anirudh Gottala, Kintali Sai Nanda Kishore, Shaik Yajdhani (2015), Comparative Study of Static and Dynamic Seismic Analysis of a Multistoried Building, International Journal of Science and Technology & Engineering, Vol. No. 2, Issue No.1. [17] Nitesh J Singh, Mohammad Ishtiyaque (2015), Design Analysis & Comparison of Intze Type Water Tank for Different Wind Speed and Seismic Zones as per Indian Codes, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol. No. 04, Issue No.09. [18] Rupachandra J Aware, Vageesha S Mathada (2015), Seismic Performance of Circular Elevated Water Tank, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Vol. No. 4, Issue No. 12. [19] Mohit Sharma, Savita Maru (2014), Dynamic Analysis of Multistoried Regular Building, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol. No. 11, Issue No.1. [20] Srinivasu A, Panduranga Rao B (2013), Non Linear Static Analysis of Multi Storied Building, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), Vol. No. 4, Issue No. 10. [21] IS 456:2000, Plain and reinforced concrete code of practice (Fourth revision). [22] IS 875:1987 (Part 1),Code of practice for design loads (Dead load) [23] IS 875:1987 (Part 2), Code of practice for design loads (Imposed load) [24] IS 875:1987 (Part 3), Code of practice for design loads (Wind load) [25] SP 16 :1978 , Design Aids for reinforced concrete to IS 456:2000 [26] IS 1893:2016 (Part 1),Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures (General Provisions and Buildings) [27] IS 1893:2014 (Part 2),Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures (Liquid Retaining Tanks) [28] IS 3370:2009 (Part 1),Concrete Structures for Storage of Liquids-Code of Practice(General Requirements) [29] IS 3370:2009 (Part 2),Concrete Structures for Storage of Liquids-Code of Practice (Reinforced Concrete Structures) [30] IS 3370:1967 (Part 4), Code of Practice for Concrete Structures for the Storage of Liquids (Design Tables) [31] IS 11682 :1985 ,Criteria for Design of RCC Staging for Overhead Water Tanks. [32] Water Supply Manual, Manual on Water Supply And Treatment by Ministry of Urban Development , New Delhi , May 1999.

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Crisbin Joseph Mathew, Nithin K. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.