Analysis of a Grid-Tie Solar Power System for Efficient Transition between Grid-Connected Modes

Abstract

: Solar Photo Voltaic (PV)-battery energy storage based micro-grid with a multifunctional Voltage Source Converter (VSC) is presented in this research paper. Whenever the grid fails, this system operates in SA mode automatically, thereby without causing any interruption in supplying the load. Similarly, it automatically shifts to the GC mode, when the grid is restored. The VSC functions in current control for GC mode, and it operates in voltage control for SA mode of operation. This system is capable of extracting the maximum power from the solar PV array irrespective it is operating in the GC mode or SA mode. It regulates the dc-link voltage to the maximum power point voltage of the PV array. If the absence of the battery is detected, then the control is automatically shifted to VSC for performing the extraction of the maximum power of the PV array.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Depletion of conventional energy sources and environmental impacts, the role of renewable sources for energy generation has become a prior choice nowadays. Due to the ease of availability, environment friendly nature, and the reducing trends in the cost of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, solar-based energy generation has become popular as compared to other energy sources [1]. The main drawback of solar energy is its intermittent nature. So the PV array alone is not possible to meet the load demand at every time. This causes poor reliability of the system. This problem is overcome by using battery energy storage (BES) along with PV array [2].

There are several configurations, which are available for integrating the PV array and BES into the utility grid. A single stage grid interfaced solar PV-BES system is reported in the literature with maximum power extracting capability [3].A grid integrated PV-BES system involving two stage conversion is also reported in the literature [4], where the extraction of maximum power from the PV array is achieved by using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control, which generates duty cycle for the dc–dc converter. This article presents PV-BES-based microgrid system with the main features of maximum power extraction from the PV array, balancing of grid currents, unity power factor (UPF) operation at grid side, harmonics elimination, SA mode of operation and seamless transition from the GC mode to SA mode and vice versa.

In existing method instantaneous reactive power theory, synchronous reference frame theory, instantaneous symmetrical component theory, Least Mean Square (LMS), hyperbolic tangent function, digital disturbance estimator are used for power quality improvement. In proposed system Leaky Least Mean Mixed Norm (LLMMN) adaptive control is used for controlling the VSC in the Grid Connected (GC) mode of operation.

A leakage-based variant of the Least Mean Mixed Norm (LMMN) algorithm and the leaky Least Mean Mixed Norm (LLMMN) [15] algorithm will help mitigate the weight drift problem experienced in the conventional Least Mean Square (LMS) and Least Mean Fourth (LMF) algorithms. In the case of LMMN, the parameter drift causes the adaptive filter weights to blow up while in the case of the leaky LMMN, the adaptive filter weights are bounded.

II. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

The PV-BES based microgrid [20] is depicted in Fig. 1. It includes a PV array a BES, a BDDC, a three-leg VSC, three-phase grid, and nonlinear loads. The grid outage and grid restoration, are realized by using a solid-state switch at the grid side. Ripple filters are used at the grid side and the load side, to remove the ripples in voltages. ABDDC is used for controlling the charging and discharging of the BES. A DSP (d-SPACE 1006 real-time controller) is used for generating the switching signals to the VSC. 

Conclusion

The operation of the microgrid in different modes is investigated in this work, which proves the multifunctional capability of the system. It is observed that system operates in both GC mode and SA mode without causing any interruptions in load supply and also performed the seamless transition capability from GC mode to SA mode and vice versa. A BDDC performs the extraction of maximum power from the solar PV array when the BES is active in system performance. Whenever the BES becomes inactive, then the MPPT control is automatically shifted to VSC control, thereby the PV array is operated at its MPP in all operating conditions. The comparative analysis depicts that the proposed LLMMN control gives better performance than the conventional LMMN and LMS controls. It shows that the oscillation in weight with the LLMMN control is much lesser than the conventional least mean mixed norm and LMS control algorithms.

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Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Mamta ., Dr. M. K. Bhaskar, Manish Parihar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.