Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

A multidisciplinary discipline called artificial intelligence (A.I.) aims to automate jobs that currently need human intelligence. Artificial intelligence (AI), while not being well known, is a technology that is revolutionising all facets of existence. In order to rethink how we mix data, analyse it, and make decisions, this article attempts to inform laypeople about AI and urge them to use it as a tool in various fields. In this post, we briefly discussed artificial intelligence (AI), its principles, and potential applications.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

At its simplest form,Artificial intelligence (AI) is using computers to do tasks that usually need human intelligence. Large amounts of data can be processed by AI in ways that humans cannot. AI's ultimate objective is to mimic human abilities such as pattern recognition, judgement, and decision-making.AI systems often consume large amounts of labeled training data, which then examine the data for correlations and patterns before using those patterns to predict future states.By studying millions of instances, an image recognition tool may learn to recognise and describe things in photographs, much as a chatbot that is given examples of text can learn to produce lifelike exchanges with humans. Text, pictures, music, and other media may all be produced realistically using generative AI techniques.

The cognitive skills in AI programming include the following:

1. Learning: This aspect of AI programming is about gathering data and developing the necessary rules to transform it into useful information. Instructions, also called algorithms, give detailed instructions to computer equipment to perform a specific task.
2. Reasoning: This area of AI programming is concerned with selecting the best algorithm to achieve a desired result.
3. Creativity: This branch of artificial intelligence creates new images, texts, songs and ideas using neural networks, rule-based systems, statistical approaches and other artificial intelligence techniques.
4. Self-correction: This plays significant role in AI, it helps to is to improve algorithms and give accurate outcomes.

A. Importance of Artificial Intelligence

The potential for AI to transform the way we live, work and play makes this important. Automation of human tasks, including customer service, lead generation, fraud detection and quality control, has been successfully implemented in business. Artificial intelligence can do many things significantly more efficiently than a human. AI technologies are often fast and rarely error-free, especially when it comes to repetitive, detail-oriented tasks, such as analyzing large legal documents to ensure key fields are filled out correctly.

Artificial intelligence can provide businesses with actionable insights. is unknown because it can analyze huge data sets. Product design, marketing and education benefit from the rapidly growing community of generative AI technologies. Alphabet, Apple, Microsoft and Meta are just some of the biggest and richest companies today. These businesses use AI technology for improving their operations and outperform competitors. For example, AI is at the heart of Alphabet subsidiary Google's search engine, Waymo's autonomous vehicles, and Google Brain, which has developed a transformative neural network design that supports recent advances in natural language processing.

B. Merits of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

1. Increases productivity and reduces labor costs.
2. Consistently produces results.
3. Improves client satisfaction by personalising the experience.

C. Demerits of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

1. Strong technical competence is necessary.
2. Reduces employment and raises unemployment rates.
3. Limited availability of skilled personnel to create AI technologies.
4. More expensive

D. Types of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

1. Type 1: Reactive machines: These AI systems are task-specific and having lack of memory. An example is IBM's Deep Blue chess program, which defeated Garry Kasparov in the 1990s. Deep Blue can recognize chess pieces and make predictions, but since he has no memory, he cannot rely on learning from the past to predict the future.
2. Type 2:Limited memory: These AI systems contain memories that allow them to refer to the past to guide their current actions.This is how some of the decision-making processes of self-driving automobiles are constructed.
3. Type 3: Theory of mind: It implies that AI would be socially aware enough to understand emotions when applied to technology. This type of artificial intelligence will be able to predict behaviour and infer human intentions, which is a necessary skill for AI systems to function as crucial members of human teams.
4. Type 4: In this category, AI programs are conscious because they have a sense of who they are. There is currently no such AI.

E. Examples of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

1. Automation: Automation tools can increase the number and variety of jobs carried out when paired with AI technology. RPA (Robotic Process Automation), a form of software that automates repetitive, rule-based data processing operations often carried out by people, is an example.
2. Machine Vision: This technology provides a machine with a capability to see. Machine vision software may capture and analyse visual data using a camera, analog-to-digital conversion, and digital signal processing.
3. Natural Language Processing (NLP): This is how a computer programme interprets human language. Spam detection, one of the first and best-known uses of NLP, analyses the subject line and text of an email to determine whether it is spam.
4. Machine Learning: The technology of getting a computer to act without programming is described here. Deep learning is, to state it simply, the automation of predictive analytics. A part of machine learning is called deep learning.
5. Robotics: This area of engineering focus on creation and design of robots .Jobs that are difficult for humans to do or are inconsistently completed by humans are typically completed by robots. Robots, for instance, are employed by NASA to move heavy items in space or on auto manufacturing lines.
6. Self-driving Cars: In order to develop automated abilities to drive a vehicle while keeping in a certain lane and avoiding unanticipated obstacles, such as pedestrians, deep learning, image recognition, and computer vision are all combined in autonomous vehicles.Text, image and audio generation: Businesses are using generative AI approaches widely to produce a seemingly endless variety of content types, from photorealistic art to email answers and scripts, all from text inputs.

F. Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

1. Artificial Intelligence in Business: Machine learning algorithms are being added to analytics and customer relationship management (CRM) platforms to better serve customers. Websites now include chatbots so that customers may get immediate assistance. Abolition of work, a revolution in product design, and a disruption of business models are all predicted to result from the rapid development of generative AI technologies like ChatGPT.
2. AI in Healthcare: The largest wagers are on decreasing costs and enhancing patient outcomes. Machine learning is being used by businesses to identify illnesses more quickly and accurately than people. IBM Watson, a healthcare technology can answer to inquiries and understands normal language. The system constructs a hypothesis using patient data as well as other accessible data sources, which it then provides with a confidence scoring schema.
3. AI in Education: Grading may be automated by AI, freeing up instructors' time for other duties. Students can work at their own pace after being assessed and having their requirements satisfied. AI tutors can provide pupils extra assistance to keep them on track. Additionally, the use of technology may alter where and how pupils study, maybe even replacing certain professors.
4. Artificial Intelligence in Finance: Artificial intelligence (AI) is disrupting financial institutions in personal finance programs like Intuit Mint or TurboTax. Applications like this gather personal information and offer financial guidance. The process of purchasing a property has been used with other programmes, such as IBM Watson. Today, a large portion of Wall Street trading is carried out by artificial intelligence software.
5. AI in Law:  Sifting through papers during the discovery stage of a legal case may be quite stressful for people. Artificial intelligence is being utilised to improve customer service and speed up labor-intensive legal sector activities.
6. AI in Media and Entertainment: Targeted advertising, content recommendations, distribution, fraud detection, screenplay creation, and movie production are all areas where the entertainment industry makes use of AI. Automated journalism may help newsrooms simplify their media operations while saving time, money, and complexity.
7. AI in Software Coding and IT Processes: It is possible to generate application code using new generative AI tools based on natural language prompts, however it is still early for these tools and doubtful that they will soon replace software developers. Numerous IT tasks, including data input, fraud detection, customer service, predictive maintenance, and security, are being automated by AI.
8. Security: Buyers should beware, as artificial intelligence and machine learning top the list of buzzwords used by security vendors to promote their solutions. Nevertheless, a number of cyber security-related tasks, such as anomaly detection, solving the false-positive issue, and undertaking behavioural threat analytics, are being effectively carried out using AI approaches.
9. AI in Transportation: In addition to playing a crucial part in driving autonomous cars, AI technologies are also employed in the transportation industry to control traffic, forecast airline delays, and raise the effectiveness and security of ocean transportation.
10. AI in Banking: Chatbots are being successfully used by banks to conduct transactions that don't need human interaction and to inform clients about services and opportunities
11. AI in Manufacturing: Robot integration has been pioneered by the manufacturing industry. Cobots, which are smaller, multitasking robots that work alongside humans and assume more responsibility for the job in warehouses, factories, and other workspaces, are an example of industrial robots that were once programmed to perform single tasks and separated from human workers.

Conclusion

As a conclusion, it can be shown that AI has aided computer science since the computers\' attention on the philosophical debates was caused by artificial psychology. Artificial intelligence (AI) does tasks more quickly than humans, and one of its main objectives is to develop technology in an intelligent way. Artificial intelligence, which is demonstrated to be computer knowledge with human characteristics, aids in the growth of the environment and responds logically to assist humans. AI has already had an influence on people\'s lives in many different industries and will undoubtedly have more in the future.

References

[1] https://idhjournal.com/article/S2468-0451(18)30144-5/fulltext [2] https://towardsdatascience.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-artificial-intelligence-182a5ef6588c [3] https://www.forbes.com/sites/cognitiveworld/2019/06/19/7-types-of-artificial-intelligence/?sh=453e91f0233e [4] https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/robots-teachers-bengaluru-school-artificial-intelligence-ai-divd-1594366-2019-09-02 [5] https://www.exametc.com/magazine/details.php?id=521 [6] https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/AI-Artificial-Intelligence

Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Ms. Parminder Kaur. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.