An Ayurvedic Perspective of Tarpana Therapy

Abstract

Shalakya tantra is a branch of ayurveda which deals with disease and treatment of organ situated above the jatru (clavicle). Under the shalakya tanta kriya kalpa play an important role during treatment. In shalakya tantra different acharyas mentioned about the kriyaakalpa and how are we used this therapy in healthy and which eyes suffering from any type of disease. Acharya have explained various therapeutic procedures which are made by different types of drugs and admitted by different route. Being local therapy with fast action and penetration of drug through ocular tissue, the tarpana is the important therapy.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Eye is the most significant sense organ of the human body than another organ. As long as there is a desire for living, so long all out efforts should be made always by men to protect the eye, because for the blind man, night and day are same, all the things for this world are useless. The word kriyakalpa itself consist of two distinct and separate words which are kriya and kalpa. kriya referred to the therapeutic procedure that are undertaken or carried out to cure the disease and the word kalpa refers to the specific medicine or formulation that is selected for use in that specific disease indication.

1. Acharya Susruta1 explain the five types of kriyakalpa in uttar tantra which are: tarpan, putpaka, seka, ashchyotana and anjana.
2. In Vagbhatta2 samhita there are six types of kriyakalpa procedure, five same as Susruta with vidalaka.
3. Sharangadhara3 explain seven types of kriyakalpa, seka, ashchyotana, pindi, vidalaka, parpana, putpaka, anjana.

1. Only sharangdhara explain sever type of kriyakalpa according to aama and nirama awastha of disease (roga). It explains first four procedures done in amawastha as well as acute condition and last three procedures done in niramawsatha.
2. The netra tarpana is form sanskrita where akshi refers to eye and tarpana stand for nourishment. netra tarpana is foremost procedure for eye disorders. It acts as both preventive and curative therapy for maintaining normal healthy condition of eyes. It improves the power of eyes. The tarpana mainly used in vataj and pittaj predominant disease mostly

Tarpana kala, according to different parts of eye disease.

Tarpana kala according to doshas involvement

A. Netra Tarpana Antaral12

In healthy eye- After two days

In vataj roga –Every day

In pittaj/raktaja roga –After one day

In kphaja roga – After two or three days

In sanipataja roga - After two days

B. Tarpana Yogya Rogas13

Other Tarpana Yogya Rogas (DISEASE)

• Siroutpata
• Abhimantha
• Siraharshaa
• Anyatovaat
• Arjuna
• Vatprayaya(vatvipryaya)
• Shukra roga
• Shushkakshipaka
• Timir

C. Tarpana Ayogya14 (Contraindicaton of Tarpana)

Samyaka tarpita lakshana15,16,17

• Sukhswapana – (sound sleep)
• Avbodhatavam – (Blissful awakening)
• Vaishadhyama – (clearness of eye)
• Vrnapatanam – (distinguish different colours)
• Nivriti – (feeling of ease)
• Vyadhividhvansi- (disease cure)
• Kriya laghvama – (easiness in opening and closing of eye)
• Prakash kshamata – (ability to withstand bright light)
• Kapha –vata vikara adishchyeta- subsides dosha vata and kapha)
• Laghu lochanam – (easiness in eye movements)

D. Atitarpit Lakshana18,19

• Guruta – (heaviness in eyes)
• Aavilata – (excessive dirt in eye)
• Atisnigadhata – (excessive lubrication of eye)
• Ashruta- (excessive lacrimation)
• Kandu –(itching)
• Updehavata- (stickiness of eyes)
• Dosham utaklishtama- (aggravation of doshas)
• Kaphaj roga- (kaphaja disease)
• Ruja- (pain in eyes)
• Gharshana – (foreign body sensation)
• Toda – (pricking pain)

E. Heen Tarpit Lakshana20,21

• Rukshata – (dryness in eyes)
• Aviama – (excessive dirt in eyes)
• Ashru shrava – (excessive lacrimation)
• Aroopadanshanam – (difficulty in vision)
• Vyadhi vridhi- (aggravation of disease)
• Vataj vikara- (vataja diseases)
• Sopha – (swelling in eyes)
• Raag – (redness in eyes)

II. ODE OF ACTION OF NETRA TARPANA

In modern science the ocular therapeutic includes the medicines in the form of drops, ointment, gels and ousters. These are the modes of topical installations of medicines in the eye. Eye drops are the easiest and most convenient method of topical application. Aqueous solution and aqueous suspensions are the two forms of drug instillation in eye. In aqueous solutions from the drug is totally dissolved, so the drug is completely available for immediate action. But it gets quickly diluted by tear and drains through naso lacrimal duct. Hence, it causes low tissue contact time. Whereas in suspension from the drug is present as small particles suspended in aqueous medium and these do not leave the eye as early as solution. Hence it increases the tissue contact time. Ointment and gels have more bioavailability of drug which increase tissue contact time and prevent dilution and early absorption. The drug is delivered through a membrane. In cornea the epithelium and endothelium are lipid permeable i.e., lipophilic whereas stromal layer is hydrophilic. Hence the lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs are effectively delivered to cornea, whereas the drug permeability across the sclera depends upon the molecular size and weight of the drug. the drug used in Tarpan procedure is the combination of Ghrita and decoction of medicines, hence the drug can easily cross the cornea epithelium (being lipophilic) and endothelium (being hydrophilic). Also due to more contact time the active component of drug used in Tarpana will be absorbed more to cure the disease. The ghrita with decoction of medicines

III. OTHER INDICATION OF TARPANA

1. In Second patalshrita shukra roga (corneal ulcer)- vat nashaka tarpaa
2. Pittaj timir roga(cataract)- Madhuradi (kakolyadi gana) gana sidhha kwatha
3. Kaphaj timir(cataract)- kshirivriksha kshaya tarpana
4. Abhishyanda– (conjunctivitis)
5. Adhimantha– (glaucoma)
6. Shushkakshipaka– (dry eyes)
7. Squint
8. Refractive errors

Conclusion

In this review article, information about tarpana kriya on different types of disease with duration, samyaka lakshana, heena lakshana and atitarpit lakshana are elaborated. The tarpana kriya is most useful therapy under kriyakalpa of shalakya tantra. As per ayurveda, various drugs can be selected according to the doshas, types of disease &can be used by various ways as kriya kalpa. If we selected proper drug with therapy in a disease, we cure it timely.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Dr. Tribhuvan Singh, Dr. Manoj Kumar Saini, Dr. Anil Tomar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.