Bioethanol: A Sustainable Liquid Fuel as Substitute to Gasoline

Abstract

Fossil fuel dependence is a growing concern due to its contribution to greenhouse gas emission, climatic change and environmental pollution. This highlights the urgency for alternative source of energy that is renewable, environmental friendly, stability in price, and attractive for sustainable development. Bioethanol, a biofuel has emerged as the most acceptable liquid fuel and as a promising alternative to gasoline. Bioethanol, derived from sugars and starch, has raised sustainability concern as it can lead to competition for land use and potentially driven-up food prices especially in developing countries. Meanwhile, Lignocellulosic biomass, a non-food resources, abundant in cellulose and hemicellulose, present a more sustainable feedstock for bioethanol production. This approach could offer advantages like affordability, environmental friendliness, reduce reliance on traditional fuels and compensate for fuel scarcity. Furthermore, bioconversion technology of lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol is required to improve its efficiency and cost effectiveness, making it a highly attractive option for a greener energy in the future.

Introduction

Conclusion

The global energy crisis and environmental challengs pose a major problems facing the society and a concern to the researchers. Biofuel produced from renewable and sustainable feedstocks contributes to national development and economic growth. Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass makes the production cost insignificant due to the abundant of the lignocellulosic biomass. The main challenge in bioethanol production include lignocellulosic recalcitrance, high enzyme cost, the inhibition of enzymes and microorganism, low bioethanol yields and high energy demand for bioethanol recovery and dehydration. The pretreatment method is one of the expensive and most intensive step in second generation biorefineries. The physico-chemical is regarded as the most cost effective method of pretreatment but the major disadvantages is that it generates inhibitors that decreases the enzymes activities and microorganism growth rate. The establishment of improved design and sustainable pretreatment methods will lower energy and chemical consumption, and minimize inhibitors generation and improved the carbohydrate recovery. However, the design of new genetically modified microorganism, enzymes activity, simultaneous assimilation of hexose and pentose sugars and high resistance to inhibitors would promote high yield of bioethanol production and production cost. Distillation method is still in used in recovery of bioethanol from fermentation broth. The application of hybrid processes of azeotrope distillation and dehydration will decrease the energy and operation cost of large scale bioethanol separation.

References

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Copyright © 2024 Abdulsalam A. A., Aliyu S., Bashar B. L., Danillela U. Y., Ahmad Z. U., Aminu M. B., Gbadamosi L. A.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.