Challenges in Student Centered Learning

Abstract

In a student- centered approach the student is at the center of student-centered learning, where learning is dependent upon the learner\'s interest. It empowers learners to take ownership of their learning process, encouraging and experience real life situations. The goal of this project is to determine the challenges schools, teachers and students are facing in adopting modern technologies. The author discussed the types of student-centered learning and how a teacher can gain attention of students while using gadgets. The Prons and cons of applying student focused learning is mentioned in the article. It also shows how it is different from traditional ways of teaching and its changes are beneficiary for student and teacher. Therefore, NEP 2020 emphasizes education for all children but on the needs of the student rather than the teacher. The scaffolding means teacher helps students through their guidance, but the completion of activity is done by students. in student learning approach the student not only enhances the confidence but also use the cognitive and abstract thinking. This approach also develops the leadership skills of students and brings harmony among peer groups. The challenge teachers are facing is to use individualized plans for every diverse need of students. There is an enormous difference between student centered and traditional ways of teaching. The students are given opportunities to explore more and focus on practical work. Students become more responsible for their future course of action. In student centered learning, the students do abstarct thinking and teachers take them to field work for real life experiences. Many different commissions are developed by government of India to engage every student in practical world and give them opportunities to become a successful citizen. E- learning is the best example for student involvement in online mode with their peer group. Some of the tasks are given online by a teacher like making PPT whitehanded the computer skills and confidence of student in giving presentation.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The student-centered learning increases the focus on interest of student through which they can learn new things in new ways like role playing learning demonstration , collaborative learning, Heuristic method etc. Introduction learning, the focus was not on student but more on completing this syllabus by rote learning as there were less resources available due to which the opportunity was not given to students to learn and do experiments on their own. In NEP the key role is to give student centered approach and engage students in learning process and cut out the rote learning. This learning developed the cognitive power of student and help in brain storming. The holistic development of student is done with overall development of student and include extracurricular activities that is a part of curriculum. In schools the interdisciplinary approach is used the reason behind as every student is different and wants to learn new things apart from the syllabus in student learning approach the holistic and interdisciplinary method shows that student can choose any subject in higher studies whatever the background in past classes. In education everyone is focusing on student learning either in schools or higher education as today students are future of our nation so the development of students is much on priority. In past decades traditional method was used due to lack of training to teachers, Less available of resources, no Internet, poor infrastructure these were the reasons student was just a passive learner, and the teacher was active. Multidisciplinary approach enhances the student's personality confidence and creativity to explore new things and apply them in daily life. When the student learning method is used the background experience and learning style of student is kept in mind while selecting the way of teaching as everyone is different in classroom so individualized planning is done by the teacher. For example, in inclusive education all types of students are included so a teacher plan according to the interest and the learning style of the student. The student participates more when learning is including the interest of student as Everyone wants to learn by doing it because it is the best method from lecture method. The student participates in question answer session because the listening power of student enhanced due to the learning provided to them was not teacher centered. Now in world of technology from the beginning of a school the teacher or using gadgets smart glasses to make it interesting and hands on experience to make them learn practical knowledge. If we go further in higher classes, The student is prepared to give presentation with the help of PPT which involves student participation with technology and the Internet. The collaboration of students in every project work in classroom is a student centered approach where they are given a task to complete with a group of people which helps in maintaining friendly relationships and harmony among teacher and students. In this approach students are becoming more responsible to set their goals and try to achieve them in each point of time.

Hence the student also sees a difference between traditional and modern type of learning if we talk about Buddhism and Jainism. Their learning was totally teacher centered as student only listen to their gurus and it was exceedingly difficult for student to highlight their talents and abilities as they were not allowed to do anything on their own. Holistic development was the overall development of student in education related to emotional social physical cultural etc. This development is only possible with the help of student-centered curriculum. it not only enhances academic achievements but also make them learn how to deal with real life experiences. While using student centered learning the students should actively participate with the peer group and the challenge for teacher is to learn new things for students engagement in learning process. Training is given to teachers for example in service training well teacher learn modern technologies and how to attract student attention in class. In student central learning the multidisciplinary approach means the integrating

Search from different field of education like biology, match, economics etc. When a teachers use multidisciplinary approach for overall development student in every field it includes the total participation of student inactivity of classroom and outside the classroom. The student-centered approach shifts from teacher to student rote learning to experiential and practical learning.

Here, the figure shows some elements of Student-centered learning.

1. Active Learning: In active learning, the students stay focused on the topic and pay attention, stay focused on the task. The students involved themselves more rather than just listening to a lecture. Here they are not just passive listeners. Active learning includes discussions, opinions, problem solving, and brainstorming. In this learning, the student role is primary. Students gain practical understanding by doing things for ex- field trips, experiments.
2. Problem Based Learning: In problem-based learning, the problem is given to students, and they must solve it in a group or individually by using their cognitive thinking. This kind of activity develops the ability of continuous learning.
3. Cooperative Learning: Enhances friendship and harmony among peer groups and develops trust among friends. When a task is given in a group the student cooperates with each other to complete the task on time. It also evolves the authority and accountability to outright the task.
4. Peer Tutoring: It is a strategy where a student assists or supports the other student in academic, social, behaviour skills. Here, a peer becomes a kind of teacher to other students, give guidance to solve a problem or evolve the skills also do the evaluation of student at the end.

II.  CHALLENGES FACING WHILE ADOPTING THE STUDENT-CENTERED LEARNING

1. Technological Changes: To develop the interest of students, diverse types of teaching styles are necessary. In the current scenario the technology is used in every field. Now in education teachers use gadgets and animations to develop retaining power. But the problems come when technology changes amazingly fast and it is not possible for a teacher to adapt easily.so, Proper training is required to meet the challenges and adopt the opportunities.
2. Time Management: While using the student-centered learning approach the teacher and student both have to manage their times accordingly as it requires proper planning, Assessment, and evaluation at the end of the teaching. It is different from traditional method in this not only teacher but also student have to plan the activity with their peer groups and must manage.the time limit in which it has to be completed.
3. Teacher Training: Student centered learning a teacher Should be well trained about the technology and gadgets going to be used in the classroom. In traditional way of teaching the teacher less focus on the students Centered approach as they believe in giving the lecture not hands on expeience.So, a teacher ought to be aware of the technologies utilized in instruction to promote student growth and engagement.
4. Resource Availability: In past decades, the availability of resources was very less due to which students were not able to explore more and only gain theoretical knowledge which does not make our future generation to have practical knowledge. But now in the modern style of teaching every kind of resource is provided by schools with proper infrastructure. Due to less resources, the learning process becomes slow and does not help students to actively participate in activity. If the resources are proper available, then the participation of the students become entrusting, and They become curious to learn new things
5. Cost Issues: When we shift from teacher centered learning to student centered learning, the cost of education becomes more. Because of the resources and infrastructure provided by them to students. It also enhances the knowledge of the teacher by giving them training which also includes cost. Four hands on experience A teacher required lots of resources for students to participate individually or in Group for which we must purchase Gadgets and equipment so that students can learn by doing.

III. TYPES OF STUDENT CENTERED LEARNING

1. Discussion Method: In this method the teacher involved the students to participate in discussing the topic, here student also utilise their knowledge and real-life experiences while discussing. It also helps in building the confidence of student as they Become more alert in classroom and feel proud that teachers are recognising the students.
2. Buzz Method: As the name suggests buzz the Groups are made of students three or more looking for information on any specific topic. The students keep discussing and gaining knowledge from each other
3. Cooperative Method: In this method the teacher manages the classroom and give group activity to students the students participate actively in learning it is more effective than lecture method the teacher always assists the student in learning for example group projects
4. Think Aloud Strategy: In this strategy just student write down all the thoughts or task given by the teacher it is a great tool of assessment and evaluation of student by just watching at the right down points on a paper the student become independent and verbalising their own thoughts

IV. ADVANTAGES OF STUDENT CENTERED LEARNING

1. Make Students Self-independent: In student centered learning the content or curriculum is designed according to the interest of student but in lecture method the student is a passive learner, so the engagement become less but in this strategy the student become more self-independent by learning and developing on thoughts they also evaluate their learning with the peer group
2. Strong Relationship with the Teacher: The second and important for student is to maintain a healthy relation with the teacher it only happens when the teacher involves students in learning and never make them a passive listener a teacher must help student in different ways by giving them examples or guidance for example in project work teacher can make a group of students and provide them some equipment's for fulfilling the task.
3. Enhance Critical Thinking Power: It helps in improving and enhancing the critical thinking of students by giving them some field work or project work where students Have to use their brain and do brainstorming to find a particular solution. Before starting for a task, a student can also use mind mapping to figure out the situation. Through mind mapping new concept new knowledge new experiences also developed which increases the power of thinking.
4. Better Preparation for Real World: In student learning centered method will students solve their problem critically and use their abstract thinking they are totally prepared for the real-life experiences for the future course of action which make them confident and independent as learning by doing improve their skills to succeed in real life

V. DISADVANTAGES OF STUDENT CENTERED LEARNING

1. Lack of Focus: Without proper guidance of a teacher a student can never achieve a goal. To achieve a goal a teacher, make the learning and trusting by engaging the student in activities but sometimes student become so independent that they think they have better knowledge then teacher which become obstacles in the learning process
2. Include Cost: While giving student centered learning in a classroom a teacher and student both require the equipment's and learning material to get engaged and do cooperative learning. Due to which lots of expenses organization must do to become successful in learning process for example in the field works students are taken to the trip to explorer which requires cost and different kind of expenses
3. Diversity of Students: Students morning the teacher has to make individualised plan for teaching as every student is different from each other so only one planning will not be successful and it requires lots of time to make plan for every student in a given period of time due to diversity of students the learning process evaluation and assessment also differ in making groups teacher face problem as students are from different backgrounds and all are having their different kind of previous knowledge
4. Resist to Change: The reason behind not changing the curriculum according to the students is because of parents' administrators because everyone is not familiar with the student centered learning as everyone is used to of traditional learning and simple for teacher to deliver a lecture with no extra activities.

Conclusion

In summary, the challenges faced during student centered learning age of training to teachers regarding the interest of students and how to make curriculum interesting and effective. In new education policy many changes are done for students to opt for subjects in which students have interest. So, in today\'s scenario the main purpose of education is not only theoretical knowledge but also to give practical knowledge with hands on experience. In student centered learning the opportunities students get to learn new things and enhance their knowledge. In past years more emphasise given on traditional method Because of less resources. In the world of artificial intelligence students are taking more interest and engaged themselves in solving new problem with the help of teacher. Here, a teacher player role of guidance to students and give them freedom 2 explorer and use their cognitive power to achieve a particular target. The main disadvantage of student sentence centered learning is that student become more independent and do not involve teachers much. In this approach students are becoming more active, and teachers keep a check on their students of what is right and what is wrong. The observation method applied by teachers in this method become beneficial.

Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Shivani Chaudhary. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.