The Representation of Children and the Subject of Poverty in Mark Twains Writing

Abstract

The events of \"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer\" and its logical successor \"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\" by Mark Twain are scientifically examined in this article using the literary studies idea of the unity of space and time. The piece examines the author\'s distinctive narrating style and distinct method of character movement. The heroes\' significant role in the unification of space and time and their essential purpose are detailed in the work\'s plot.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

It is well recognised that genre, including folklore and literature, is a historical category that emerges at a certain point in the evolution of socio-artistic thought and evolves as society changes. "Through a variety of connections, literary genres are closely linked to reality outside the realm of the arts. The genetic aspects of this link come first. The works' genres are mostly connected to incidents that have a significant influence on historical and cultural life "[10, 47].

Travel is portrayed as a competent undertaking in Mark Twain's books "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and its logical sequel "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn." Because they are being compelled to travel, neither the heroes of the works nor the group of characters that the Ace leads travel.

Tom has a strong desire to travel and experience life as a pirate. But they are limited in their travels since, with the exception of Mark Twain's "Tom Sawyer Abroad," most of the joyful and tragic events they have encountered have taken place close to where they were born and reared. Huckleberry and his friends' experiences are tied to the cities and villages that are found along the Mississippi River and its banks, whereas Tom's adventures take place in the town where aunt Polly resides, its surrounds, the Mississippi River, and its islands. After Tom and his pal Huck visit the "pirate" island at night to bury a dead cat, Tom's adventures start.

Although Huck briefly resides at the home of the widow Mrs. Douglas who looked after him, Huck dislikes her inquiries and her insistence that he follow certain protocols. Like Tom, Huck briefly departs the house before resuming his identity as Tom. However, after seeing his father, Huck (The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) feels compelled to walk outside.

Only his drunken father can stop Huck. He will first be ecstatic. When it grew dark, I would light my pipe and sit by the fire, feeling comfortable with myself. But the day after he went home, he felt lonely. But as time went on, I began to feel depressed and alone. I walked to the beach and saw the waves.

On the river, Huck and Jim have several adventures. They come into a bunch of robbers on a sinking vessel and narrowly avoid death. Once onshore, Jim narrowly avoids drowning in a bog beside the river, and Huck almost falls prey to the conflict between the Grangerfords and the Shepherdsons. They only go by night across the Mississippi. Huck and Jim were both absent from the scene. Huck was risking his own life to save Jim from the slavers because if his actions were discovered, he would face jail time.

They experience loneliness on the ship as they watch the nighttime landscape and the starry sky: "On the ferry, we had an excellent time! There is nearly a star above us. We are discussing whether or not the stars emerged on their own or whether someone made them while we were staring at them. They were buildings in and of themselves, I said. How much time would it take to make all those stars? They could have been created by the moon. In addition, shooting stars that would arc across the sky and hit the earth would be visible. Jim believed that because they were in the field, these stars had been forced from their nests" [11, 410].

But for migrants, the night sky is not always clear. The surface of the river is frequently shrouded in dense fog. They walk by without noticing Cairo, the liberated city they desire and strive for, on one of those hazy evenings (the author named small towns in the USA after famous cities of that time). When the accused, who escaped from the throng, the "king," and the "duke" join them, their peaceful village life is abruptly upset. After that, new challenges and experiences will start.

Adventure writing in the travelogue style may be found in Mark Twain's books "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and its logical successor "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn." Travel appears to them to be a requirement. The author uses this creative technique to make the points made in his writings clear to the reader.

The inventive time and space representations found in works of art are abundant, and they also include a wide range of complex meanings. The chronological (seasons, everyday life, and ritual sequence), historical (change of periods and generations, description of significant events in the life of society), spatial (history of the universe and ideas about immortality), daily (night and day, evening and morning), and biographical (childhood, adolescence, maturity, old age) images of time and movement and inactivity, history, present, and future are among them.

Additionally, the representations of space in literature take on several forms. There is a link with the world of nearby and far-off items in addition to the imagery of finite and infinite, temporal and spatial, actual and imaginative regions. There is a certain place, whether it be domestic or fantastical, enclosed or open, in the writings of this or that author.

Huck and Black Jim swim downstream in "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn," on the left. They do so mostly at night. As a result, they spend the day concealing Jim from those attempting to capture him on the islets in the centre of the river and amid the dense shrubs along the river's banks:

“We ran at nights, and hid in the day-times. As soon as night was almost gone, we stopped navigating and tied up, and then cut young branches and hid the raft with them. Then we sat out the fishing lines. Next, we slid into the river and had a swim, so as to freshen up and cool off. Then we sat down on the sandy bottom where the water was about knee-deep, and watched the daylight come” [13, 62].

We can more clearly sense the author's opinions and voice thanks to the time and place that serve as the plot's foundation.

During their "journey" across Mississippi, Huck and Jim, a runaway black man, come across a wide range of individuals. First of all, they are the duke and "king" who cheated their way out of the crowd. On the left, there will now be four individuals. They also pick up a young man who is awaiting a ship to Orleans as they travel. In Sol, there are people from many racial groups, nations, and worldviews. People are compelled to move in a tiny, limited space, and they come from different countries, ethnicities, religions, and worldviews.

There will be several confrontations while travelling. Some individuals are annoyed and irritated by the hassles and inconveniences on the left:

-“So now the frauds reckoned they were out of danger, and they began to work the villages again… They tried a little of everything. But they couldn’t seem to have any luck. So, at last they were just about broke. They lay around the raft, as floated along, thinking, and thinking, and never saying anything, by the half a day at a time” [13, 108].

They exchanged dubious looks with one other. The five individuals occasionally divided into two groups and occasionally into three groups.

Everyone to the left is still looking for their final resting place or destination. This journey can be compared to humanity's quest for unchanging reality. In the piece, the left represents the planet Earth, the passengers represent all of humanity, and the river represents the cosmos. The author hopes to convey to us through this that everyone on earth is a traveller, that the life that is given to them is a test, that this time is fleeting, and that everyone has a place in the world.

All people have their own life paths, but those on the left only have one road and one destiny. Nobody is aware of what lies in store for them. Everyone believes he is right and acts selfishly in disagreements that develop. He unintentionally insults his partners' words or unintentionally assists them:

– “So, we stayed where we were. The duke was in a very sour way. He scolded us for everything, and we couldn’t seem to do anything right. He found fault with every little thing” [13, 82].

Both works' protagonists embark on forced excursions that take them to several communities, where they interact with various characters, and encounter various scenarios. In the little town where he lives, St. Petersburg, Tom encounters outsiders for the first time. On one of the warm evenings, it took place. Because of this, Tom was "interested in a new individual of every age who appeared in a little, poor town - St. Petersburg" [12, 8].

Both works' protagonists embark on forced excursions that take them to several communities, where they interact with various characters, and encounter various scenarios. In the little town where he lives, St. Petersburg, Tom encounters outsiders for the first time. On one of the warm evenings, it took place. Because of this, Tom was "interested in a new individual of every age who appeared in a little, poor town - St. Petersburg" [12, 8].

The author's opinions and voice can be more clearly felt by researching the period and place that serve as the plot's foundation. The concepts of time and space have a specific position in writings that describe journeys. The pictoriality of such works is particularly clear when abstract time and space dimensions are represented by real, concrete items. Even while time is distinct in Mark Twain's novels, occasionally space is hazy (in "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"-the Mississippi River and unnamed towns along its banks).

The hero travels to several locations, meets a variety of characters, passengers, and forms friends while on the road. Based on his worldview, consciousness, and culture, the hero assesses them. Students gain a particular perspective and understanding of other people, people of different faiths, and people from different ethnicities despite the fact that his judgement is frequently subjective in character.

The following is how the tale comes to a finish. The events that take place in towns and villages along the road, as a consequence of contacts with other people, "open the eyes" of the characters in both works ("Edventures of Tom Sawyer" and "Edventures of Huckleberry Finn") and cause them to view the world differently. Their characters take shape when they begin to consider it. If certain characters don't carry out their roles according to the play's narrative, others will step in. Only the main characters survive to the play's conclusion.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Sattarov Farrukh. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.