Comparative Analysis of Natural and Artificial Coagulants

Abstract

Turbidity is the measure of relative clarity of a liquid. It is an optical characteristic of water and is a measurement of the amount of light that is scattered by material in the water when a lightis shined through the water sample. The higher the intensity of scattered light, the higher the turbidity Turbidity in the water creates both aesthetic and health issues. Surface water treatment plants remove particles because they can cause objectionable appearances, tastes, and odour and can interfere with disinfection. A wide range of natural coagulants, such as moringa seeds, banana peel, jatropha curcas, cassava peel starch, watermelon, pawpaw, beans, nirmali seeds, papaya seeds, organic dry hibiscus and okra have been studied previously. Natural coagulants in powder forms are usually added directly to wastewater. The most commonly used inorganic chemical coagulants in water treatment. Aluminium sulfate Al2(SO4)3 is the most commonly used chemical for coagulation in wastewater treatment. Additional commonly used coagulants include sodium aluminate NaAIO?, ferric sulphate Fe2(SO4)3 and ferric chloride FeCl3.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The water becomes wastewater due to population growth, urbanization, industrialization, sewage from household, institutions, hospitals, industries and etc. For other uses by removing turbidity and total dissolved solids by using natural & artificial coagulants. In this process the waste water will be treated for other uses like in construction for mixing with cement or curing and other works. Turbidity and Total Dissolve Solid imparts enormous problem during waste water treatment. In this review study we observed that there are various types of natural coagulant which have been used in many forms for removal of turbidity by Natural & Artificial coagulants.

1. TURBIDITY – The cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by suspended solids that are usually invisible to the naked eye. The measurement of Turbidity is an important test when trying to determine the quality of water.
2. TDS – It stand for ‘Total Dissolved Solids’ present in water. The amount of minerals, metals, organic material and salts that are dissolved in a certain water volume. the particles can be organic or inorganic. For example - magnesium, potassium, sodium, bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulphates.
3. COAGULANTS – It is a compound or agent which is added in water to purification or to remove dissolved particles in water.

TYPES OF COAGULANTS:

The three natural coagulants used are given below -

• Papaya Seeds
• Organic Dry Hibiscus
• Watermelon Seeds

The three artificial coagulants used are given below –

• Aluminium Sulphate Al2(SO4)3
• Sodium Aluminate NaAlO?
• Ferric Sulfate Fe2(SO4)3

II. METHODOLOGY

Experiments were conducted with Natural Coagulants such as Papaya Seeds, Organic Dry Hibiscus, Watermelon Seeds and Artificial Coagulants like Aluminium Sulphate Al2(SO4)3, Sodium Aluminate NaAlO?, Ferric Sulphate Fe2(SO4)3.

The experimental methods that were used in the coagulation/ flocculation treatment for turbid water were carried out by using jar test, which is most commonly. Samples of water that was used in the experiments was Lake water. Jar test was used to coagulate the samples of water by adding some coagulants in the experiment. All the experiments of coagulation – flocculation treatment were performed at the ambient temperature. The sample should be mixed well before using of the jar test and after that, the samples must be measured for pH and turbidity to represent the initial concentration. 800ml of the water was put in beakers, then mixed at a highspeed reaching to 221rpm for 5 min by using a stirrer, and then mixed slowly at a speed of 40rpm for 15 min, and finally the sample was left to settle for 2 hours. After settling the sample, a volume of liquor supernatant was pulled at a distance of 5 cm from the surface of the sample for conducting the analysis required. Coagulants of varying concentrations (0.5-3) ppm were added in the beakers to determine the best dosage based on the minimum concentration of pollutants. To determine the best value of pH, the experiments were carried out at the range of pH (5-6).

III. BATCH ADSORPTION STUDY

Batch experiment were carried out in 1000ml glass jar with 800 ml test solution at room temperature (29 +/- 30 ). Doses of every coagulant powder of 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1 and 1.3 mg were mixed with solution. The jar, along with known volume of the test solution of fixed concentration at neutral pH, was shaken in jar test apparatus at 221rpm for 5min and 2 hours for settle to study the equilibration time for maximum adsorption does of solution at the end of desired contact time, the samples were filtered using whattman paper number 42 filter paper and the filterate was analysied. Modual no described in the standard methods of examination of water and waste water. The batch study performed to optimum condition and to study the effect of pH, adsorbent does, contact time and initial concentration on the test solution.

Conclusion

The comparative removal percentage of TDS using various coagulants is shown in figure no.10. The graph is plotted for dosage corresponding to maximum removal efficiency of TDS to find effective coagulant and effective dosage of each coagulant.

References

[1] Giridhar, V.S.S., A Study on The Uses of Alum for Turbidity Removal In Synthetic Water. National conference On Water, Environment Society 2016. [2] Muthuraman. G. Turbidity Removal from Surface Water by Natural Coagulant and Its Potential Application.2011. [3] Geetha And Sharpudhin, Comparative Study of Removal of Turbidity from Waste Water Using Chemical and Natural Coagulants. International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology Research,2015 (IJSETR) Volume 5, ISSN:2278-7798, [4] Kumar P.S, Vaibhav K.N, Shiv R., Rhyagarajan A., Removal of turbidity from washing machine discharge using strychnospotatorum seeds: parameters optimization and mechanism prediction, resource –efficient, technologies,2016, SI7SI76 [5] Ramawandi, Treatment of Water Turbidity and Bacteria by Using a Coagulant Extracted from Plantago Ovate, Water Resources and Industry,2016, 36-50.

Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Abhijit Pawar, Hardik Sharma, Poonam Kharatmol, Yash Mahadik, Abhinesh Amrutsagar, Mayur Suryawanshi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.