Comparative Study of Electric Traction Control Techniques: Application to Motor Vehicles

Abstract

Climate change and evolution of technology have shown the important of electric vehicles (EV). Its performance strongly depends on the type of control techniques used to control their motor. In this paper, we compare the electric traction control techniques used in motor vehicles. We consider an electric vehicle with two driving wheels and we model it to bring out the mechanical, electrical and electromechanical equations. For our obtained road, we develop the control laws of our vehicle using Indirect Flux Oriented Control (IFOC) method, Direct Torque Control (DTC) method and Fuzzy DTC (DTFC) method. A comparative study of these control techniques is made using performance tools such as response-time, static error and ripple rate. Our study shows that DTFC method is better to obtain the motor instruction requested by the driver.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

With global warming, the use of 100% clean electric vehicles is becoming a priority for countries around the world. In recent years, auto giants have produced EVs such as Peugeot e – 208, Tesla Model 3, Renault Zoé, etc. But one of the difficulties encountered in this type of vehicle is the strategy for controlling the motors of the traction chain. Nasri et al presented a novel studies of sliding mode control applied on four independent wheels electric vehicle systems [3].

In they work, they proposed one propulsion system consists of four induction motors that ensure the driving of back front driving wheels. Bouguenna and collaborators investigated on a robust neuro-fuzzy-sliding mode control with extended state observer technique applied on the traction chain of the electric vehicle [4].

The autors proved that, their control system provided a quick response and robustness in case of fluctuations in the desired output caused by propulsion system load variation. Taibi et al analysed a new control structure base on DTC method used for the control of bi-machine traction system of an EV [5].

They studied the robustness of the EV in the presence of the various load cases involved in the electric vehicle traction chain. Ndoumbe and its co-workers developed a DTFC applied to the control of a 2-wheels EV drive utilizing an electronic differential with two induction motor rear drive wheels [6].

Nasri et al proposed a new control algorithm of one wheel motor based on backstepping control approach to control independently each in wheel induction motors [7]. Furthermore, the previous authors have not presented a comparative study of EV control techniques. In this article, we compare IFOC, DTC and DTFC steering techniques on a 4-wheel vehicle including 2 front wheel drives in order to identify the best steering technique. The structure of the paper is as follows : section 2 presents the physical description and mathematical modelling of EV with control. Comparative study of electric traction control technique of EV is presented in section 3. The concluding remarks and future work are given in section.

II. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF EV

A. Mechanical Action on EV

This subsection presents the dynamic model of a four-wheeled vehicle. Figure 1 highlights the different forces acting on the tires of the vehicle during its propulsion.

Conclusion

In this paper, we investigated and compared the electric traction control techniques used in motor vehicles. An electric vehicle with two driving wheels was used to apply the control techniques of electric traction. We modeled the electromechanical dynamic of EV with two driving wheels. We developed the control laws of our vehicle using IFOC, DTC, DTFC) method. A comparative study of these control techniques was made using performance tools such as response-time, static error and ripple rate. Our study shows that DTFC method was better to obtain the motor instruction requested by the driver.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Zango Nkeutia Sylvain, Djanna Francis, Mtopi Fotso Blaise. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.