A Comparative Study on Antimicrobial Activity of Vigna unguiculata And Cynodon dactylon

Abstract

Extract from different parts of medicinal plant contains lots of phytochemicals and helps to cure different types of diseases. Vigna unguiculata and Cynodon dactylon both are annual herbs and found all over the country. Both annual herbs are numerous used in Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha medicines. Vigna unguiculata is a leguminous plant and contain various phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, Amino acid, phenols, and phytic acid. Vigna unguiculata extract have been reported to cure different type of diseases like anthelmintic activity, antibacterial activity, antimicrobial activity, antidiabetic activity, antiviral and antifungal activity, antioxidant activity ,hypocholesteerolemic activity and hypolipidemic activites. Extracts from different parts of Cynodon dactylon are widely used to prevent different kinds of diseases like antiviral and antimicrobial activity, against snake bites, gout and rheumatic affection, anthelmintic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, reduce burning sensation, hyperdipsia, haematuria, leprosy, bronchitis, piles, asthma, enlargement of the spleen, tumors, dysentery, diarrhoea, conjunctivitis, vomiting etc due to the lot of phytochemical likes flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, saponins, resins, tannins, reducing sugar, phytosterols, proteins, carbohydrates, volatile oil and fixed oils presents in the plant.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Vigna unguiculata is largely produced and used for household consumption in Africa [1] and very commomly known as Cowpea or black eye pea [2]. It is a leguminous plant and belongs to a family Papilonaceae. The most important part of Vigna unguiculata is its leaf and seed which are source of numerous chemical constituents like alkanoids, flavonoids, amino acid, phenol, phytic acid, etc [3,4] as well as having potassium, iron, zinc, calcium, selenium, sodium, copper and  potential sources of vitamin A and C [5]. Sandy soil with rich source of organic matter and minerals are the suitable place for the growth of the plant[6]. Different parts extract shows various medicinal activities like antioxidant, antifungal, antisickling, antidiabetic, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, hypocholesteerolemic, antimalarial, anthelmintic, thrombolytic activity[7,8]. Plants have strong tap and lateral roots with nodules helps to fix atmospheric nitrogen in soil. V. unguiculata contains a bunch white, yellow, blue or purple colour self fertilized flowers on the leaf axils. Green, brown or purple colour pods varies in length from 8 to 15 cm with straight or slightly beak or pointed beak tips. Pod contains green, black, brown,white, red, mottled and spotted seed averagely 1 – 10 seeds in a row[9-12].

Our earth is a rich source of medicinal plant [13]. Cynodon dactylon, mainly known Durba, are used both externally and internally for various medicinal value[14]. Cynodon dactylon belongs to a family Poaceae and available all over the country[15]. Different parts extract of the plant such as leaves, roots, stems, fruits, seeds are used to treat various disease due to presence of different phytochemical components and plants[16]. The Plant extract shows antiviral and antimicrobial activity[17].

The plant shows positive response against snake bites, gout and rheumatic affection[18]. In Homeopathic medicine Cynodon dactylon  is used in bleeding and skin troubles.[19,20]. C.dactylon is grew in warm climates and all around the year[21,22].  Completely herb and its root stalk is used in medicine[23]. The gray or green leaf blades of Cynodon dactylon are, 2-15cm long and 4mm broad. Leafs are flat to slightly keeled, tip sharp and glabrous. Cynodon dactylon flowers are spikelets with a perfect floret and lanceolate and  yellow in colour; styles purple; The yellow to reddish seeds are oval and about 1.5 mm long[24]. 

Conclusion

Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea) and Cynodon dactylon is very important and extremely useful in ayurvedic, unani and siddha medicine From ancient days. Both plants are found all over the year and very easily and both plants are shows near about result in antimicrobial activity. Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea) extract at concentration 400 µg/ disc shows antimicrobial activity against gram positive, gram negative and different types of fungi. Others important activity like thrombolytic and antisickling activities, anthelmintic, antilipidemic, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant due to rich source of vitamin A, vitamin C, flavonoids, riboflavin, zinc, copper, magnesium, calcium, sodium, phosphorus, thiamine, amino acid, phytic acid, alkaloids, saponins, fats, resins, terpenoids, glycosides in the different parts of the plant. Different parts of Cynodon dactylon plants contain different types of phytochemical like proteins, minerals, carbohydrates, vitamin C, terpenoids, alkaloids and palmitic acid, Flavonoids: apigenin, orientin, letuolin, and vitexin. Cynodon dactylon have significant role in management of diabetics and cardiovascular disease as well as 75 µl/ml concentration shows the best result in antimicrobial activity. Conflict of Interest: Nil amba J, Nyazema N, Makaza N, Anderson C, Kaondera KC (1994) Traditional herbal remedies used for the treatment of urinary shistosomiasis in Zimbabwe. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 42: 125–132 amba J, Nyazema N, Makaza N, Anderson C, Kaondera KC (1994) Traditional herbal remedies used for the treatment of urinary shistosomiasis in Zimbabwe. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 42: 125–132 Ndamba J, Nyazema N, Makaza N, Anderson C, Kaondera KC (1994) Traditional herbal remedies used for the treatment of urinary shistosomiasis in Zimbabwe. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 42: 125–132 Ndamba J, Nyazema N, Makaza N, Anderson C, Kaondera KC (1994) Traditional herbal remedies used for the treatment of urinary shistosomiasis in Zimbabwe. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 42: 125–132 Ndamba J, Nyazema N, Makaza N, Anderson C, Kaondera KC (1994) Traditional herbal remedies used for the treatment of urinary shistosomiasis in Zimbabwe. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 42: 125–132 Ndamba J, Nyazema N, Makaza N, Anderson C, Kaondera KC (1994) Traditional herbal remedies used for the treatment of urinary shistosomiasis in Zimbabwe. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 42: 125–132

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Copyright © 2022 Soumallya Chakraborty, Somenath Bhattacharya, Rohan Pal, Sanjit Mandal, Sourav Biswas, Chiranjit Mandal, Dr. Amitava Roy, Dr. Arin Bhattacharjee. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.