Utilizing the Refrigerants R134a and Mixed Nano- Particle Refrigerant in a Comparison Study and Analysis of a Vapour Compression Refrigeration System

Abstract

Fundamentally, a vapour compression refrigeration system (VCRS) is a device that absorbs heat from a lower internal heat level and rejects it to the body or environment at a higher temperature in exchange for some external work being done on it. It is widely used everywhere, from commercial use in homes and stores to extensive scope and significant cooling loads in companies. They vary in size as well, but only to the extent necessary for cooling. to operate with top blowers, provide large cooling loads with minimal energy or force consumption Many analysts working in the subject of warm designing have always been interested in it. The area of refrigeration is similarly changing as a result of the introduction of nanotechnology in all research and technological fields. not anymore left clean of it. It has been observed that several metals and their combinations have high heat dissipation limits, which formed the basis for their use in refrigeration. Numerous nano size metal mixes have been tested with numerous refrigerants, and suitable fixes have been discovered to ensure an increased VCRS Coefficient of Execution. In this endeavour as well, a unique mixture is used, and research on VCRS will be conducted. Here, the task of finding the best fixations is completed after the mixing of metal CuO nanoparticles with the refrigerant R134a is complete.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The word "refrigeration" is rather broad. It defines the method of removing heat from areas, things, or materials in order to keep them at a temperature lower than the surrounding atmosphere[1]. The substance to be chilled just has to be exposed to a cold environment in order to have a refrigeration effect. The warmth will circulate in its usual direction, from the hotter to the cooler substance. That example, using refrigeration to lower the temperature is illegal[2]. Mechanical refrigeration is the process of transferring heat from one material to another using a mechanical device or structure. A refrigeration framework is made up of different functional components that together form the overall refrigeration unit. This real structure represents the various phases of the refrigeration cycle[3]. These frameworks are made up of an expansion valve, condenser, blower, and evaporator. The blower compresses the refrigerant at a low pressing factor in the evaporator to a pressing factor at the condenser[4] in order to cool the evaporator. The condenser eliminates the heat that the refrigerant has accumulated, and the extension valve allows the refrigerant at high pressure to enter the low pressure zone[5]. This illustration of the various refrigeration system components is rather popular. Depending on the use and kind of refrigerant, the refrigeration systems change. They are the techniques that allow us to really carry out the refrigeration interaction[6]. Therefore, giving them your whole attention is essential. The use of refrigeration has significantly changed horticulture, industry, and way of life. settlement patterns But recently, refrigeration has expanded quickly, going from ice-collection to temperature-controlled train cars[7].

A. Type of Refrigeration

There are several options for refrigeration. These are a few of them.

1. Refrigeration of air.
2. Laser refrigeration and cooling.
3. Solar refrigeration
4. Vapor Absorption cooling.
5. Refrigeration through vapour compression. (6)Magnetic refrigeration

The following components make up a basic vapour compression refrigeration system:

a. Compressor

b. Condenser

c. Expansion valve

d. Evaporato

B. Application of VCRS

In the current state of world development, VCRS has several uses, some of which are as follows.

1. Ice production
2. Preservation of food
3. Business Applications
4. Business Utilizations
5. Commercial Drying Equipment
6. Air Conditioning in Transportation
7. Unique Applications
8. Business Establishments
9. Future Refrigerants and the Greenhouse Effect

C. Components of Setup

Component List evaporator compressor. Condenser Capillary tube Fan for cooling Thermocouple Pump Voltmeter Ammeter pressure gauge

1. Compressor: By using channel or pull valve A, the low pressing factor and temperature fume refrigerant from the evaporator is moved into the blower where it is packed to a high pressing factor and temperature[8]. Through the convey or release valve, this high pressing factor and temperature fume refrigerant is discharged into the condenser.
2. Condenser: The condenser or cooler is made out of a curl of line where high pressure and temperature fume refrigerant exchanges heat and cools while also condensing. The refrigerant delivers its inert heat to the surrounding medium, which is often air or water, when it passes through the condenser[9]
3. Receiver: The collector is a container where condensed fluid refrigerant is stored before being supplied to the evaporator with the help of a development valve or control valve[10].
4. Expansion Valve: Choke valve or refrigerant control valve are other names for it. The development valve's purpose is to allow the fluid refrigerant at high pressure and temperature to pass at a controlled rate once its pressure and temperature have been reduced. When fluid refrigerant passes through the extension valve, a little quantity disappears, while the larger portion disintegrates in the evaporator[11]..
5. Evaporator: The fluid-fume refrigerant is dispersed and converted into fume refrigerant in an evaporator's loop of line at low pressure and temperature. The medium (air, water, or saline solution) being cooled by the refrigerant absorbs its idle temperature of vaporisation as it dissipates [12].
6. Evaporator: An evaporator is constructed of a cool cage with a fibre body and a drain valve. By drilling a hole in the body of the cool cage, a copper coil is bent into a helical form and inserted within. For the purpose of heat transmission, copper coils transport cooling media (refrigerant) in the evaporator.

Size (L*B*H) (In MM) 354*220*260

Capacity of evaporator 12 KLD Body material Fiber

Cooling coil length (in mm) MOC of cooling coil copper

Size/length of cooling coil 5/8” & 26 feet

a. Compressor: Through the suction valve, the compressor draws in the low temperature and low pressure vapour refrigerant from the evaporator, where it is compressed to a high temperature and pressure.

Specifications of Compressor

• Model KCN411LAG
• Serial No KOK-962355
• Oil 13 POE
• Volts 230
• Phase 1
• Freq (Hz) 50
• Make Emerson Climate Technologies (India) Ltd

b. Condenser: In the coils of pipe that make up the condenser, the high pressure and temperature vapour refrigerant is cooled and condensed. As it moves through the condenser, the refrigerant dissipates its latent heat into the surrounding air. condensing substance In the experiment, a typical spiral condenser is employed.Specifications of Condenser

• Size (mm) 0.79&1.12
• Coil MOC Copper
• Length 10 foot each
• Coil-1 (OD ) 64 MM
• Coil-2 (OD) 70 MM
• Pitch 15 MM

c. Capillary Tube: One of the most often utilised throttling mechanisms in air conditioning and refrigeration systems is the capillary tube. The capillary tube is a copper tube that has a very small internal diameter, a very long length, and is wound around itself numerous times to take up less room. Domestic air conditioners, deep freezers, water coolers, and refrigerators all employ capillary tubes as throttling devices.Specifications of capillary tube Size (mm) 0.79- 1.12

• Coil MOC Copper
• Length 10 foot each
• Coil-1 (OD ) 64 MM
• Coil-2 (OD) 70 MM
• Pitch 15 MM

D. Formula to be Used

Energy tests were conducted to calculate the COP in this experiment by comparing the power consumed by the heater to the power consumed by the compressor.

COP = kWh of power consumed by heater kwh of power consumed by compressor System after Construction and Basic cycle of VCRS

III. FUTURE SCOPES

In the near future, nanotechnology will play a major role in the refrigeration industry. As a result, there are many nanorefrigerants, nanolubricants, and maybe even new nano-based innovations. Using nanotechnology, some future work in the refrigeration industry should still be possible:

1. By combining unique nanoparticles with various combinations of refrigerants and their mixtures, new types of nanorefrigerants may be made.
2. The applicability of nanoparticles should be specifically examined for use with eco-friendly refrigerants that have lower potential for ozone depletion and global warming.
3. Very little research has been done to yet about the differences in properties when nanoparticles are used with any key refrigerant, therefore it's a need a thorough explanation.

Conclusion

Another VCRS arrangement was used in this trial study, and despite having exceptional details regarding its blower type, evaporator shape, size, length of copper tubes used in it, measurement of copper tubes, type of condenser, number of turns in it, length of cylinder and limit of that particular condenser, and type of extension valve used, it was still evident that the results were also exceptional. My primary responsibility was to set up VCRS as flawlessly as possible in order to complete the postulation and the attempt to make it a success, which I accomplished with extraordinary sincerity and care. When everything was complete, the test was launched by first integrating the COP and R134a refrigerant into the framework. The process by which we obtained the results is very clearly explained in sections 4 and 5. The framework was developed by using the energy usage tests. When nanorefrigerants were used in the VCRS framework, a similar approach was used, and finally the results were examined. The theory\'s declaration of results and its commitments are condensed after focusing on: 1) When nanorefrigerants were included in the VCRS experimental setup instead of merely R134a refrigerants, COP was increased. 2) Using 0.4 gram CuO nanoparticles resulted in an abrupt increase in COP as compared to using 0.6 gram and 0.8 gram, which had a reasonable multiplication rate. 3) A precise improvement of 11.1 percent was noticed when nanorefrigerant was used. R134a was combined with 0.4 gram of TiO2 at evaporator temperatures of 20, 25, and 30 degrees Celsius. Utilizing nanorefrigerants caused the condenser temperature decrease to increase, and nanoparticle fixation caused it to continue increasing. The refrigerant R134a was encapsulated in a 0.8 gram nanoparticle to provide the best results.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Akash Pawar , Dr. M. K. Sagar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.