Computer Network

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of computer networking, covering fundamental concepts and modern advancements. It explores core networking principles, including models, architectures, and essential layers. Emphasising contemporary trends, it delves into topics like network security (Zero Trust Architecture, AI/ML), Software-Defined Networking (SDN), IoT security challenges, 5G and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), network performance optimisation, Big Data analytics, and eco-friendly networking strategies. Aimed at students, researchers, and professionals, this overview serves as a valuable resource for understanding both foundational principles and cutting-edge developments in networking.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Computer networking forms the bedrock of global communication and information exchange in our digitally connected world. This paper comprehensively explores networking, spanning fundamental principles and contemporary advancements.

Beginning with an overview of core networking concepts, including models, architectures, and essential layers, this paper navigates through the evolving landscape of modern networking. From heightened cybersecurity concerns to the emergence of innovative technologies like

Software-defined networking (SDN), IoT integration, 5G networks, and sustainability-driven solutions, this exploration serves as a guide for students, researchers, and practitioners seeking insights into the dynamic realm of computer networking.

A. Fundamentals of Computer NetworkingTop of Form

1) Definition, Need, and Applications

Computer networks refer to interconnected systems enabling data sharing and communication between devices. They facilitate resource sharing, efficient communication, and remote access.

The need for computer networks arises from the demand to share resources, facilitate rapid data transfer, enhance communication, and ensure reliability through redundancy.

Applications include business collaboration, communication tools (email, video conferencing), education platforms, entertainment (online gaming, streaming), research collaboration, and infrastructure management in smart cities and IoT setups.

2) Classification Of Networks

• LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small geographical area like an office, building, or campus. Usually, they are privately owned and offer high data transfer rates.
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Spans a city or a large campus, connecting multiple LANs.
• WAN (Wide Area Network): Encompasses a broad geographical area, often connecting multiple cities or countries. The internet is the largest WAN, providing global connectivity.

3) Network Architecture: Client-Server, Peer-to-Peer

• Client-Server: Follows a centralised model where servers provide resources or services to clients (devices) upon request. It's common in business environments.

II. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express sincere gratitude to the dedicated minds and collaborative efforts shaping the realm of computer networking. Our appreciation extends to the researchers, educators, and practitioners whose contributions drive the evolution of networking technologies. Special thanks to the trailblazers, whose vision and innovation pave the way for transformative advancements, enabling us to navigate the ever-expanding horizons of networked connectivity

Conclusion

In conclusion, computer networking stands as the backbone of modern global communication, embodying a dynamic amalgamation of foundational principles and cutting-edge innovations. From the essential frameworks and architectures to the emergence of groundbreaking technologies, this exploration elucidates the intricate tapestry of connectivity that defines our digital landscape. As networks evolve, embracing transformative paradigms such as Software-defined Networking (SDN), IoT integration, and sustainability-driven solutions becomes pivotal, shaping a future where networks are not just efficient but also adaptable and secure.

References

Books [1] \"Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach\" by James F. Kurose and Keith W. Ross [2] \"Computer Networks\" by Andrew S. Tanenbaum and David J. Wetherall [3] \"TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols\" by W. Richard Stevens [4] \"Blockchain Basics: A Non-Technical Introduction in 25 Steps\" by Daniel Drescher [5] \"Edge Computing: A Primer\" by Hsinchun Chen and George F. Luger [6] \"5G NR: The Next Generation Wireless Access Technology\" by Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, and Johan Skold Websites [1] Cisco Networking Academy - Networking Basics [2] NetworkWorld - Networking & Security Section [3] IEEE Xplore Digital Library [4] Cloudflare Blog [5] The Linux Foundation

Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Drashti Gudhka. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.