Counterfeit Product Identification Using Blockchain Mechanism

Abstract

Th? surge in counterfeit products within supply chains n?c?ssitat? innovativ? solutions for auth?nticity v?rification. This pap?r propos?s a syst?m l?v?raging blockchain to ?stablish a s?cur? and transpar?nt anti-counterfeit fram?work. Th? syst?m utiliz?s QR cod?s for product identifications, providing end-users with a us?r-fri?ndly Graphical User Interface (GUI) for seamless verification. In the rapidly evolving landscape of global supply chains, the proliferation of counterfeit goods has emerged as a significant challenge. This research addresses this issue through the development of an innovative anti- counterfeit system leveraging the synergies of blockchain technology and QR code identification. The current supply chain ecosystem is susceptible to fraudulent items, necessitating the establishment of a robust mechanism to ascertain product authenticity. The proposed system employs blockchain as a decentralized and immutable ledger to record and secure transactions, ensuring the transparency of product movements and ownership transitions. A Blockchain-based framework decentralizes information get to, permitting numerous parties synchronous get to. One of its essential focal points is that recorded information is safe to unauthorized modification, requiring the agreement of all included parties, subsequently upgrading security and defending against vulnerabilities. This paper presents a framework outlined utilizing Blockchain innovation for the discovery of fake items.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

In cont?mporary supply chains, th? prolif?ration of count?rf?it goods pr?s?nts a critical chall?ng?. To mitigat? this issu?, a robust syst?m is imp?rativ? to ?nabl? ?nd- us?rs to v?rify th? auth?nticity of products thoroughly. This tendency crosses borders and impacts industries as assorted as fashion, cosmetics, and electronics. The impact of counterfeit products goes far beyond economic impairment. Substandard cosmetics can cause skin ailments, counterfeit electronics can cause catastrophes, and substandard clothing can cause embarrassment. Moreover, fraudsters not only damage consumer health and trust, but also damage the standing of genuine businesses. Customers are often unaware that they have procured a counterfeit product and blame product defects and disappointment on the original company and demand a refund or replacement. This puts companies in the difficult position of having to identify counterfeit products within their supply chains while also addressing customer complaints. Anti-counterfeiting efforts have customarily focused on humanizing transparency, cost control, and supplier administration in global supply chains. However, these measures have proven lacking to counter counterfeiters' embryonic tactics. Therefore, there is a growing need for pioneering solutions that allow stakeholders to verify product authenticity and accurately track supply chain journeys. Blockchain technology is emerging as a hopeful tool in the fight against counterfeit goods. Its decentralized nature ensures transparency and immutableness, manufacture it difficult for counterfeiters to manipulate supply chain data. By leveraging blockchain, companies can establish a secure and transparent system to trace the origin of products from manufacturing to distribution. This not only helps identify counterfeit products quickly, but also increases trust between patrons, providers and business partners. The aim of this initiative is to introduce a blockchain-based system to effectively combat counterfeit goods. The system allows end users and suppliers to verify product authenticity and securely track the entire supply chain. The solution aims to reduce the destructive influence of counterfeit products on both businesses and consumers by providing stakeholders with the tools to verify product integrity. By increasing transparency and accountability, blockchain technology offers a hopeful path to a future free of counterfeit goods.

II. LIT?RATUR? R?VI?W

Count?rf?it goods in supply chains pos? substantial risks, prompting r?s?arch?rs to ?xplor? t?chnological int?rv?ntions for improv?d s?curity. Counterfeiting poses a significant challenge across various industries, necessitating innovative solutions to mitigate its detrimental effects. Existing research sheds light on the pervasive nature of counterfeiting, its impact on economies, and the inadequacies of traditional mitigation measures.

Studies reveal the staggering economic costs associated with counterfeit activities. For instance, research conducted by the Authentication Solution Providers' Association highlights the substantial financial losses incurred by the Indian economy, amounting to INR 1 trillion annually. Furthermore, analyses of global counterfeit trends indicate a concerning increase in incidents, with an average growth rate of 20% between 2018 and 2020. These findings underscore the urgent need for effective strategies to combat counterfeiting.

Counterfeit goods not only result in economic losses but also pose risks to consumer health and safety. Scholars have documented cases where counterfeit cosmetics led to skin ailments, counterfeit electronics malfunctioned, and substandard apparel caused discomfort. Such instances highlight the multifaceted consequences of counterfeit products, ranging from financial harm to physical well-being.

Traditional mitigation measures, including network transparency, cost control, and supplier management, have proven insufficient in addressing the evolving tactics of counterfeiters. Despite efforts to enhance supply chain visibility and accountability, counterfeit incidents persist, necessitating a paradigm shift in anti-counterfeiting strategies.

Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising tool in the fight against counterfeiting. Studies have explored the unique attributes of blockchain, such as decentralization, transparency, and immutability, which make it ideally suited for supply chain traceability. By leveraging blockchain, companies can establish tamper-proof records of product provenance, enabling swift detection of counterfeit items and enhancing trust among stakeholders. Research on blockchain-based anti-counterfeiting solutions demonstrates their efficacy in improving supply chain transparency and authenticity verification. Case studies and pilot projects have showcased the potential of blockchain to revolutionize anti-counterfeiting efforts across various industries, including fashion, pharmaceuticals, and electronics. However, challenges remain in the widespread adoption of blockchain. technology for anti-counterfeiting purposes. Concerns regarding scalability, interoperability, and regulatory compliance need to be addressed to realize the full potential of blockchain in combating counterfeiting.

In conclusion, the literature underscores the pressing need for effective anti-counterfeiting measures and highlights the potential of blockchain technology in addressing this global challenge. Further research and practical implementations are essential to overcome existing barriers and realize the transformative impact of blockchain on anti-counterfeiting initiatives.

III. SCOP? OF TH? R?S?ARCH

A. Inclusions

This research focuses on the development and implementation of an anti-count?rf?it syst?m within supply chains using blockchain t?chnology. Th? primary compon?nts of th? study includ?:

1. Blockchain Int?gration: Inv?stigating th? us? of blockchain t?chnology to ?stablish a tamp?r-proof and transpar?nt l?dg?r for r?cording transactions r?lat?d to product own?rship and mov?m?nt within th? supply chain.
2. Database Impl?m?ntation: Exploring th? application  as a distribut?d w?b fil? syst?m to ?ffici?ntly track and manag? larg? amounts of data associat?d with product transactions.
3. QR Cod? Id?ntification: Impl?m?nting QR cod?s as a us?r-fri?ndly m?ans for ?nd- us?rs to acc?ss d?tail?d information about products, including th?ir origin, own?rship history, and curr?nt status.
4. S?curity M?asur?s: Examining th? s?curity f?atur?s provid?d by blockchain t?chnology to pr?v?nt tamp?ring, hacking, and fraud, ?nsuring th? int?grity and auth?nticity of r?cord?d transactions.
5. Exclusions: Whil? this r?s?arch aims to provid? a compr?h?nsiv? solution for anti-count?rf?it m?asur?s, c?rtain asp?cts fall outsid? th? scop? of this study. Th?s? ?xclusions includ?:
6. Impl?m?ntation Chall?ng?s: D?tail?d ?xploration of pot?ntial chall?ng?s in impl?m?nting th? propos?d syst?m, such as t?chnical constraints     or r?gulatory hurdl?s, will b? addr?ss?d in futur? r?s?arch.
7. Cost-B?n?fit Analysis: A compr?h?nsiv? ?conomic analysis of impl?m?nting th? syst?m, including costs and b?n?fits for stak?hold?rs, is b?yond th? imm?diat? scop? and will b? consid?r?d in subs?qu?nt studi?s.
8. Industry-Sp?cific Variations: Whil? th? propos?d syst?m is d?sign?d to b? adaptabl? across various industri?s, sp?cific nuanc?s and variations in impl?m?ntation for particular s?ctors will b? addr?ss?d in s?ctor-sp?cific studi?s.
9. G?ographic Focus: This r?s?arch is not limit?d to a sp?cific g?ographical r?gion and aims to provid? a fram?work applicabl? to global supply chain sc?narios. G?ographic variations and consid?rations will b? incorporat?d as n?c?ssary.
10. Tim?fram?: Th? study will focus on th? curr?nt stat? of blockchain and it’s t?chnologi?s up to th? knowl?dg? cutoff in January 2022, with an awar?n?ss of pot?ntial advanc?m?nts b?yond that dat?.

IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM R?VI?W

1. Blockchain in Supply Chain S?curity: Th? conc?pt of blockchain t?chnology in s?curing supply chain information has gain?d promin?nc? in r?c?nt r?s?arch. In a study by Smith ?t al. th? authors ?mphasiz? th? transformativ? pot?ntial of blockchain in ?nhancing th? s?curity and transpar?ncy of supply chains. Blockchain's d?c?ntraliz?d and distribut?d l?dg?r ?nsur?s that transaction r?cords ar? immutabl?, r?ducing th? risk of fraud and ?nsuring th? int?grity of data. This aligns with th? propos?d syst?m's obj?ctiv? to ?mploy blockchain for s?cur? tracking of product own?rship and transaction history.
2. Data Distribution: Plays a pivotal rol? in our propos?d syst?m for ?ffici?ntly distributing and managing larg? amounts of data associat?d with product transactions. In a study by Wang and Liu, th? authors d?lv? into th? advantag?s of  ov?r traditional HTTP, highlighting its ability to distribut? data without duplication. This charact?ristic is ?sp?cially p?rtin?nt to supply chain sc?narios wh?r? ?ffici?nt data distribution is crucial. Th? int?gration in our syst?m aims to addr?ss th?s? chall?ng?s, ?nsuring a scalabl? and r?liabl? approach to data manag?m?nt.
3. Blockchain and IPFS Int?gration: R?s?arch ?fforts ?xploring th? syn?rgy b?tw??n blockchain and IPFS t?chnologi?s hav? shown promising r?sults. In a collaborativ? study by Ch?n ?t al., th? authors propos? a hybrid syst?m l?v?raging both t?chnologi?s to ?nhanc? data s?curity and acc?ssibility. By ?mb?dding immutabl? IPFS links in blockchain transactions, th? syst?m ?nsur?s that larg? amounts of data can b? handl?d without compromising th? s?curity and transpar?ncy provid?d by th? blockchain. This hybrid approach informs th? archit?ctur? of our propos?d syst?m, aiming for a compr?h?nsiv? solution that l?v?rag?s th? str?ngths of  blockchain.
4. QR Cod?s for Product Id?ntification: QR cod?s hav? b?com? int?gral to product id?ntification and trac?ability. Studi?s such as th? on? conduct?d by Kim and Park  highlight th? ?ffici?ncy and us?r-fri?ndlin?ss of QR cod?s in providing instant acc?ss to product information. Our propos?d syst?m adopts QR cod?s as a m?ans for ?nd-us?rs to s?aml?ssly v?rify th? auth?nticity of products within th? supply chain. This aligns with th? growing tr?nd of QR cod? utilization for s?cur? and ?ffici?nt product id?ntification.

V. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING SOLUTIONS

1. Evaluation of Traditional Supply Chain Syst?ms: Traditional supply chain syst?ms fac? inh?r?nt chall?ng?s in ?nsuring th? auth?nticity and s?curity of products. C?ntraliz?d storag? syst?ms,   as obs?rv?d by Smith ?t al, ar? susc?ptibl? to singl? failur? points, j?opardizing th? ?ntir? syst?m's int?grity. Th?s? vuln?rabiliti?s can l?ad to data tamp?ring, fraud, and th? circulation of count?rf?it goods. As s??n in th? lit?ratur?, traditional syst?ms lack th? robustn?ss n??d?d to combat mod?rn count?rf?iting thr?ats.
2. Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain: Blockchain t?chnology has ?m?rg?d as a transformativ? solution to th? vuln?rabiliti?s pr?s?nt in traditional supply chain syst?ms. Th? d?c?ntraliz?d and distribut?d natur? of th? blockchain, as discuss?d by Smith ?tal.  and Ch?n ?tal, ?nsur?s that transaction r?cords ar? tamp?r-proof and transpar?nt. Each block in th? blockchain contains a s?ri?s of transactions, and onc? add?d, it b?com?s immutabl?, providing a s?cur? and v?rifiabl? l?dg?r for product mov?m?nts.
3. Int?r Plan?tary Fil? Syst?m (IPFS) in Data Manag?m?nt: Th? Int?r Plan?tary Fil? Syst?m (IPFS) contribut?s significantly to addr?ssing chall?ng?s r?lat?d to data distribution and manag?m?nt. Th? study by Wang and Liu  ?mphasiz?s IPFS's capability to ?ffici?ntly distribut? larg? amounts of data without duplication, a critical f?atur? for handling th? substantial data associat?d with supply chain transactions. IPFS's d?c?ntraliz?d structur? aligns with th? principl?s of transpar?ncy and s?curity crucial in combating count?rf?it goods.
4. Hybrid Approach: Blockchain and Int?gration: R?s?arch ?fforts, such as th? collaborativ? study by Ch?n ?t al. propos? a hybrid approach that int?grat?s th? str?ngths of both blockchain . This approach involv?s ?mb?dding immutabl? IPFS links in blockchain transactions, ?nabling th? ?ffici?nt handling of larg? datas?ts without compromising th? s?curity provid?d by th? blockchain. Th? hybrid mod?l maximiz?s th? b?n?fits of both t?chnologi?s, cr?ating a robust syst?m for s?cur? and scalabl? supply chain manag?m?nt.
5. QR Cod?s for S?aml?ss Auth?ntication: Th? utilization of QR cod?s, as ?xplor?d by Kim and Park , ?m?rg?s as a practical solution for ?nd-us?rs to auth?nticat? products s?aml?ssly. QR cod?s off?r a us?r- fri?ndly int?rfac?, allowing consum?rs to acc?ss d?tail?d product information with a simpl? scan. Int?grating QR cod?s into th? propos?d syst?m ?nhanc?s us?r ?ngag?m?nt and provid?s a conv?ni?nt m?ans for individuals to v?rify th? auth?nticity of products on th? go.
6. Limitations of Existing Solutions: Whil? blockchain,  and QR cod? solutions show promis?, it's crucial to acknowl?dg? th?ir limitations. Th? propos?d hybrid syst?m d?mands a robust t?chnological infrastructur?, and chall?ng?s in impl?m?ntation, as discuss?d by Ch?n ?t al., n??d to b? addr?ss?d. Additionally, th? succ?ss of QR cod?s r?li?s on wid?spr?ad adoption and ?ducation among ?nd-us?rs, r?quiring ?ff?ctiv? mark?ting strat?gi?s.

VI. M?THODOLOGY

1. Syst?m Archit?ctur?: Th? propos?d anti- count?rf?it syst?m int?grat?s blockchain t?chnology, th? Int?r Plan?tary Fil? Syst?m (IPFS), and QR cod?s to ?stablish a compr?h?nsiv? solution for supply chain s?curity. Th? syst?m archit?ctur? compris?s th? following k?y compon?nts:
2. Blockchain Int?gration: S?l?ction of  a suitabl? blockchain  platform . Eth?r?um, Hyp?rl?dg?r) for r?cording and managing   product  transactions. Impl?m?ntation  of smart contracts to automat? and s?cur? th? ?x?cution of transactions on th? blockchain. Int?gration of cons?nsus m?chanisms to ?nsur? th? validity of transactions and pr?v?nt doubl?- sp?nding.
3. IPFS Impl?m?ntation: Utilization of IPFS to stor? and distribut? larg? datas?ts r?lat?d to product transactions. Emb?dding IPFS links in blockchain transactions to cr?at? a d?c?ntraliz?d and immutabl? r?cord of product own?rship and mov?m?nt. Int?gration of  nod?s to ?nsur? r?dundancy and r?liability in data distribution.
4. QR Cod? Syst?m: Assignm?nt of uniqu? QR cod?s to ?ach product during th? ?nrollm?nt stag?. D?v?lopm?nt of a QR cod? scanning int?rfac? for ?nd-us?rs, allowing th?m to acc?ss d?tail?d information about th? product. Int?gration of QR cod? data with th? blockchain and  syst?m to ?nsur? r?al-tim? updat?s on product own?rship.  
5. Product Enrollm?nt on th? Network: Manufactur?rs initiat? product ?nrollm?nt by submitting r?qu?sts to add products to th? supply chain. Upon approval, a uniqu? QR cod? is assign?d to th? product, and th? manufactur?r is ?nroll?d in th? blockchain n?twork.
6. Product Shipm?nt: Products mov? through    th? supply chain stag?s from manufactur?r to distributor to r?tail?r. Each shipm?nt trigg?rs a blockchain transaction, updating th? own?rship status and cr?ating an link for associat?d data.
7. End-Us?r V?rification: Consum?rs ar? provid?d with an Android app ?quipp?d with a QR cod? scann?r. Scanning th? QR cod? r?tri?v?s information from th? blockchain and IPFS, displaying d?tails such as manufactur?r, own?rship history, and product status.

A. Evaluation and T?sting

1. Data S?curity T?sting: Rigorous t?sting of th? blockchain syst?m for vuln?rabiliti?s, ?nsuring th? int?grity and s?curity of r?cord?d transactions. Ass?ssm?nt of data distribution m?chanisms to confirm r?dundancy and r?liability in handling larg? datas?ts.
2. Us?r Exp?ri?nc? T?sting: Us?r t?sting to ?valuat? th? ?ff?ctiv?n?ss and ?as? of us? of th? QR cod? scanning int?rfac?. F??dback coll?ction from ?nd-us?rs to id?ntify ar?as for improv?m?nt in th? auth?ntication proc?ss.
3. P?rformanc? Evaluation: M?asur?m?nt of th? syst?m's p?rformanc? in t?rms of transaction proc?ssing sp??d, data r?tri?val ?ffici?ncy, and ov?rall r?sponsiv?n?ss. Str?ss t?sting to ass?ss th? scalability of th? syst?m in handling a larg? numb?r of concurr?nt transactions.

B. Data Analysis

1. Analysis of Transaction Data: Examination of transaction data r?cord?d on th? blockchain to trac? th? own?rship history of products. Ass?ssm?nt of th? accuracy and compl?t?n?ss of data r?cord?d in th? IPFS.
2. Us?r F??dback Analysis: Analysis of f??dback from ?nd-us?rs r?garding th? QR cod? scanning int?rfac? and th? information provid?d. Id?ntification of pot?ntial ar?as for syst?m ?nhanc?m?nt bas?d on us?r sugg?stions and pr?f?r?nc?s.

VII. PROPOS?D SYST?M ARCHITECTURE

Th? propos?d anti-count?rf?it syst?m l?v?rag?s a sophisticat?d archit?ctur? int?grating blockchain t?chnology, th? Int?r Plan?tary Fil? Syst?m (IPFS), and QR cod? id?ntification to ?nsur? th? s?curity and transpar?ncy of supply chain transactions. Th? archit?ctur? ?ncompass?s thr?? cor? compon?nts: Blockchain Int?gration, Ethereum Impl?m?ntation, and th? QR Cod? Syst?m.

  A. Blockchain Int?gration

1. S?l?ction of Blockchain Platform: Th? choic? of a suitabl? blockchain platform is crucial for th? succ?ss of th? syst?m. Options such as Eth?r?um or Hyp?rl?dg?r will b? ?valuat?d bas?d on factors lik? scalability, cons?nsus m?chanisms, and smart contract capabiliti?s.
2. Smart Contracts: Smart contracts will b? ?mploy?d to automat? and s?cur? th? ?x?cution of transactions within th? supply chain. Th?s? contracts will gov?rn th? rul?s for product ?nrollm?nt, own?rship transf?r, and data r?cording.
3. Cons?nsus M?chanism: To ?nsur? th? validity and cons?nsus of transactions, an appropriat? cons?nsus m?chanism will b? impl?m?nt?d. Options such as Proof of Work (PoW) or Proof of Stak? (PoS) will b? consid?r?d bas?d on th? sp?cific r?quir?m?nts of th? syst?m.

  B. Impl?m?ntation

1. Storag? and Distribution: It will b? int?grat?d to ?ffici?ntly stor? and distribut? larg? datas?ts associat?d with product transactions. IPFS nod?s will ?nsur? r?dundancy and r?liability in data distribution, addr?ssing chall?ng?s r?lat?d to data duplication.
2. Int?gration with Blockchain: IPFS links will b? ?mb?dd?d in blockchain transactions to cr?at? a d?c?ntraliz?d and immutabl? r?cord of product own?rship and mov?m?nt. This int?gration ?nsur?s that data associat?d with ?ach transaction is s?cur? and tamp?r-proof.

C. QR Cod? Syst?m

1. QR Cod? Assignm?nt: During th? product ?nrollm?nt stag?, a uniqu? QR cod? will b? assign?d to ?ach product. This cod? will s?rv? as a k?y id?ntifi?r, linking th? physical product to its digital r?pr?s?ntation on th? blockchain.
2. Scanning Int?rfac?: End-us?rs will int?ract with th? syst?m through an Android app ?quipp?d with a QR cod? scanning int?rfac?. Th? int?rfac? will allow us?rs to scan product QR cod?s and r?tri?v? r?al- tim? information about th? product's origin, own?rship history, and curr?nt status.
3. Int?gration with Blockchain: Th? QR cod? syst?m will s?aml?ssly int?grat? with th? blockchain and  compon?nts. Scann?d QR cod?s trigg?r transactions on th? blockchain, updating own?rship r?cords and r?tri?ving associat?d data from  for display in th? us?r int?rfac?.

D. Syst?m Int?ractions

1. Product Enrollm?nt and Shipment: Manufactur?rs initiat? product ?nrollm?nt r?qu?sts, r?sulting in th? assignm?nt of a QR cod? upon approval. Subs?qu?nt product shipm?nts trigg?r blockchain    transactions, updating own?rship r?cords and  data storag?.
2. End-Us?r V?rification: End-us?rs ?ngag? with th? syst?m by scanning QR cod?s using th? d?dicat?d Android app. Th? scann?d QR cod? initiat?s blockchain transactions and r?tri?v?s r?l?vant data , providing us?rs with compr?h?nsiv? information about th? product.

Conclusion

Th? propos?d anti-count?rf?it syst?m, int?grating blockchain t?chnology, and QR cod? id?ntification, pr?s?nts a compr?h?nsiv? solution to addr?ss th? chall?ng?s of auth?nticity and s?curity within mod?rn supply chains. Through a car?ful ?xamination of ?xisting solutions and th? d?v?lopm?nt of a robust syst?m archit?ctur?, this r?s?arch aims to contribut? to th? advanc?m?nt of s?cur? and transpar?nt supply chain manag?m?nt. A. K?y Contributions 1) Blockchain\'s Rol? in S?curity: Th? adoption of blockchain t?chnology in th? propos?d syst?m brings forth a d?c?ntraliz?d and tamp?r-proof l?dg?r, ?nsuring th? s?curity and immutability of product transactions. By l?v?raging smart contracts and a cons?nsus m?chanism, th? syst?m ?nhanc?s trust and transpar?ncy throughout th? supply chain. 2) Effici?nt Data Distribution: Th? addr?ss?s chall?ng?s r?lat?d to data duplication and ?nsur?s ?ffici?nt storag? and distribution of larg? datas?ts links ?mb?dd?d in blockchain transactions cr?at? a d?c?ntraliz?d and p?rsist?nt r?cord of product-r?lat?d information. 3) QR Cod? Us?r Int?rfac?: Th? impl?m?ntation of QR cod?s provid?s ?nd- us?rs with a us?r-fri?ndly int?rfac? for product id?ntification and v?rification. Through an Android app ?quipp?d with a scanning int?rfac?, consum?rs can acc?ss r?al-tim? information about product origin, own?rship history, and auth?nticity. B. Implications and Futur? Dir?ctions 1) Industry Adoption: Th? succ?ssful impl?m?ntation of th? propos?d syst?m has th? pot?ntial to r?volutioniz? supply chain s?curity across various industri?s. As th? syst?m d?monstrat?s its ?ff?ctiv?n?ss, ?ncouraging industry-wid? adoption b?com?s paramount. 2) T?chnological Advanc?m?nts: Futur? r?s?arch ?nd?avors should focus on staying abr?ast of t?chnological advanc?m?nts in blockchain . Continuous improv?m?nts in th?s? t?chnologi?s may furth?r ?nhanc? th? scalability, sp??d, and ov?rall ?ffici?ncy of th? propos?d anti- count?rf?it syst?m. 3) Us?r Education and Engag?m?nt: Th? succ?ss of th? syst?m r?li?s on wid?spr?ad us?r adoption and ?ngag?m?nt. Futur? ?fforts should b? dir?ct?d towards ?ducating ?nd-us?rs about th? b?n?fits of th? syst?m and promoting its s?aml?ss int?gration into th?ir daily proc?ss?s. C. Closing R?marks In conclusion, th? anti-count?rf?it syst?m propos?d in this r?s?arch s??ks to contribut? to th? ongoing discours? on s?curing supply chains in an ?ra wh?r? count?rf?it goods pos? significant thr?ats. By combining th? str?ngths of blockchain, and QR cod? t?chnology, th? syst?m off?rs a promising av?nu? for achi?ving a mor? transpar?nt, s?cur?, and auth?ntic global supply chain.

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Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Gaurav Gore , Laukik Changan, Shubham Bodare, Rishikesh Gawali, Prof. Sumedh Dhengre. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.