Dark Side of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Humans must be cautious of both the present and possible issues with AI. Such issues aren\'t the issues of the tinfoil hat crowd. According to Stephen Hawking, the influence of AI could be devastating until its implementation is carefully and morally regulated. Artificial intelligence is far more hazardous than nuclear weapons as stated by Elon Musk. Lots of the world\'s brightest and greatest forward-thinking minds are worried regarding the negative side of AI, therefore it\'s worth investigating. One major and urgent worry is a rise in unemployment. According to the Brookings Institute, 36 million jobs might be in danger since they are comprised of extremely repeatable work that technology using AI could accomplish. White-collar jobs aren\'t resistant to technology, however. And when robots improve in dexterity, they will be able to perform additional activities.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

One exception however is that throughout the industrial revolution, and even before that, some occupations have always been threatened by technical upgrades. Generally, improvement leads to the creation of new jobs. But yet to be seen, if this probably applies for AI ("The Dark Side of Artificial Intelligence”).

In the present world AI (artificial intelligence) is growing more and stronger. According to PwC, Artificial Intelligence may potentially generate around $15.7 trillion to the world economy by 2030, which is far more than China and India's total GDP currently. Technology will eventually be ubiquitous, from domestic gadgets to our financial, judicial, and legal institutions.

A. Negative Impact of AI

In the present world, artificial intelligence is performing a wonderful task and has proved to be a boon for the modern world however when it is good there is something bad hidden. With the positive impact of artificial intelligence, there is some unavoidable negative influence also. As soon as we start discussing the negative influences of artificial intelligence it would be better and would help to fight the negative influences better. The great scientist from the Physics field Stephen Hawking has warned the world about AI that it is not clear that the construction of an effective AI system which is one of the biggest achievements in the history of our civilization is a success or a worst-case scenario. Humans don't know whether the system they have created will be helpful to them or they would be ignored and side-lined and finally destroyed by it.

To deal with the negative influence of artificial intelligence, we must know what are those negative influences are full stopped some of the negative influences which seem important are discussed below:

1. Bias in AI: As algorithm of the artificial intelligence is constructed by human beings the human may intentionally or unintentionally introduce some bias in the system which cannot be detected by AI by self. Artificial intelligence algorithms are constructed with bias or they have the program sets. Biased, it is obvious that they will produce results that will be biased in nature. Such a type of practice may lead to consequences that are not intended for making the right results. Several types of things have happened in the past such as discrimination in recruiting a logarithm and Microsoft's Twitter Chabot that became racist. It is a matter of responsibility for the companies which are building the items they need to develop the AI algorithm with full vigilance so that no bias is seen in the results.
2. Unemployment Rise: AI will take the jobs of many as it could replace their work with machines however it is argued that employment creation would be progressed with the help of artificial intelligence. People anticipate that artificial intelligence will increase employment and even if it does not increase employment it would arrange the same number of jobs that would have been lost due to the replacement with artificial intelligence. They would be some job that people will perform and machine will take over them in future. This will necessitate modifications to training and education initiatives to better equip our upcoming employees, as well as assisting present employees in transitioning to new professions that will use their unique human qualities.
3. Change in Human Experience: The human time off work would be significantly reduced when AI will take their duties. However, these talks of leisure time from work seem to be imaginative but it is possible as AI takes over human duties. The free time that humans would get from the replacement of AI would need to be invested in the right place to feel that human life has any purpose. This would be required to feel the same social and mental benefits that the jobs used to provide humans. However, this might prove very easy to some while very difficult to others. When AI will take over human duties there would be some financial consideration as humans used to have salaries for their work. The economic advantages of enhanced efficiency are very obvious on company profit-loss accounts, but the net gains to society and individual beings are a little hazier.
4. Worldwide Rules and Laws: The world is a smaller place for technological advancement taking place. As advancement in technology is reaching new heights day by day the AI Technology would require some rules and regulations that would allow legal and effective interaction among the governments and various organizations around the world. As the world is globalized presently and no one is very far from each other the consequences taking place in a country directly or indirectly affect the others around the globe. In the same consideration, artificial intelligence in one country can positively or adversely affect the other. These consequences are currently being watched around the globe such as in Europe where the nation has adopted a transparent approach for the regulation of artificial intelligence while the nation like the United State of America and China have given much more liberty to companies using artificial intelligence
5. Increased Hacking: Artificial intelligence accelerates what could be achieved and, in numerous circumstances, outpaces our abilities as humans to keep up. Through automated processes, malicious behaviors such as phishing, virus transmission to software, including availing exploitation of AI systems because of how they perceive the world may be hard for humans to detect unless there is a genuine problem to cope with.
6. Use as Terror Activity: Moreover, there may be new AI-enabled forms of terror to contend with, such as the growth of automated drones as well as the deployment of robotic swarms, and also remote attacks or disease transmission via Nanorobots. The legal administration and security agencies would require coping with the possible danger that this poses. This will require patience and substantial human understanding to decide the finest approach to plan for a world tomorrow with even more artificial intelligence capabilities to guarantee that, while there is the possibility of negative consequences with wider adoption, they are minimized to the greatest extent possible.

B.  The dark side of AI: value Co-Destruction

To acknowledge that value co-creation is not always beneficial, the idea of value co-destruction has gained traction in the business literature (Echeverri & Sklén, 2011). Plé and Chumpitaz Cáceres (2010) contend that value might be reduced when there are disparities among sources and activities, or between individuals. According to the latest tourist research, a variety of value formulations are taking place. Camilleri and Neuhofer (2017) discovered, for example, that value can be co-created, co-recovered, co-reduced, and co-destroyed in a sharing economy framework. Meanwhile, Sigala (2017) investigated the co-destruction of value inside Tripadvisor-based service systems. The Latest AI research has shown several significant drawbacks. These factors span from employment loss to privacy problems, machine morality, security risks, as well as negative superintelligence advancements. Ivanov et al., (2017), Buhalis et al., (2020), and all recognized adverse elements of tourism. These include worries about consumer information privacy as well as security, the potential loss of social contacts between visitors during respective encounters, as well as technological limits that might lead to dissatisfied workers as well as consumers. Despite numerous researches have highlighted the broad difficulties concerning AI application in the tourism industry, a more specific comprehension of the influence of AI on visitor experiences is still lacking.

C.  From the Status quo to the Future of AI

Following upon a thorough analysis of the literature, it's indeed clear that the most of investigations on AI in tourist research have concentrated on the current status of AI and its potential applications. Despite the existence of work highlighting hypothetical future situations and their repercussions (e.g. Yeoman, 2012), the number of studies in this field remains comparatively limited. More crucially, if AI development proceeds, a status quo perspective will no longer be sufficient. It is critical to investigate several scenarios for how AI will affect future tourism experiences. Figure 1 summarises existing areas and instances of AI in tourism, as well as under-researched areas of AI in tourist study, as a reference for this paper. To overcome research gaps, this paper aims to assist in the further development of Artificial intelligence in tourism locations by using a co-creation or co-destruction lens to comprehensively grasp the harsh as well as good aspects of AI in tourist location experiences Grundner, L., & Neuhofer, B. (2021).

Conclusion

So AI can be a power of human for future or can be wapon which will destroy the world. Every technology have pros and cons also. As human develops new robots day to day the man power dereases same.

References

[1] Echeverri and Per, “Value co-destruction: Review and conceptualization of interactive value formation”, issue 2, vol. 21, 2021, pp 227-249. [2] Plé and Chumpitaz, \"Not always co?creation: introducing interactional Co-destruction of value in service dominant logic\", Journal of Services Marketing, issue. 6, vol. 24, (2010), pp. 430-437. [3] Camilleri and Neuhofer, \"Value co-creation and co-destruction in the Airbnb sharing economy\", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, issue. 9, vol. 29, (2017), pp. 2322-2340. [4] Sigala, \"Value co-destruction in service ecosystems: Findings from TripAdvisor.\" Advances in social media for travel, tourism and hospitality. Routledge, 2017, pp. 26-40. [5] Neuhofer, Barbara, Bianca Magnus, and Krzysztof Celuch. \"The impact of artificial intelligence on event experiences: a scenario technique approach.\" Electronic Markets, issue. 31, vol. 3 (2021), pp. 601-617. [6] Buhalis, Dimitrios, Luisa Andreu, and Juergen Gnoth. \"The dark side of the sharing economy: Balancing value co?creation and value co?destruction.\" Psychology & Marketing issue. 37, vol. 5 (2020), pp. 689-704.

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Ashish Saxena, Yashi Bajpai, Rakesh Kumar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.