Decision Making for Site Selection Using Fuzzy Modelling

Abstract

We know nowadays selection of appropriate site for any project is influenced by several factors that can be ecological and environmental awareness, social acceptance of land development activity, geological factors and many more. And selection of land is considered as very important phase of whole process of land development. Many times we see that number of experienced decision makers makes decision for site selection randomly on the basis of prior experiences, But due to numerous factors influence the choice of site selection some times decision may go wrong when took randomly. Hence the scope of this paper deals with formulating a preliminary model for primary site selection of the residential building and then developing an support system that can be used by decision makers for site selection. Which complies the large data required to take the decision. F-AHP uses a hierarchical structure comprising factors that are based on factual data and the knowledge and experience of the decision makers. This data was collected by conducting a questionnaire survey amongst the decision makers.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The selection of site is foremost thing that has to considered before commencement of any project. The factors that influence the process of site selection can physical factors, economical factors, environmental factors, geological factors. Despite having all the data the decision makers make the decision based on there gut feelings and experiences, reason behind this is the data is very complex and not in proper format which can be help full for the decision makers to take the quick decision. Hence to make multi criteria decision easy, We are trying to implement  Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process. Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process method is one of the best methodology based on triangular fuzzy scale. It is used to solve the Multi Criteria Decision Making problems (MCDM).

II. FUZZY-ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS

F-AHP enables evaluation of MCDM and uses triangular fuzzy scale. F-AHP is an analytical approach that provides measurement and assessment using pairwise comparison between criteria and then alternatives, developed by Thomas Saaty. FAHP helps to provide a mechansim that helps the decision makers to reduce confusion and baisness in decision making. Here by using F-AHP method we proposed new method for safety impact factors selection  problem. By considering different residential projects in city, knowledge of the project manager. In simple words we can say that that this mechanism consist of objective, criteria and alternatives levels and each criteria is divided in sub-criteria. And we give priority weights to each criteria,  then by doing pair-wise comparison weights are given to each alternative and then final site selection is done.

A. Criteria

Criteria for F-AHP which was decided on the basis of interviews taken of various decision makers, project managers and knowledgeable persons. And further those criteria were considered while application of F-AHP model for site selection of residential project.

III. FUZZY ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY MODEL (F-AHP)

1. Step 1-Compare each factor in the F-AHP hierarchy. Decision makers use the fuzzy scale to compare factors shown in Table for criteria and alternatives. The data collected by decision makers is used to make  comparison.

TABLE I
Linguistic terms and the corresponding triangular fuzzy numbers[1]

According to knowledge of decision maker select the scale and respective fuzzy triangular scale. For example if criteria 1 is weakly important than criteria 2 then it will have score as 3 and hence fuzzy triangular scale as (2,3,4) and if vice versa than (1/2,1/3,1/4).

2. Step 2-According to averaged preferences, pair wise contribution matrices is prepared.

3. Step 3-According to Buckley, the geometric mean of fuzzy comparison values (ri) of each criteria is calculated. It still represents triangular values.

4. Step 4-The fuzzy weight of each criteria is found by

a. vector summation of each fuzzy value

b. Find (-1) power of summation vector and arrange in increasing order.

5. Step 5-The fuzzy weight of quality criteria is found by multiplying each relative weight with values arranged in increasing order.

6. Step 6-The relative non-fuzzy weight of each criteria is calculated by taking average of fuzzy numbers for each criteria.

7. Step 7-By using non-fuzzy weight normalized weights of each criteria is calculated.

8. Step 8-Weight of alternatives is calculated with respect to each criteria.

IV. APPLICATION OF FUZZY ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY MODEL

Questionnaire survey was carried out among project managers, contractors, owners, small construction firms which are located in Nashik district of Maharashtra. This firms majorly works in residential project. Survey was carried face to face and through online forms. Here we have selected four alternatives sites in Nashik District of  Maharashtra for residential building construction. And by using F-AHP best alternative will selected with highest normalized weight for residential site construction.

TABLE II

PAIRWISE COMPARISON OF MAIN CRITERIA

Geometric mean of Fuzzy comparison values (ri)

MA= (1x1x1/9x4)1/4; (1x1x1/9x5)1/4; (1x1x1/9x6)1/4 = 0.816,0.863,0.903

FA= (1x1x1x6)1/4; (1x1x1x7)1/4; (1x1x1x8)1/4 = 1.56,1.626,1.681

EF= (9x1x1x6)1/4; (9x1x1x7)1/4; (9x1x1x8)1/4 = 2.710,2.817,2.912

PF= (1/4x1/6x1/6x1)1/4; (1/5x1/7x1/7x1)1/4; (1/6x1/8x1/8x1)1/4= 0.28,0.252,0.22

TABLE III

 RELATIVE WEIGHTS

TABLE IV

FUZZY WEIGHTS OF EACH CRITERIA (WI)

TABLE V

NON-FUZZY WEIGHT AND NORMALISED WEIGHT

Level 2 - Determining the weight of each aletrnative with respect to each criteria

1. Criteria- Market Analysis

TABLE VI

 PAIR-WISE COMPARISON

TABLE VII

RELATIVE WEIGHTS

TABLE VII

FUZZY WEIGHTS OF EACH CRITERIA (WI)

TABLE IX

 NON-FUZZY WEIGHT AND NORMALISED WEIGHT

2. Criteria- Feasibility Analysis

TABLE X

PAIR-WISE COMPARISON

TABLE XI

 RELATIVE WEIGHTS

TABLE XII

FUZZY WEIGHTS OF EACH CRITERIA (WI)

TABLE NO XIII

NON-FUZZY WEIGHT AND NORMALISED WEIGHT

3. Criteria- Environmental Factor

TABLE XIV

PAIR-WISE COMPARISON

TABLE XV

RELATIVE WEIGHTS

TABLE XVI

FUZZY WEIGHTS OF EACH CRITERIA (WI)

TABLE NO XVII

NON-FUZZY WEIGHT AND NORMALISED WEIGHT

4. Criteria- Physical Factor

TABLE XVIII

 PAIR-WISE COMPARISON

TABLE XIX

 RELATIVE WEIGHTS

TABLE XX

FUZZY WEIGHTS OF EACH CRITERIA (WI)

TABLE XXI

 NON-FUZZY WEIGHT AND NORMALISED WEIGHT

TABLE XXII

 WEIGHT OF EACH ALETRNATIVE W.R.T EACH CRIETRIA

TABLE XXIII

FINAL WEIGHTS OF EACH ALTERNATIVE

IV. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We feel proud and find privileged to express deep sense of gratitude to all faculty members of Department Of Civil Engineering, Sandip University, and Nashik for constant encouragement and valuable guidance during completion of this project. The special gratitude towards my project guide, HOD Civil Department, & Principal of Sandip University, Nashik

Conclusion

The objective of this study is to identify, compare and define the optimization of site selection that leads to economical factor and safe use of workers and ultimately the site success in the construction industry. And major three objectives were 1.To determine various criteria for selection of site of residential project.2.To decide the impact of various factors responsible for site selection of residential project by using FAHP modelling.3.And finally suggesting best alternative. Hence from the research we conclude that- 1) Determined various criteria for site selection of residential buildings. Environmental factors, Physical factors, Market analysis, Feasibility Analysis are most important factors considered while selecting site for any residential project. 2) Determined relative importance of each factors and score was given to each factors with pair wise comparision of each factor. And application of F-AHP model was done. 3) According to ranking of each alternative, Alternative 3 have highest weightage. Hence alternative 3 is best suited site for residential project

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Tejaswini Potdar, Yogita Fulse. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.