Design and Analysis of Automatic Forklift

Abstract

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The Forklift is a motorized industrial cart available in   different shapes, sizes and forms. The forklift may be referred to as a pallet jack, ride-on forklift, or forklift. However, the ultimate purpose of the forklift is the same as the, to  allow one person to lift and move large   loads safely and effortlessly.

A. Block Diagram and Specifications

The architecture of the system is shown in Figure 1.  shows 1.1. The robot communicates its data via an arduino   board  connected to a  host  computer.  Hardware Specifications

1. Arduino UNO
2. Motor Driver
3. DC Motor and Bluetooth Module

II. METHODOLOGY

A. Arduino UNO

This is an Atmega328-based microcontroller board developed by Arduino.cc . The electronics have become compact, flexible and inexpensive, capable of performing many more functions than its predecessor , the . Take up more  space,  less functionality and become expensive. Microcontrollers are widely used in embedded  systems and enable the device to perform according to our  needs and requirements. We have  discussed   controllers such as 8051, Atmega16, Atmega328 and  PIC16F877. The Arduino Uno  is a  valuable addition to  electronics, consisting of a USB interface, 14  digital  I/O pins, 6 analog pins, and an Atmega328  microcontroller. It also supports  serial communication  using the Tx and Rx pins. You should also check out the   UNO for beginners.Some people confuse the  microcontroller with the Arduino. While the former is just a 40-pin  chip on the system with an onboard microprocessor, the   is a board  with the microcontroller in  the , a base for the board, a bootloader, and simple dongles.  .feet access I/O, making downloading or programming   very easy.

1.  Arduino Uno  Introduction

• Arduino Uno is a  microcontroller board  developed by Arduino.cc, it is an open source  electronic platform, mainly based on the AVR  Atmega328 microcontroller. 
• The current version of the Arduino Uno has a  USB interface, 6 analog input pins, 14  digital I/O  ports for connecting external  electronics Of the 14 I/O ports, 6  pins are available for PWM output. 
• It allows the designer to control and perceive  external electronic devices in the real world.

2.  Characteristics of the Arduino Uno   board

• Arduino Uno has a USB interface, ie a  USB  port is added on the board to develop the  serial  communication with the computer.
• Atmega328 microcontroller is placed on   board, it has many functions like timer,  counter, interrupt, PWM, processor, I/O pins and  based on 16 clock MHz, which helps generate more   frequency and instruction count per  cycles.

3. Pin Description

There are several  digital and analog I/O pins  on the   board that operate at 5V. These pins have standard   operating ratings ranging from 20mA to  40mA. Internal pull-up resistors are used in the  board to limit the current beyond the given  operating conditions. However, increasing the  current too much will render these resistors ineffective and damage the .  LED device.The Arduino Uno has a built-in LED connected to the  via pin 13. If you supply a high value to the , the pin will turn it on and a low value will turn it off.  flippers. This is the input voltage supplied to the Arduino  bs different from the 5V supplied by the  USB  port. If the power connector provides  voltage, you can get  through this pin.  5V. The board has the ability to provide  voltage regulation.

B. Communicate and Program

The  Arduino Uno has the ability to interface with   other Arduino boards, microcontrollers and  computers. An Atmega328 placed on a  board  provides serial communication using pins such as Rx and  Tx. The Arduino Uno  is programmed using Arduino   software, a cross-platform application  written in Java called the  IDE.

1. Applications of the  Arduino Uno

A wide range of applications.  More and more people are using the Arduino   board to develop  sensors and instruments for scientific research. Below are some  of the committee's top 4,444 nominations.

• Embedded systems  • Security and defense systems  • Digital electronics and robotics  • Parking meters  • Scales  • Traffic light countdowns

2. Features

 • Can be used to run two DC motors with the same  IC.  • Speed ??and direction control  possible  • Motor voltage Vcc2 (Vs): 4.5V to 36V  • Maximum  motor peak current: 1.2A  • Maximum continuous motor current: 600mA  • Supply voltage (vsVs) at Vcc1: 4.5 Against. at 7V  • Transition time: 300ns at 5V and 24V  • Provides automatic thermal shutdown   • Available in 16-pin DIP, TSSOP, SOIC packages

C. DC Motor 

DC Motor The DC motor   converts electrical energy in the form of direct current   into mechanical energy in the form of  rotational motion of the motor shaft. The speed of a   DC motor  can be controlled by applying  a variable DC voltage; while the direction of rotation  of the motor can be modified by reversing the direction  of the current flowing through it.  For variable voltage applications, we can  use the  PWM technique.  To reverse current we can  use H-bridge circuit or motor driver IC using H-bridge technology.

D. Bluetooth Module

Figure HC 05  Module Specifications HC-05   • Serial Bluetooth module for Arduino and other microcontrollers    • Operating voltage: 4V to 6V (typical +5V)  • Operating current  • < 40 mA  • Operating current:   • Uses serial communication (USART) and  TTL compatible  • Complies with IEEE 802.15.1  standardized protocol  • Uses  Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)  • Can be in master, slave or master/slave 4/ mode is valid. Easily connect to laptop or mobile phone   Bluetooth  • Baud rate support:  9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200, 230400, 46080  0.

1. How to use HC-05  Bluetooth module 

HC-05 has two working modes, one is  Data  mode, which  can send and receive data from other  Bluetooth devices, and the other is AT Commandmode, the Can the device's default setting of  be changed? As mentioned in the description of the  pin, we can operate the device in either of  two modes of the  using  key pins. The   HC-05 module interfaces very easily with the  microcontroller because it uses the  Serial  Port Protocol (SPP). Just use +5V to power the module, and connect the Rx pin of the module to the  Tx  of the MCU, and connect the Tx pin of the module to the Rx of the MCU, as shown  in the figure below   During power on, the key pin The pin can be grounded to enter  in command mode, if left open it will  default to  in data mode. After starting the   module, you should be able to discover the  Bluetooth device "HC-05", then connect to it using the default  password 1234 and start communicating with it.Default settings such as  name and password  can be changed in

III. HARDWARE COMPONENT

DC GEAR MOTOR  Gear DC motors can be defined as the extension of  DC motor, and the mystery of its Insight  details has been unveiled. The DC gear motor has a set of  gears attached to the motor. Motor speed  is measured in   shaft revolutions per minute, which is called RPM. The gear set helps increase torque by   and reduce speed.By using the correct  combination of  gears in the geared motor, its speed can be  reduced to any desired number. This concept of a  gear reducing a vehicle's speed  but increasing its  torque is known as gear reduction. This overview will examine the  in all details and major details that make up the  gearbox and thus verify the operation of the DC gear  motor.

IV. FUTURE SCOPE

The digital revolution has now  reached  a stage  Without this technology, we will not be able to lead a normal modern daily life.

Conclusion

Mature electronic prototyping methods and systems need to be established, this will enable faster verification of ideas and products will enter the markets on time. In this article, I summarize

References

[1] S. Berman, E. Schechtman and Y. Edan, Evaluation of automatic guided vehicle systems, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 25(3), pp.522528, 2009. [2] R. Bischoff, and G. Volker, Vision-guided intelligent robots for automating manufacturing, materials handling and services. WESIC’98 Workshop on European Scientific and Industrial Collaboration on Promoting Advanced Technologies in Manufacturing, 1998. [3] S. Datta, R. Ray, and D. Banerji, Development of autonomous mobile robot with manipulator for manufacturing environment, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 38(5), pp.536-542, 2008. [4] M. Gamberi, R. Manzini and A. Regattieri, A new approach for the automatic analysis and control of material handling systems: Integrated layout flow analysis, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 41(1), pp.156-167, 2009.

Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Uday Prakash Shukla, Aditya Nath Dubey, Abhay Kumar Dubey, Mohit Chand, Aniket Kumar Giri, Krishna Sahani. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.