Design & Analysis of H-Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna

Abstract

Our proposed research is about designing and analysis of H shape microstrip patch antenna. Operating frequency of H shape micro strip antenna is 5 Ghz. The design and simulation are done in High-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software with FR4 substrate. According to its real application, shape, and the type the H- shape microstrip antenna is designed. The size of the antenna is calculated by its length, width. Then the H-shape is stimulated for the radiation parameters obtained through optimizing and matching to meet the requirement. The parameter of antenna such as Return Loss, Gain, VSWR are measured.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Microstrip antennas are mostly used for aerospace applications because of their low weight, low volume and conformal nature. The most commonly used microstrip antennas are rectangular and circular disc antennas. However, other microstrip antennas has also been considered, depending on the application. Here we report two alternatives to the rectangular patch antenna.

On the other hand, the rectangular ring antenna has smaller size, larger bandwidth and narrow beam-width. The H- shaped microstrip patch antenna, can be considered because of it’s smaller size, it could replace the rectangular patch at UHF frequencies. It is used in transport of electromagnetic energy from the transmitting source to the antenna or from the antenna to the receiver, the antenna can be in a form of microstrip.

II. DESIGN OF H-SHAPE MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA

The H-shaped microstrip antenna has patch supported on a grounded dielectric sheet of thickness h and dielectric constant εr, and the physical dimensions of the H-shaped microstrip patch antenna are shown in Fig 1.In this technique a conducting microstrip line is attached directly to the center edge of the microstrip patch as shown in the figure 1.

II. GEOMETRY OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA

Resonant frequency and dielectric medium are selected for designing the microstrip patch antenna. The parameters can be calculated by.

Width(w): The width can be calculated by the given equation.

Were, W = Width of the patch Co = Speed of light

?r = value of the dielectric substrate

The effective refractive index (ERI) value of a patch is an important parameter in the designing procedure of a microstrip patch antenna. The radiations travelling from the patch towards the ground passes through the air and some through the substrate. Both the air and substrate have different dielectric values, therefore in order to account this we find the value of effective dielectric constant,

The value of the effective dielectric constant(?reff) is calculated using the following equation.

IV. ANTENNA DESIGN PARAMETERS

The size and the bandwidth of the H – Shape microstrip patch antenna is related to dielectric constant of the substrate. Larger bandwidth is produced by low dielectric constant of the substrate , while the high dielectric constant of the substrate results is smaller size of antenna

V. SIMULATION RESULTS

A. Return Loss

Return loss versus frequency plot of H Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas are shown in figure respectively.

B. VSWR

Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) verses frequency plot for H Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas are shown in figure respectively. The values of VSWR for both the antennas are shown in Table.

C. Gain

Three-dimension radiation pattern of H Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas at 5 GHz are shown in figure respectively. From Fig(6) it is clear that H- slot Rectangular Microstrip Patch  Antenna has a gain  of 7.16 db.

VII. APPLICATION

A. The Microstrip antennas, for its low-profile planar configuration, in which ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices, are being used for many applications due to key advantages over conventional antenna.

B. It can be used in mobile phones, wireless communication, etc.

C. H-shaped patch antenna contributed better performance and hence is best suitable for 5G applications.

D. It is used in GPS (Satellite Navigation System) Technology.

E. Can function as a antenna for wireless battery charging at 5.5 GHz and data telemetry in the 5.15–5.35 GHz WLAN band.

Conclusion

In this paper, H Rectangular Microstrip Patch is 5 Ghz that H – slot antenna has 7.16 dB gain, - 13.91 dB of return loss and 2.1 dB of vswr are the evaluated from our simulation.

References

[1] Y. Yoshimura, \"A Microstrip SLOT ANTENNA\", IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 20, no. 11, Nov 1972. [2] Xiofi Shi, Zhilong Wang, Hua Su and Yua Zhao, \"A H-type Microstrip slot antenna in Ku-band Using LTCC technology with Multilayer Substrates\", proc. IEEE, vol. 978-1, pp. 7104- 7106, 2011. [3] M.T, M.N Shakib Islam and T Misran, \"Broadband E-H shaped Microstrip patch antenna for wireless systems\", progress in electromagnetics research PIER 98, pp. 163-173, 2009. [4] Gurpreet Kaur and Jagatar Singh, \"H and T- Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas for Wireless Communication\", International Journal of computer communications. [5] H. Mosallaei and K. Sarabandi, “Antenna miniaturization and bandwidth enhancement using a reactive impedance substrate,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 2403-2414, Sep. 2004.

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Abhishek Kumar, Abhishek Kushwah, Aman Anand, Kumar Mangalam Patel, Anshu Kumar . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.