Review Paper of Design and Fabrication of Smart Electromagnetic Breaking System

Abstract

According to a study 20-30% of the road accident cases are caused due to less attentiveness of vehicle driver or the failure of brakes and vehicles have mechanical brakes which requires a high mechanical force that cause a problem to handicap person so to overcome above described problem we came up with the idea of intelligent braking system with obstacles detection which has 3 parts first is electromagnets to provide automation to the brakes and second part is infrared sensor by sensing braking system can detect obstacles so that it can automatically send signal to relay and brakes can be applied third part is brake for which we electromagnet braking to provide smoothness and effective braking and the last and main part or brain of the system is infrared sensor and relay which gets the signal from sensor and activates the brakes So from this braking system we can provide the automation to a mechanical braking system which can be further modify and can be implement to vehicles the brakes in which we can fully rely on and can also be used in vehicles for handicaps that aren\'t able to apply conventional braking. 1) BRAKE • A brake is a mechanical device which retards motion. • Brakes use friction between two surfaces to convert the kinetic energy of the moving object into heat. 2) Need for Alternative These systems are prone to the wear and tear on usage a) Conventional braking systems produces continuous power dissipation as heat and may fail if the temperature rises too high b) Friction based braking methods are also not efficient under wet conditions

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Two main function of the breaking system are to maintain control of the car/vehicle at a vertiginous inclination or a declination and to stop the vehicle in the shortest distance possible. Conventionally, hydraulic circuits are used to accomplish the braking mechanism. When the driver sets foot on the brake pedal or pulls on the brake lever, it puts pressure on the piston that in turn pushes fluid through the master cylinder into the slave cylinder through the hydraulic circuit. This eventually gets converted into a pressure which pushes the brake pad against the wheel generating braking torque through friction. Initial mechanism was based on drum brakes on all four wheels where the braking drum is mounted on the wheel with brake shoes fixed inside the drum having face parallel to the drum inner surface. The hydraulic fluid in the slave cylinder presses the brake shoes towards the drum and this caused braking due to frictional force. Currently, vehicles come with disc brakes since they are more efficient during the process of braking and had an efficient heat dispersion mechanism. In this system, a caliper is placed on a wheel or a solid disc which is attached to the wheel. The calipers are pressed through hydraulics generating braking force by pressing the disc through brake pads.

Electromagnetic brake is a new idea. It is discovered that electromagnetic brakes can build up a power which is almost double the most extreme power yield of a normal motor, and no less than three times the braking energy of a fume brake to stop the vehicle. These results of electromagnetic brakes make them essentially more focused possibility for elective hindrance hardware's contrasted and different retarders. This project expects to limit the brake inability to stay away from the street mis happenings. It additionally diminishes the support of stopping mechanism. Preference for this mechanism is that it can be used in any vehicle and is less problematic.

II. METHODOLOGY

A. Design the shape and size of model of project

B. Selection of strong electromagnet.

C. Finding the requirement of equipments for measuring the different parameters

D. Fabrication of different components for experimental set up according to design

E. Performance on the experimental set up

III. NEED OF PROJECT

A. All conventional braking system retard automobile by the development of contact friction.

B. Due to this friction there is a wear and tear of brakes. In high velocity vehicles there is more wear and tear of brakes so it become costly because of replacement of brakes.

C. Conventional brakes are less effective in wet conditions.

D. It increases weight of vehicles and sometimes creates noise.0

IV. APPLICATION

1. Already in use under some railway system
2. Can be used for any road vehicles
3. Equally applicable to heavy and light vehicles
4. Can be used as additional retarder for aircrafts
5. Used in crane control system.
6. Used in winch controlling.
7. Used in lift controlling.
8. Used in automatic purpose.

V.  ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to thank our guide prof. S.G. BAWANE who gave this opportunity to work on this project , we learn a lot from this project about Design and fabrication of electromagnetic breaking system.

Conclusion

1) Electromagnetic Braking is superior to conventional frictional braking as there is no friction and heat in electromagnetic braking. 2) So the conventional disc and drum brakes can be replaced with electromagnetic brakes. 3) During the making of this project presentation “Fabrication of Electromagnetic brake”, we got a lot of information and knowledge about this brake, its construction, working and principle and how the brake action takes place. We are sure that while doing this project we will came across various manufacturing process which we learn in books and their actual meaning. Techniques of this braking system save the effort of the human being at the maximum level which provide the comfort to the rider of the vehicle. As this brake is require external power source of battery and it require to charge every time, to overcome this problem one can use dynamo for the charging of the power source is generated itself by the vehicle.

References

[1] Design data book, for stimulated by prof. G. R. Damodaran’s intellectual, inspiration, and support then faculty member Dept. mech, come out compilation ofthe Design Data Book 1968 to provide a realistic understanding of the Engineering. design process, ISBN 978-81-927355. [2] Strength of material for the shape and size of various structures are designed by knowing the strength of materials by R.S. Khurmi, ISBN 978-81-920485-1-2 [3] Enhancement of Braking System in Automobile Using Electromagnetic Braking by Akshya S.Puttewar and Nagnath U. published in IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ,in 2009, conference held at Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering & Research, Wanadongri,Nagpur [4] Yunda HU “The Research on Test-Bed Test System of Automobile Eddy Current Retarder” 2012

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Prof. S. G. Bawane, Moksh Khajuria, Vaibhav Sontakke, Chetan Gharjare, Aniket Dhakate, Hemraj Sonkusare, Ramesh Rajput. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.