Design and Modification of Organic Rankine Cycle

Abstract

The Organic Rankine cycle is very similar to the Rankine cycle which is oftenly used when the high Temperatures are not available to produce steam. The Ordinary Rankine cycle used in thermal power plant for converting water into steam and further that steam is expanded through a turbine for generating electricity. The advantage of using organic fluid over water is that it has a low boiling temperature which is a prime criterion for the use with any low- grade heat source. Due to the low liquid to vapor-volume ratios associated with organic working fluids, a single stage expansion device can be used to convert thermal energy to mechanical work. In water fed Rankine cycle, a robust turbine is used which requires the working fluid to be superheated to avoid any condensation droplets forming during expansion. Removing chances for possible damage to the blades. In an ORC, a compact low-speed expansion device may be used which does not require the mandatory superheating of the fluid.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The Energy plays an important role in the development of any country. The development of a country can be quantified as a function of its energy resources and utilization. Energy is the most important element for a human for social redevelopment. People are constantly using energy from the beginning of the journey of human life on earth and within every human society, region and country.

Human beings use energy in different forms, like mechanical energy, heat, electricity, etc. and other many more it must mention that .

A. Main Component

• Evaporator
• Scroll Expander
• Dynamometer
• Condenser
• Hermetic Compressor

1. Evaporator

Evaporator is a device used to convert Refrigerant to vapour form. In our project the Refrigerant comes into evaporator. Evaporator is provided by an electric Heater which is working onbase of electricity. This heater heats the refrigerant by giving heat. After heating the refrigerant, it goes to centrifugal Compressor.

Basic principle of organic rankine cycle using organic fluid over water is that it has a low boiling temperature which is a prime criterion for the use with any low-grade heat source. Due to the low liquid to vapor-volume ratios associated with organic working fluids, a single stage expansion device can be used to convert thermal energy to mechanical work.

Component Details

Table 2 : Components

2. Refrigerant

The Aim to use the Refrigerant at the place of water is the low boiling Temperature. Here we have use refrigerant 134a because it is an ecofriendly refrigerant. By this the pollution will be negligible during generation of electricity. It has generally 70 to 90 degree Celsius temperature of boiling.

II. WORKING PROCEDURE

In our project the Refrigerant comes into evaporator. Evaporator is provided by an electric Heater which is working on base of electricity. This heater heats the refrigerant by giving heat. After heating the refrigerant, it goes to centrifugal Compressor. Here the centrifugal compressor takes mechanical energy and convert it into electrical energy. Dynamometer is connected with centrifugal compressor which identifies the amount of electricity generated. After that the Refrigerant passes through condenser. This condenser cools the refrigerant to normal temperature. After that Pump takes it to again evaporator.

Design Parameters of Scroll Expander

Table 1 : Design Parameters

Designs Of coil in Evaporator

IV. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I express my gratitude to my guide MR. Narendra Dalia for his expert guidance, encouragement and suggestion throughout the prep- aration of this work. He has been a pillar of support and inspired me throughout this study, without him this would not have been possi- ble. I also express my heartiest thank to MR. JIGNESH PATEL (H.O.D., Mechanical Engineering Department.) for helping me throughout this work. I am grateful to the teaching faculties of Me- chanical Engineering Department for their valuable suggestions and instruction regarding my work. I have also received tremendous amount of help from my friend’s insight and outside the institute.

Conclusion

Our project have used evaporator as boiler, centrifugal compressor as turbine, dynamometer, condenser and compressor as pump. Our project is kind of small power plant which can cover a small area by generating electricity by using refrigerant in the place of water in conventional power plant. Here we have used R-134a as refrigerant, this is Eco-friendly so it does not harm environment in any manner. We can conclude that after using this mechanism not only the overall efficiency should improve. And it is convenient to use.Also low maintenance cost and easy to make in a small place.

References

[1] Andrea Toffolo , Andrea Lazzaretto , Giovanni Manente , Marco Paci, “A multi criteria approach for the optimal selection of working fluid and design parameters in Organic Rankine Cycle systems”, Applied Energy 121 (2014) 219–232 [2] Athanasios I. ,Papadopoulos , Mirko Stijepovic , Patrick Linke “On the systematic design and selection of optimal working fluids for Organic Rankine Cycles” Applied Thermal Engineering 30 (2010) 760–769 [3] B. Twomey, P.A. Jacobs, H. Gurgenci, Dynamic performance estimation of small- scale solar cogeneration with an organic Rankine cycle using a scroll expander, Applied Thermal Engineering 51 (2013) 1307e1316. [4] Guoquan Qiu, Hao Liu, Saffa Riffat “Expanders for micro- CHP systems with organic Rankine cycle” Applied Thermal Engineering 31 (2011) 3301-3307 [5] Isam H. Aljundi “Effect of dry hydrocarbons and critical point temperature on the efficiencies of organic Rankine cycle” in Renewable Energy 36 (2011) 1196-1202 [6] Jen-Chieh Chang, Tzu-Chen Hung, Ya-Ling He, Wenping Zhang” Experimental study on low-temperature organic Rankine cycle utilizing scroll type expander”, Applied Energy 155 (2015) 150–159

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Gupta Deepak, Singh Shailesh, Rajput Prafulla, Khatik Sahil, Gamit Tanay, Prof. Narendra Dalia . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.