Design of Solar Based Electric Vehicle Charging System

Abstract

Solar-powered system for charging designed for electric vehicle recharging, addressing the primary issues of fuel consumption and environmental pollution. Electric vehicles have been introduced globally and are gradually increasing in popularity. Beyond their environmental advantages, EVs cut travel costs by replacing fuel with electricity, which is significantly more affordableWe introduce an innovative electric vehicle charging system that revolutionizes the charging process. Unlike traditional methods requiring physical connections, our system enables vehicles to charge while in motion without the need for cables. By harnessing the power of the sun, we have developed a solar-powered system that eliminates the dependency on external power sources. This groundbreaking technology incorporates an LCD display, Atmega controller, copper coils, AC-to-DC converter, solar panel, battery, transformer, and regulator circuitry. This intricate assembly allows for wireless energy transfer to electric vehicles, eliminating the inconvenience of charging stops. Consequently, our system seamlessly integrates into existing road infrastructure, providing a sustainable and efficient solution for electric vehicle charging.This paradigm shift in charging technology offers numerous advantages. Drivers can enjoy uninterrupted journeys without range anxiety, as vehicles continuously replenish their energy supply. Moreover, the utilization of solar power promotes clean energy consumption and reduces reliance on fossil fuels. By combining wireless charging with renewable energy, we contribute to a greener and more sustainable transportation ecosystem. This system holds the potential to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles and drive advancements in electric mobility

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

When General Motors unveiled the first electric car in history in 1996, the path of electric vehicles officially began. Since then, makers of electric vehicles have undergone an incredible technological adventure, and consumers have come to accept them because they don't hurt the environment, thanks to the introduction of models like Nissan and Chevrolet.

Additionally, switching to electric vehicles is seen as a big step toward enhancing sustainability in transportation, lessening reliance on petroleum, and safeguarding the environment. Because of this fantastic benefit, numerous automakers have started to invest heavily in advancing the technology of electric vehicles. The Wireless Charging System (WCS) functions on the basis of Sir Nikola Tesla's 1887 introduction of the Mutual Induction principle. In this phenomena, the first coil, referred to as the transmitter coil, generates electrical energy when a specific current flows through the second coil, referred to as the receiver coil, causing an induced electromotive force (Emf). According to recent developments in this field by research institutions and automakers, this will happen in ten to twenty years, infrastructure for drive while charging might be developed for general application. Consequently, numerous businesses are exploring ways in addition to improve the variety of electric cars not only to effortlessly automate the charging process using wireless charging. The cost of electric automobiles is getting lower than that of engines with combustion being conventional vehicles, primarily because of less carbon dioxide emissions and the rising costs of fossil fuels. Despite these advantages, electric vehicles (EVs) have not been extensively used in the marketplace as a result of various restrictions, including vehicle cost is more, constrained all-electric driving range and a limited infrastructure for charging. EVs are automobiles that run totally or mostly on electricity.They offer lower operating costs because they are more ecologically friendly and require less servicing from moving parts, using normal or not using Petroleum and petroleum products.

II. POWERED AUTOMOBILES (EV’s)

A vehicle classified as an electric vehicle (EV) is one that is utilizes a number of engines powered by electricity for its propulsion. A vehicle powered by electricity May be powered by external power sources via a network system, it can have its own energy system comprising a fuel cell, battery, solar panel, or electrical generator that transforms fuel into electrical energy it’s shown in fig.1 [4]. Electric vehicles encompass a wide range of types, including vehicles used on roads and railways, ships on land and sea, electric aircraft, and electric spacecraft Electric vehicles (EVs) have a rich history dating back to the 19th century when electricity first emerged as a viable power source for automobiles. These early EVs offered a quiet, comfortable driving experience that surpassed the capabilities of contemporary gasoline-powered cars. However, the dominance of internal combustion engines in the 20th century overshadowed electric vehicles, relegating them to niche markets like trains and smaller utility vehicles. Despite this, electric power continued to be a reliable and efficient choice for specific transportation needs.

b) Atmega 328p

The Atmel ATmega328P is a versatile 8-bit microcontroller built on the AVR architecture. Renowned for its efficiency, it can execute multiple commands in a single clock cycle, achieving impressive processing speeds of nearly 20 million instructions per second when operating at 20 MHz. Packaged in a 28-pin PDIP, it seamlessly integrates with our 28-pin AVR development board. Unlike general-purpose computers designed for a wide range of tasks, such as calculations, multimedia, or web browsing, microcontrollers like the ATmega328P excel in specialized applications.

For instance, it can be programmed to precisely control devices based on environmental factors. A common use case involves regulating an air conditioner: automatically switching it off when the room temperature drops below a set point and reactivating it when the temperature rises above it. This demonstrates the microcontroller's ability to perform specific functions autonomously.

c) 4047 Integrated Chip

The CD 4047 IC is a type of multi vibrator that also includes a high voltage component shown in the Fig3.1.3. It functions in two distinct states: Monostable and Astable. The duration of the output pulse in the Monostable state and the frequency in the Astable state control is done by this IC needs an external resistor and capacitor. It operates at voltages of 5V, 10V, 15V, and 20V. The 4047 IC is a CMOS multi vibrator capable of operating in both Monostable and Astable modes. Its uses span a broad spectrum, from generating pulse and sine waves to converting DC signals to AC signals, among others.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Sunkari Srilatha, Sudhakar Babu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.