Design of Sub-6 GHz Antenna using Negative Permittivity Metamaterial for 5G Applications

Abstract

The objective of the presented article is to design a compact metamaterial-based dual-band antenna that meets the frequency requirement of 5G. The antenna consists of a Circular Split Ring Resonator structure with a defective ground plane and slots to enhance the bandwidth and gain parameters. Metamaterial-based Microstrip patch antenna produces unique electromagnetic properties that allow us to control over the antenna parameters with a compact size. FR-4 epoxy is used as a substrate its dielectric constant is 4.4 and its loss tangent is 0.02. Dimensions of the antenna are 20 x 12 x 1.6mm3 with a very compact size and cost-effective. The proposed metamaterial-based antenna resonates at dual bands at 3.24GHz and 5.46 GHz respectively. The peak gains at resonant frequencies 3.45GHz and 5.46 GHz are 0.9 dB and 2dB respectively. The proposed antenna shows S-parameters at S11, which is -12.13dB at frequency of 3.45 GHz and -15.165 at a frequency of 5.46 GHz. The proposed antenna can effectively work for WLAN and WiMAX applications. The antenna covers the frequency spectrum from 2 GHz to 8 GHz with a centre frequency of 5 GHz. The proposed antenna is cost-effective.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The advancement of wireless communication requires a compact size antenna with high performance. The traditional approach of using a normal patch is not recommended to obtain a compact-sized antenna along with high performance. Instead, integrating split ring resonators provides high antenna parameters [3]. The compact-sized antenna provides a homogeneous radiation pattern, wider bandwidth, and a low gain, to enhance that we use different techniques like metamaterials [5]. As there are many shapes of split ring resonators like circular, Rectangular, Square etc., each shape provides various advantages. Square and Rectangular shaped resonators provide a high gain and better return loss [1]. In this paper, we designed a compact metamaterial-based Microstrip patch antenna with FR-4 epoxy as the substrate. This antenna has a defective ground structure which helps to avoid mutual coupling between neighbour elements and helps to enhance bandwidth and gain. A circular ring resonator structure is integrated into the patch along with a slot. This structure provided the negative permittivity, which is verified through the MATLAB script [5]. This antenna provides a dual-band with a peak gain of 0.9 dB and 2 dB at the resonant frequencies 3.45 GHz and 5.46 GHz respectively covering the WLAN and WiMAX applications [2]. All the relevant data for design analysis is used from papers [14-16].

Section II presents the details of metamaterial-inspired antenna geometry and design for the proposed antenna. Section III presents a detailed analysis of the proposed antenna with returns plot, Radiation characteristics and current distribution to explain the performance of the antennas. Finally, conclusions are given in section IV followed by acknowledgement and references.

II. PROPOSED ANTENNA GEOMETRY

The proposed compact microstrip monopole metamaterial-inspired antenna is shown in Fig.1. The antenna is imprinted on FR-4 epoxy substrate whose dielectric constant i.e; effective relative permittivity εr = 4.4 and contains a thickness of 1.6mm and is fed with microstrip line.

The proposed antenna has a circular split ring resonator-shaped radiation strip along with a partial ground structure along with some slots to improve the impedance matching and also to provide isolation between antennas when placed in the form of arrays [4]. We have calculated the length of radiating element length by using equation (1)

IV. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, we are grateful to the Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology for allowing us to work on this project. We are fortunate to have worked under the supervision of our guide Mr. Pradeep. His guidance and suggestions helped us a lot in this work. We are also thankful to Mr. S. N. Chandrashekar for being the In Charge and Coordinator for this project and its reviews. We are also thankful to the HOD of Electronics and Communication Engineering [ECE], Dr. S. P. V. Subba Rao for giving constant support and encouragement.  

Conclusion

A compact metamaterial-inspired dual-band monopole antenna is designed and validated on a 20 x 12 x 1.6mm3 FR-4 epoxy substrate. The proposed design contains a circular split ring resonator which is a metamaterial inspired and whose permittivity value is negative. The proposed antenna can radiate at dual band frequencies at 3.45 GHz and 5.46 GHz with a return loss of -12.13dB and -15.165dB respectively. This compact antenna has a gain of 0.9 dB and 2 dB at respective resonant frequencies. Due to its compact size, the achieved gain is moderate, and external devices like Cellular signal boosters maintain constant gain throughout the transmission. We can achieve better results when the antenna is arranged in the shape of arrays and arrays will increase the gain and directionality of the antenna.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Sambaldevi Chandra Bhaskar, Tejavathu Dheeraj Kumar, Boda Naveen, Pendli Pradeep. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.