Development and Validation of Interactive Multimedia Package on Disaster Management Learning Activities

Abstract

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

India is one of the natural disaster prone country .Due to large population growth and migration of people to the urban areas .the country has increasing vulnerability to the socio economic impacts of extreme weather like flood, droughts, cyclones etc.

In 2004, nearly 250000 people died due to deadliest disaster, Tsunami. On December 15, 2011 Thane cyclone occurred and destroyed more than 1000 hectares of agriculture lands. Simultaneously flood has occurred in Cuddalore, Karaikal, Chennai and Pondicherry.in November 2020, very Severe Cyclonic Storm Nivar a tropical cyclone which brought severe impacts to portions of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. If one has awareness on tsunami, cyclone and floods, one could take action to minimize the loss of lives and possessions which includes safety and security of life. Knowledge about disaster, disaster preparedness and disaster management plays a vital role in minimizing the effects of disaster. 

From the research studies, it has been observed that children are mostly affected by natural hazards and them suffering both physically and mentally. Teaching Disaster management in the schools, colleges and universities will make the youth to aware about the various disasters and it will make them to face the disasters or any crisis with their knowledge, self-confidence and survival skills.

Hence the disaster management is important for the School children to safeguard themselves and they can also impart it to family, society and others in future. In the view of the above, the investigator has decided to develop and validate activity based Interactive Multimedia package on Disaster Management Learning Activities for school students and it is entitled as “DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA PACKAGE ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT LEARNING ACTIVITIES FOR SCHOOL STUDENTS”

II. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

A. Disaster

In this present study the investigator refers disaster is an unexpected natural flood, cyclone and tsunami, etc which causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life or sometimes permanent change to the natural environment.

B. Disaster Management

Disaster management means managing resources and various responsibilities to deal with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies. This may include preparedness, response and recovery. The purpose of disaster management is to lessen the impact of disasters.

C. Web definition (Wiki Pedia)

In this present study the investigator refers Disaster management to how one can manage and implement the action of plan with reference to cyclone, flood and tsunami.

D. Interactive Multimedia

Multimedia is the technology engaging a variety of media, including text, audio, video, graphics and animation, either separately or in combination with computers to communicate ideas or to disseminate information.

In this present study the investigator refers multimedia to teach the electronic module which includes both audio / video.

III. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

A. Major Objectives

To develop and validate the Interactive Multimedia package on Disaster Management Learning Activities for secondary school students

Development and Validation of Interactive Multimedia Package on Disaster Management Learning Activities

The interactive multimedia package is self-explanatory and conveys all the information regarding safety, preparedness, relief and rescue, and rehabilitation to safeguard the lives and property from all the disasters. This interactive multimedia package also provides information such as how and when disasters occur? What are the reasons for occurrence of disasters? What are the preventive measures and precautions do’s and don’ts at the time of disasters are depicted in the interactive multimedia package.

Interactive Multimedia is a combination of audio, video, animation, text etc. The module was prepared with the help of web and interactive multimedia technology.

When the information is provided visually, it will remain in the minds of the school students forever. When the concept is delivered in demonstration form, it provides the first-hand experience and in depth knowledge about disaster management. It teaches the school students about various disasters.

The interactive multimedia package is effectively delivered.

This interactive multimedia package is such an edutainment that serves the purpose of teaching learning in the present scenario. This is an educational module on disaster management which has been prepared by using the HTML CSS, JAVASCRIPT .

The Researcher used following steps for developing product as above mentioned

1. Predevelopment Steps

a. Content Analysis And Content Selection For The Interactive Multimedia Package: The content for the package has been taken from the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th standard Social Science book of the Tamilnadu state board. The prepared content has been given to the subject experts to check the validity and reliability. The same has been given to the number of 10 students from different standards for the pilot study based on their suggestions changes have been carried out. Finally, the following disasters content were selected for the interactive multimedia package preparation

• Disaster and types
• Natural disasters and Manmade Disaster
• Earthquake
• Volcanoes
• Tsunami
• Cyclones
• Flood
• Landslide
• Avalanche
• Thunder and Lightening
• Hurricane
• Blizzards/Winter Storm &
• Pandemic Diseases

b. Story Board Writing: After finalizing the content the story board was prepared by the researcher with the help of the technical experts

c. Collection Of Necessary Materials: Researcher collected necessary material related to the selected content of disasters from the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th standard Social Science book of the Tamilnadu state board and the internet. Researcher also collected pictures, videos, text, animated videos, and sound for the development of the Interactive multimedia package

2. Development Stage

Researcher use the script and organize the videos picture, animations, texture material, sound as per script. The Package was prepared with the help of web and interactive multimedia technology.-HTML CSS, JAVASCRIPT and   Adobe Flash

3. Post Development Stage

After the development of the package, pilot study was conducted among the small group of tenth standard students and it has been given to the technical reviewers and content reviewers to check the accessibility and validity of the content. Based on their views and suggestions the package was finalized.

Features of the Interactive Multimedia Package

The interactive package has text, images, video, animation, and activity. The entire package has the ‘Speak Now’ option which is disable friendly; it will enable the entire content to be read. Each page has the option to go for the previous page and the next page.

The package starts with the registration page, followed by each disaster and activity page.  It is designed in such a way that the learner can go step by step. There is a provision to visit the previous page but the next page will appear only if they finish the particular activity.  Each activity contains the try again and checks answer option. After each activity, the score screen will appear along with the feedback.

IV.  REGISTRATION LINK

The module registration page consists of the following personal details of those who are using the Interactive multimedia package.

Name

Standard - 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th

Medium- Tamil, English

Sex - Male, Female

Locality- Rural, Semi-Urban, Urban

Type of School- Matric, Government Aided, Government

District

V. VALIDATION OF INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA PACKAGE

The Interactive Multimedia package was taken to the following personnel and its validation was checked by using the questionnaire constructed by the investigator.

1. Secondary School Teachers
2. Technical Experts( Educational Technologists, Software Specialists, Technicians and Computer programmer)

The content, the clarity of video and audio, the usage of the interactive multimedia package were discussed with the above personnel and the validity and reliability of the Interactive Multimedia Package was checked and confirmed. The Interactive Multimedia Package on Disaster Management Learning activities is attached with this report in CD form.

a. Construction Of Disaster Management Awareness And Preparedness Test: The Disaster Management Awareness and Preparedness test was designed to measure the knowledge and awareness on Disaster management among secondary school students.

b. Development of Item Pool:To construct the initial test items, the investigator collected the literature and collected the material from the Tamilnadu state board secondary school science text books. After that the investigator has tried to write as many questions as possible. The investigator has written totally 80 questions.

c. Pre-Pilot Study: After writing the statements, the investigator placed the tool before the experts in order to examine the suitability. Based on the comments and suggestions from them, the statements were reconstructed and eliminated after which 72 statements were retained and a pilot study was done

d. Pilot Study: Before the questionnaire is finalized, the pre pilot version of the test items was administered for 30 students. On collecting the returned pilot data, the tool was subjected to item analysis.

Procedure of item Analysis of the Tool

The investigator has done the Item analysis.30 sample scores were arranged in descending order i.e highest score at the top and the lowest at the bottom. After that, the topmost 27 % of the samples and bottommost 27% of the sample were taken into consideration for item analysis out of 30, 8 samples were taken in the upper group and 8 samples were taken in the lower group and the chart was prepared for the same and the scores for each sample were noted down in the chart for each item and scored for the upper and lower group separately. The formula Di=(U=L)2N and Dp=(U-L)/N were used to find out the difficulty index and Discrimination power. ’U’ is the total score for the upper group and ‘l’ is the total score for the lower group and N’ is the number of subjects. Di measure content validity and Dp measure Construct Validity of the test.

After item analysis Di values ranging from 0.625 -0.875 and the Dp value 0.3 -0.75 were taken into consideration. 57 items were retained in the test and 15 items were eliminated. Higher values of Di indicate that items were easy.

e. Standardization of the Disaster management and awareness Test: Standardization of a test or tool involves finding out its reliability and validity.

• Validity
• Face Validity

Face validity refers how good a measurement instrument appears to measure what it was designed to measure. The Disaster Management and Awareness Test have items to test the subject’s awareness and knowledge on Disaster management. So it has face validity.

• Content Validity

To establish the content validity the Disaster Management and Awareness Test was given for expert’s opinion. Based on their feedback and suggestions modifications were made in the tool.

• Discriminant Validity

The items in Disaster Management and Awareness Test discriminate between the low, medium and high achievers. So it has discriminant validity.

• Reliability

The reliability of the tool was calculated to be 0.72 by using split-half reliability test method, which showed that the items are substantial and relevant to the test.

• Scoring procedure

Each correct answer is to given a score of '1'and '0' is to be given for incorrect answer.

VI.  ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project is fully funded by impress-ICSSR, and I thank ICSSR for sanctioning the project and funding it without which the project will not exist.

I express my high esteem and profound sense of gratitude to our honorable vice chancellor Prof.Dr.P.Kaliraj for providing all facilities for completing this project within the stipulated time at all levels.

I wish to register my gratitude to Dr.K.Murugan and Dr.Murugavel Regitrar i/c , Bharathiar University for enabling me to proceed with the project work successfully.

I record my sincere thanks to Dr.S.Singaravel Head, Department of Education, Bharathiar University for his constant encouragement.

I record my sincere thanks to Dr.A.R.Bhavana,Head i/c, Department of Educational Technology for giving me her positive comments and suggestions for my project.

I express my profound thanks to Dr.M.Parthasarathy, Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Technology for rendering help in multimedia package development. I was also benefited by the constant enquiries and valuable suggestions of Dr.T.Enok Joel, Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Technology regarding the proceedings of the project.

I wish to express my sincere thanks to all Subject experts and Technical experts for guiding me in the development of Interactive Multimedia Package.

I register my heartfelt thanks to Mr.J.Dominic Arockiaraj, Research Assistant for his sincere, thorough and constant support provided throughout the project works without which the project might not have been reality.

I would like to thank all the Head masters and Headmistress of Government and Aided school for permitting me to conduct my research in their school and providing me the sample of school students willingly.

I extend my profound thanks to the tenth standard students for accepting to participate in this experimental study and cooperating with me throughout the period of data collection.

Finally I wish to record my sincere thanks to all who have helped this project a grand success.

Conclusion

Disaster can strike at any time, at any place. Many research studies have stressed the importance of educating the children in the early years in planning and preparedness for disasters. School children are mostly affected in the recent disasters and it shows that the current educational system is not enough to teach the consequences of the disasters to the students and the teachers. Implementing Technology for imparting knowledge regarding the disaster was found effective in many research studies An Interactive multimedia package was prepared with an urge to create awareness among the school children to equip them to safeguard themselves, their family and community. The main objective of the present study is to develop and validate the Interactive Multimedia Package on Disaster Management Learning Activities for School students. The Interactive multimedia package was developed and validated.

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Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Dr. S. Thangarajathi, Mr. J. Dominic Arockiaraj. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.