Design and Development of IoT based Health Monitoring System

Abstract

With prospects for developing technology, patient health monitoring is a significant and quickly expanding topic nowadays. Various designs for patient healthcare monitoring systems have been developed by numerous researchers in accordance with technological advancements. The devices in the suggested business plan, which include web-based sensors and mobile applications, communicate over a network to improve the efficiency of the system designed to record and monitor patient health information. In order to precisely analyze a patient\'s health status, a health system comprising sensors and monitoring devices has been built. These devices are able to collect medical data from patients and then send alarms via GSM module to specialized doctors. In order to gather health-related data, this project will connect patients via the Internet to an appropriate monitoring system that will improve medication care for both local patients and patients who live in remote areas without hospitals nearby. The devices will be able to record the patient\'s temperature, heart rate, and the oxygen levels in their blood.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The worldwide healthcare scene of nowadays is stamped by a compounding rise in constant sicknesses, which are ascribed to components like late onset of liquor and tobacco utilize, tall weight rates, inactive ways of life, and other lifestyle-related propensities. As per the World Wellbeing Organization (WHO), millions of people around the world surrender to afflictions counting tall blood weight, corpulence, and diabetes each year, underscoring the squeezing require for reasonable healthcare mediations. Patients with constant sicknesses require persistent treatment consideration to screen their wellbeing in a sensible way. Crucial signs such as blood oxygen levels, temperature, and heart rate are vital pointers of a patient's wellbeing. Utilizing observing advances that can screen these imperative signs in real-time has gigantic openings for making strides care conveyance and care coordination. There have been noteworthy mechanical progressions in medical field, but the development of the Web of Things (IoT) stands out as a game-changing drive. This presentation gives subtle elements on the genuine advance and powers impelling the headway of Web of Things-based Success Checking Frameworks. Moreover, IoT-driven activities have contributed to the change of healthcare conveyance by empowering farther interviews, customized medicine regimens, and mass thriving organizing exercises. The creation of Web of Things (IoT)-based Success Observing Frameworks basically talks to a fundamental headway in healthcare advance, meaning a commitment to utilizing innovation to advance thriving, modernize care openness, and secure people's capacity to lead superior ways of life.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

Ananda Mohan Ghosh et al. [1] have created a health monitoring system for running the hospital that will allow family members and consulting doctors to remotely check the patient's state online using an E-health sensor shield kit interface kit. But it doesn't send out email or SMS alerts to the appropriate physicians and family members. A raspberry pi-controlled patient monitoring healthcare system that monitors a patient's temperature, heart rate, breathing level, and movement has been proposed by P Kumar et al. [2]. Data is collected by sensors and shown on the screen by Putty software. However, our recommended approach incorporates an alarm warning system to compel medical professionals or family members to provide the patient the necessary prescription drugs.

Sarfraz Fayaz Khan [3] has used RFID tags and the Internet of Things to create a helpful patient monitoring kit. However, it lacks the preventative actions that our study discusses, such as managing the appliances and giving the patient their prescribed medications.

Only keeping an eye on the patient's health and notifying physicians and family members of any changes have been taken into consideration by Freddy Jimenez et al. [4]. Furthermore, it lacks the appliance control that is a part of our solution; instead, it is solely concerned with monitoring and promptly notifying the appropriate parties. S. Siva [5] et al. have shown how to use the smart hospital system to always have the details about patient's vitals. The spark kit can be used to keep an eye on the patients' health. It takes the patient's temperature and heart rate, sending out an alarm signal if any of the metrics exceed the pre-established threshold.

III. WORKING

A. Block Diagram

This project uses the Internet of Things to detect the patient's numerous metrics. In Internet of Things (IoT)-based health monitoring systems, the doctor receives real-time patient data via an internet connection via a GSM or Wi-Fi module. In our present project, we are sending alert calls or messages to the doctor or anybody else who knows the patient using a GSM module. The user can access the details at any moment by having the collected data emailed to any location in the world. Doctors and their loved ones can frequently view patient health data with Internet of Things (IoT) based monitoring equipment. The reason for this is that the data is only accessible via a web page or a laptop address while the impacted person tracking system is based on the Global System for Mobile Speech Communication.

IoT primarily based totally fitness tracking structures have diverse senses. Initially they feel the temperature degree, pulse rate, hand second that's connected with the movement of frame and oxygen degree of the affected person with the assist of temperature sensor, heartbeat sensor, flex sensor, frame fall sensor and oximeter sensor. Whenever any unique fitness parameter is going past an appropriate restrict or any odd scenario arises,an alert is ship to the medical doctor on this proposed system. By which the medical doctor or the caretaker will take right motion right away. The corresponding medical doctor might be notified right away letting them offer the right remedy in time. This is extraordinarily beneficial because the medical doctor will come across the affected person`s fitness parameters definitely through traveling a web internet site or IP address. And nowadays numerous IoT apps also are being developed. So the medical doctor and family will screen or music the affected person`s fitness via Android apps.

IV. HARDWARE COMPNENTS

The hardware components required for this project are:

• Arduino UNO
• Body fall sensor
• Flex sensor
• Oximeter
• Pulse sensor/ Heartbeat sensor
• Temperature sensor
• LCD display
• GSM Module (SIM900A)

A. Arduino UNO

It is made up of a microcontroller or programmable printed circuit and the free software Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), which is used to write computer code and upload it to the physical board. Computer code is written and loaded onto a physical disc using it.

B. Body Fall Sensor (ADXL345)

ADXL345 measures both static acceleration due to gravity and dynamic acceleration due to movement or impact. The sensors are supplied in a small 3 x 5 x 1 mm 14-pin LGA package. This sensor can be used in many mobile phone applications, such as game consoles, mobile phones, pointing devices, personal navigation systems, hard security devices and industrial and medical instruments.

VI. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

A. Advantages

1. Dodge sitting around idly and vitality.
2. A therapeutic emergency can be deflected with the assistance of real-time inaccessible observing through connected IoT gadgets and shrewd notices that can recognize and treat afflictions.
3. Productive healthcare plans can be created by analyzing totaled information gotten from various patients to distinguish wellbeing patterns and designs. This approach makes strides the understanding of populace wellbeing.

B. Disadvantages

1. There may be integration complexity when coordination diverse IoT stages, sensors, and gadgets from diverse producers.
2. Securing understanding security and secrecy requires solid security measures and encryption procedures.
3. Although IoT has the potential to lower healthcare costs within the long run, healing center arrangement and staff preparing costs are significant.

VII. APPLICATIONS

Through the IoT-Based Understanding Wellbeing Observing Framework extend, we are utilizing IoT to monitor a number of quiet parameters. Numerous people can see understanding wellbeing subtle elements within the IoT-based framework. For the client to see this information by means of the app, they only require a useful web association. A GSM module association is required in arrange to run a Web of Things (IoT) based wellbeing checking framework extend. This extend is particularly planned for the elderly in our domestic and for debilitated patients who discover it greatly difficult to visit the specialist on a day by day premise. It is the foremost requesting field within the therapeutic industry. Empower incessant patients' care to be proceeded. Give a stage for unremitting patients to track, screen, and degree their wellbeing. Make information for assessing wellbeing dangers accessible. Follow to ethical quality healthcare methods that run from keeping up clinical records to trading germane information. Patients can counsel with doctors at a remove, sparing time when they visit the clinic.Gathering, assessing, and conveying information in a convenient way.

Conclusion

The advent of IoT-based patient health monitoring systems signifies a revolutionary stride in healthcare technology, promising sweeping advancements with profound implications. By harnessing the capabilities of interconnected devices, real-time data collection, and advanced analytics, these systems are poised to redefine patient care paradigms and empower individuals with greater control over their health. This integrated IoT-based healthcare platform holds immense potential for elevating care quality, fostering patient autonomy, and streamlining healthcare delivery processes to be more efficient and personalized. Our work presents a methodological approach to the development of real-time patient health monitoring systems. Leveraging three sensors to measure critical parameters such as heart rate, body movement, and temperature, our system utilizes Arduino microcontrollers to process sensor inputs and make informed decisions based on contextual factors. The resulting data is then promptly displayed on an LCD screen, facilitating immediate access and interpretation of vital health information and also send an SMS or directs a call to the doctor if any of the sensor reaches or exceeds the threshold value using GSM module. Through rigorous testing and validation, our approach has yielded positive outcomes, underscoring its efficacy and potential for widespread adoption.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2024 T. Srilatha, B. Neha Kiran , K. Srilaxmi, K. Vijaya. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.