Development of Solar Powered Shredder Machine for Waste Management

Abstract

The scope of the project is to design and develop a focused shredder machine for crushing coconut leaves and betel leaves and making compost for shredded dry worms. The project started with the collection of information and data about the user\'s lifestyle and the current process of doing their work. The concepts were developed in the context of four different shredder machines and operating systems. Security factor The concept was developed with the customer operation environment and management in mind. A model has been developed keeping in view the needs and affordability of the customers. The machine consists of a single-phase motor, spur gear, bearing, structural frame, cutter and dual shaft. The frame of the machine is made of mild steel and tungsten carbide is used to prepare the cutter tip. The eight cutters are mounted on two shafts which are rotated parallel by a spur gear. The power from the electric motor is transmitted to the cutter shaft via a belt drive. The inside of the cutting house is cut due to the effect of tension, friction and impact during the cutting process. Cut the coconut leaves and collect the powder at the bottom.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Traditional agro-waste disposal is the traditional and ancient method of disposing of waste in which agricultural waste is dumped as it decomposes at a specific location to decompose. Dumping garbage like this takes longer to decompose and causes environmental pollution. The goal of the waste shredder machine is to reduce agricultural waste and convert it into useful nutrient fertilizer. Agriculture is one of the most important sectors in the Indian economy. Coconut palm cultivation is one of the major sources of livelihood for farmers in Kerala and Karnataka. Awareness is expressed that large quantities of agricultural waste are not being utilized as there are difficulties in the management, storage and management of agricultural waste. This is due to their low bulk density and large area / volume for storage. Farmers in the fields burn most of this waste after harvest. This burning of agricultural waste is repeated every year. In order to use this waste for some economic purposes, it was felt that such a machine would be needed after shredding all types of agricultural waste that are economical and practical.

II. SCOPE OF SHREDDER MACHINE

Literary study is done on the basis of various existing shredder machines and it has been observed in the field survey that labor is widely used to shred agricultural waste and the existing machine price is  also expensive. Overcome these difficulties by designing electric powered machines that increase human fatigue. Safety features such as belts and pulleys and gear coverings are also considered when designing the machine.

III. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Using an electric DC motor for the shredder, an electromechanically operating model was developed that minimized human effort as well as human intervention. The process is much easier compared to previous methods. The machine was first connected to a DC power supply. The cutters are mounted on dual shafts with cutters on each shaft. Dry farm waste is poured into a cutter assembly through a tank. While the coconut leaves are moving towards the cutter, in a rotating motion, the coconut leaves should be grated and cut on the other side of the machine.

IV. COMPONENTS

1. Fr?me  Stru?ture:  size  ?f  4ft*1.5ft*2.5ft  with  re?t?ngle  be?m  mild  steel  fr?me  is  used.
2. H???er :  1.5ft*1ft*1ft  with  mild  steel  ?l?tes  is  used  t?  ??nstru?t.
3. S?l?r  ??nel:  12  v  ,  25  w  is  used. 
4. D?  high  t?rque  M?t?r  :  60  kg  t?rque  ,  500  R?M 
5. B?ttery  :  12V  ,  8  ?m?  is  used
6. Shredder  bl?de  :  mild  steel  thin  sh?r?  bl?de  is  used
7. Belt  ?nd  ?ulley  :  2.5  in?h  sm?ll  ,  4  in?h  big  ?ulley  with  its  belt  ?rr?ngement.
8. Swit?hes  ?nd  wire  
9. ??lle?ting  b?x
10. ?ther

V. FLOW CHART FOR WASTE SHREDDER MACHINE

Figure 2 shows the assembly process of the coconut leaf shredder. The quality of the material is checked at the collection stage in accordance with the design requirements. At this stage the skeleton of the section is made according to the dimensions specified by the design.

At this stage the flow chart of the section is prepared according to the dimensions specified in the design. The frame is made according to the specified design and material. After inserting the shaft go to the cutter assembly to assemble the cutter container, and then fasten the cutter with the key on the shaft and make sure all the cutters on the spacer are not otherwise the cutter may be damaged and this will also produce more noise. And vibration. The motor is mounted on the other side of the frame with the help of bolts and nuts. The tank can be mounted on a cutter assembly to properly feed the coconut leaves. Mount the pulleys and V-belts to set the belt to the correct tension, otherwise the belt will slip. Finally all the assembly work is done and the machine is ready.

VI. EXPERIMENTAL DIAGRAM

The model was developed, which works electromechanically, which reduces human effort as well as human intervention by using an electric DC motor for the shredder. The process is much easier compared to the previous methods. The machine was first connected to a DC power supply. The cutters are mounted on dual shafts with 5 cutters on each shaft. Dry farm waste is fed to the cutter assembly by tank. As the coconut leaves move towards the cutter, it rotates at a speed of 550 rpm and shreds the coconut leaves on the other side of the machine.

VII. CALCULATION

A. S?l?r  ??nel  ??l?ul?ti?n

I?v,  ?h?t?v?lt?i?  ?urrent  =  t?t?l  ?urrent  required  t?  ?h?rge  the  b?ttery  fr?m  the  s?l?r  ??nel

Ei=  in?ut  energy  t?  the  b?ttery

V  =  system  v?lt?ge  =  12V

H  =  ?e?k  sunshine  h?ur,  the  ?ver?ge  number  ?f  h?urs  the  s?l?r  energy  ??n  be  ???tured.  H  =  5hrs.

Thus

I?v=4395.06/  (12  x  5)

=  73.25?m?eres.

In  ?rder  t?  ??m?ens?te  f?r  the  l?sses  due  t?  the  ineffi?ien?y  ?f  the  s?l?r  ??nel,20%  ?f  I?vis  ?dded  s?  th?t

I?v=  73.25  +  (0.2  x  73.25)  =  87.9?.

With  ?  s?l?r  ??nel  ?f  the  ?b?ve  r?ting,  the  ?e?k  ?r  ??en  ?ir?uit  v?lt?ge,  V?  =  12V    ,  25w.

B. ?utting  ?re?  m?de  by  edge  ?f  the  bl?de

?=  W  ×  T

?=  2mm×  2mm

?=  4  mm  2.  7  mm

Where,  ?  =  ?utting  ?re?  m?de  by  edge  ?f  the  bl?de.

W  =  width  ?f  ?utting  edge.

T  =  thi?kness  ?f  ?utting  edge.

C. F?r?e  ??ting  ?n  edge  ?f  the  bl?de

She?r  strength  =  51.71  M??.

She?r  strength  =  F?r?e  /?re?

51.71=  f?r?e  ÷  4

F?r?e  =  206.78  N.

D. T?rque  exerting  ?n  the  bl?de  ?s  well  ?s  sh?ft

T?rque  (T)  =  F?r?e  ×  ?er?endi?ul?r  dist?n?e

T?rque  =  206.78  ×  50×e-3

T?rque  (T)  =  10339  Nm.

E. ??wer  Required

Required  s?eed,  N  =  60  r?m

?  =  (2×Π×N×T)  ÷  60000

?  =  (2×3.143×60×10339)  ÷  60000

?  =  64.92  w.

=>?  =  1  H?  (??r?x.  D?  ??wer  m?t?r  required).

Bl?de  m?teri?l:  mild  steel  [ultim?te  she?r  strength  =  580  M??]

?ssume  f??t?r  ?f  s?fety  [F?S]  =  3

F?S  =  ultim?te  tensile  she?r  strength  ÷  w?rking  she?r  strength

3  =  580  ÷  w?rking  she?r  strength.

Hen?e  design  is  s?fe.

i.e.;  w?rking  she?r  strength  =  193.33  M??  >  51.71  M??.

B. Design  ?f  H???er

V?lume  ?f  the  h???er  = 

Where,  ?1=  ?re?  ?f  t??  b?se

?2=  ?re?  ?f  b?tt?m  b?se

h=  Height  ?f  h???er

V?lume  ?f  the  h???er  =  0.035625  m3

G. Determination of Shaft Diameter

Where,

d  =  di?meter  ?f  the  sh?ft  =  12  mm

?ll?w?ble  she?r  stress  ?f  met?l  with  key  w?y  =  40  ×  106  N/m2

Mb  =  m?ximum  bending  m?ment  =  25.61  Nm

Mt  =  t?rsi?n  m?ment  =  22.3  N

Kb  =  ??mbined  sh??k  ?nd  f?tigue  f??t?r  ???lied  t?  bending  m?ment  =  2.0  (sudden  l??ding)

Kt  =  ??mbined  sh??k  ?nd  f?tigue  f??t?r  ???lied  t?  t?rsi?n?l  m?ment  =  2.0  (sudden  l??ding)

H. Selection of Pulley and Speed of Shaft

By  studying  v?ri?us  rese?r?h  ???ers  ?n  design  ?f  ?l?sti?  w?ste  shredding  m??hine  we  sele?t  the  ?  s?eed  ?f  fin?l  ?ut?ut  sh?ft,  ?nd  the  di?meter  ?f  ?ulley.  We  ?ssume  th?t  the  in?ut  s?eed  ?s  ?er  the  m?t?r  s?e?ifi??ti?n  whi?h  is  menti?ned  ?s  bel?w.

We  sele?t  the  m?t?r  ?f  ½  H?  (d?  high  t?rque).  ?nd  ?ssume  the  m?t?r  s?eed  is  300  r?m.  The  ??l?ul?ti?n  f?r  determin?ti?n  ?f  ?ulley  di?meter  ?nd  the  s?eed  ?f  ?ut?ut  sh?ft  is  given  ?s  bel?w

M?t?r  ??wer  =  1  H?  (D?  high  t?rque)

=  0.372849  kW

S?eed  ?f  the  M?t?r  =  300  r?m

Di?meter  ?f  ?ulley  1  =  30  mm  (d)

S?eed  =  300  r?m  (N1)

Di?meter  ?f  ?ulley  2  =  254  mm  (D)

S?eed  (N2)  =?

N2  =  35  r?m

I. ?utting  Bl?de

T?t?l  ?utter  ?n  ?ne  sh?ft  5  ?nd  4  ?utter  ?n  ?ther  sh?ft

S?  th?t,

9  ?utters  divided  in  2  set

Number  ?f  ?utter=9

=9/2

=4.5  set  dist?n?e

??wer  requirement  by  ?utting  system 

?utting  f?r?es

F?  =  (Ks*S)/G

=  (4*15)

F?  =  60N

F?=?utting  f?r?es  ?f  ???er  (kg)

Ks=  te?r  strength  ?f  ???er  (n)

S=m?x  ???er  l??d  (sheet)

G=gr?vity  (m/s2)

F?=  F?*n?.  ?f  bl?de

=  60*9

=  540  N

D  =  Di?meter  ?f  bl?de  6  in?h=152  mm

T  =  F?*D/2

=  540*152/2

=  41040  N.M

VIII. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The development of solar powered shredder machine for waste management is in performance testing. Shredder machine performance is measured using the amount of shredded powder at different time intervals. The machine cutter assembly is capable of cutting 5-10 kg of organic waste, but manual cutting of organic leaves is very laborious and time consuming. Performance testing was performed on an advanced agricultural waste shredder machine to ensure its compatibility and working efficiency. The graph below shows the time V / s weight of the powder. The graph clearly shows the amount of waste collected over time. The test is performed at 4 different intervals.

Conclusion

Waste recycling is an effective way to improve environmental performance. With the help of this portable shredding machine, organic waste, paper, cardboard, lightweight plastics, cables, etc. can be wiped out. That is why we have designed and manufactured a solar powered portable shredding machine. The following important points are incorrect from our project work 1) The developed model is simpler, more efficient, less time consuming and less expensive than the available models. 2) User friendliness and importance in operation is primarily given to security. Rotating elements such as belts and pulleys and gears are covered, so it is completely safe for the operator. 3) The assembly was checked for tightness and found to be reliable. 4) The overall performance of the shredder machine is satisfactory considering the amount of powder produced over time.\\

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Mohit Waghmare, Dnyaneshwar Nasane, Jay Charpe, Kuldeep Kushwaha, Rupal Kose, Subhash Thawkar, Prof. Manish Giripunje. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.