Differences and Similarities of Derivative Adverbs in Uzbek and Korean Languages

Abstract

In this article, we will look at the differences and similarities between the derivative adverbs in the Korean and Uzbek languages, and we can see that in the Korean language they are phraseological units and syntactically cannot function as a case. This proves once again that Uzbek is a rich language.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Although Uzbek and Korean belong to the Altaic language family, which is a language family, we can see grammatical differences and similarities in the language. We are in this chapter, primarily Uzbek and Korean. we are talking about the different aspects of derivative adverbs in languages.

First of all, if we pay attention to the types of advebs in the Uzbek language, we can see that the types of adverbs are as followings:

Adverbs of manner: selflessly, obliquely, narrowly, hardly, kindly, from top the toe, frankly, slowly, trackingly, on foot, secretly, chronically, thoroughly, freely, directly, lively, vertically, suddenly

Babur felt deeply that  separated from his homeland yet. (P.Q.).

The cool breeze came and the applause was our triumphant flag (A.M.)

 The audience is silent, everyone is looking at her. (P.Q.).

Adverbs of degree. In response to the question of how much/how many?, refers to the degree to which an action and state is performed.

Examples of degree-quantitative adverbs are: hardly, entirely, accordingly, affordable, extremely, satisfactorily, infinitely, less.

Abundant light shines, our dear sun from the sky (E.Vakhidov).

But the mirror was so dim that I could barely see my own face (O.H.).

Adverbs of place: there, here, here, there, forward, in the middle, nowhere, far away, forward, out, down, left, right.

If a person looks around while he is speaking, then it is a transiently. (from the hadith).

Elderly Nazarali ota is here (G'ulom).

Adverbs of time include such expressions that refer the time of the action: in the morning, relentlessly, internally, rarely, yet, early, day after the tomorrow. For example:

If you want to mention the faults of ayour friend, firstly, remember your own guilt! (Imam Ismail al-Bukhari).

 ' Today is your birthday, Today your house will full of flowers (H.O.).

Adverbs of purpose: intentionally, deliberately expressingly, occasionally, wittingly are  such adverbs,  which indicate the purpose for which the action is performed. For example,

Towards the tall buildings, We went deliberately.  (Po'lat Mo'min).

Adverbs of reason: reluctantly, unwillingly , uselessly, hardly.

According to Kunduzoy's urge, he reluctantly went to the front row and sat down (Aydin).

There are several types of advebs in Korean, as well as in Uzbek. We can only see that these species are slightly different from the Uzbek ones. Below we can see the highlighted types of Korean forms:

General adverbs (????): very(??), very(??), much more( ??), extremely (??), again(?), all(??), great (???), too(??), together (??), with (??), generally(??), morning (??).

? ?? ??? ?? ? ????.

This medication helps with colds.

??? ??? ?? ???.

It is very cold today.

? ?? ?? ?? ???.

That dress looks so much better.

??? ???? ????? ? ?? ?? ????.

People like to go, so I wish I could buy more.

???? ??? ??? ?????.

The weather was much better than it was at night.

 a

Adverbs of imitation (????): These are the ways in which they imitate sounds or imitate objects. We can add the followings: ??, ??, ??, ??, ????, ??, ??, ????, ????, ????.

??? ??? ???? ?? ????.

The lesson bell is ringing 'tteng-tteng'.

?? ??? ???? ?? ????.

Small houses are clustered together.

?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ????.

Oranges flying softly in the sky are very kind to each other.

???? ? ?? ?? ??? ????.

There is a squeaking sound of footsteps in the snow.

?? ???? ???? ???????.

I sneaked out of the conference room.

Adverbs of place: ), ??(here), ??(there), ??(that), ??(here), ??(there), ??(that).

(buyer), geogi (uyer), geogi (here and there) and others.

?? ?? ??? ???? ???.

Come here and let's talk in detail.

??? ?? ???? ???? ???.

You have to go there and change the subway.

??? ?? ???? ????.

 you go there, you will come to a crossroads.

?? ?? ? ??? ???.

Here's my bus coming.

?? ?? ???? ?????

Is there any problem there?

Adverbs of time are followings: (????): ?? (sometimes),??  (tomorrow), ?(always), , ??(again) ??(the day after), ?? (already),?? ( before), ??(yesterday), ??(when).

?? ??? ???? ??????

When can I go to yours?

?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????.

Yesterday I got a call from a person I met a long time ago.

?? ??? ?? ?????.

I am going on a trip the day after tomorrow.

?? ?? ??? ????

There is a midterm exam today.

?? ? ??? ??? ???? ? ????

Now let's talk about this topic.

Also, unlike Uzbek, Korean has a type of negative adverbs called (????), which can be exemplified by the negative adverbs  ?(not to do)  and ?(can not)². The difference between this and the Uzbek language is that these negative adverbs are expressed in the Uzbek language by the negative particle In other words, the verb is denied by the Uzbek preposition "-moq". In this case, this suffix is added to the verb. In Korean, these words are used before verbs and adjectives to deny.

??? ?? ? ????.

I didn't sleep yesterday.

?? ??? ? ???.

I can't swim.

?? ??? ??? ? ???.

I don't watch scary movies.

??? ?? ?? ? ????.

When I see injustice, I can't stand it.

?? ? ??? ? ?? ? ????.

I've never seen that person.

Adverbs of speech: (????): ?? (in fact), ??(very), ??(really), ??(of course), ????(definitely), ?? (finally). While in Korean we use such words as adverbs of speech in Uzbek it is used as an introductory sentence.

??, ? ??? ??????!

In fact, these rumors turned out to be true.

??, ?? ??? ????!

In fact, he was an orderly man.

??, ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ?? ????.

Of course, it is not necessary that we clearly attend the meeting.

??, ??? ???? ?????.

Really, fall is a beautiful season.

????, ??? ?? ??? ???.

After all, a person must have a dream.

Adverbs of conjunction: These adverbs connect word to word, sentence to sentence. These include: ?(clearly), ?(??(again), ??? (unexpectedly), ??? (vise versa), ???(rather than), ?(and), ??? (on top of that). We have included words like this in Korean in the form of conjunctions. But in Uzbek these are auxiliary words studied in the connective tissue of the series.

??? ?, ???.

Time is gold.

??? ? ????? ???.

We won the soccer match again.

????? ?? ???? ??? ? ???? ??.

Vise versa, fans of soccer are excited.

??? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??.

When it comes to punishment, on the contrary, he is angry.

??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???.

The weather is so cold, and there is no electricity.

Thus, it is clear from the above examples that in both Uzbek and Korean, the adverbs have their place. We can see their differences in their division into species. For example, in our Uzbek language, in addition to the words in the category of adverbs in Korean, imitation words, prepositions and conjunctions are also studied on the basis of adverbs.

In this chapter, we will look at the differences and similarities of adverbs  between the Uzbek and Korean . First of all, we need to know that the Uzbek language is characterized by a large number of word-forming affixes. Similarly, a number of constructive suffixes are used in word formation in Korean. In particular, the case of adverb formation is also unique in that the formation of words belonging to adverb word groups by adding certain suffixes from different word groups is also unique. From this point of view we can see that the two languages ??have similar aspects to each other. Thus, the peculiarities of the forms in both Uzbek and Korean are as follows:

1. In both Uzbek and Korean, the prepositions precede the verb, and the mode of action, time, place, degree is a set of words denoting the amount.

??? ???? ?? ?????.

I barely passed because of the difficulty of the exam.

??? ?? ?? ? ?? ???.

This is absolutely unbelievable.

?? ??? ??? ??? ?????

 Where did the man sitting here go?

2. In the Uzbek language there are a number of adverbs that occur in the form of words. They are compound forms and are formed by word-for-word addition. As a result, double and iterative forms are created. For example, row by row, a little, everywhere, in turn, by itself, far away, open, disorderly and so on. In the Uzbek language, the pair adverbs  is one of the place adverbs and one of the situational adverbs. For example,

We pushed the tables from here to there.(adverbs of place)

 He made breakfast from time to time. (Adverbs of time)

We firmly believe in the complete and unequivocal triumph of communism. ("S. Uzb.")

Rahim came running, hurriedly ate for a while, and immediately left.

Many of our compatriots were persecuted in those years.

Shortly after the break, the students were called name by name and invited into the rooms.

Aziza then spoke at long-term about the conversation.

A few of the girls danced on their own.

We can also see the semantic forms in the Uzbek language. These include: silently, far away, in the morning, away, early, the after day, suddenly, together, in a hurry.

The next morning they decided to go to the governor's office (Sh. Sa'dulla)

It was very cold yesterday. (Sh. Sa'dulla)

Issac suddenly remembered what had happened last night.

 The recent incident at the Oqsaroy station has shocked us.

Suddenly the door opened. Lying on his back,  the old man's eyes were dimly lit,  blank who was wrapping his chest in cold quilt.

Suddenly a bone handle, a bottle on the handle, from the corner of my father's kerza boots the eyes drew the stuck knife. (Sh.Jalil)

If we look at the above examples one by one, we can see the spiritual changes that occur as a result of the addition of conjunctions to the adverbs. For example, adding the suffix -ga to a word suddenly means that an action occurs suddenly. Or the meaning of time is expressed by adding the place-time suffix to the word close.

In Korean, the word adverbs are used in the same way as in Uzbek. Examples of such expressions in Korean include:??, ??, ?, ???, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ?, ???, ???, ???, ?? and etc.

?? ?? ?? ?? ???????

The book I read yesterday was very interesting.

?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ? ???.

Buying some things from the market, on the other hand, is expensive.

?? ??? ??. ??? ??? ????!

Even birds know grace too. How much less to be human!

??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????.

 It will probably snow a lot tomorrow.

From the above, if we look at the words in the Korean adverb word group, we can see that these words sometimes do not match in the Uzbek language. Although these words come before the verb as in the Uzbek language and express the sign of the action, they are morphologically different word groups.

This means that in Korean, adverbs are repeated only when they are made with imitation words. That is, by saying a certain situation or sound twice, we form a pair of words.

Also phraseological units belonging to the category of ravish in Uzbek language

we can also meet. Although such words do not belong to the category of adverbs, they are morphologically a function of ravish, and syntactically a case word serves as a series. For example, from two threads to a needle, in both worlds, from a mystery to a mystery, and so on, are phraseologisms.

In Korean, we cannot make phraseological units by using phraseological units in pairs or repetitions of words like the ones above. In the formation of phraseologies in Korean, it is mainly done by adding other words with one verb. Also, most of the phraseology in Korean belongs to phrases that come mainly from Chinese. For example, from the addition of other words to the verb:

?? ??? – tight to the paper

?? ??? – unable to keep a secret

From a phrase from the Chinese language:

???? – hitting two rabbits with one arrow

???? – the nearest neighbor is better than the far relative.

From the above, we can conclude that in the Korean language, phraseological units are adverbs and syntactically, can not perform the function of the manner. This proves once again that Uzbek is a rich language.

References

[1] Kim Chun Shik Theoretical Grammar of Korean. - Samarkand 2007. 76-b. [2] Kim Mun Uk, Ismailov Anvar and b. Korean grammar. -Tashkent 2007. 105-p. [3] Nurmonov A., Mahmudov N. Modern Uzbek literary language. -Tashkent, Ilm Ziyo. 2010. 190-p. [4] Boltayeva G. Theoretical grammar of the Uzbek language (lecture text). Navoi 2009. [5] Chve Mi Ok Korean grammar. Samarkand 2006. 214-p. [6] Hamroyev M. A., Muhamedova D. \"Mother tongue\". - Tashkent 2008. [7] Journal of Korean Studies. Korea, Seoul, Kangnam University,2006.

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 S. F. Turakulova. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.