Comparison of Different MATLAB Environments for Designing DC Motor Main Dimensions

Abstract

DC motor is an important device for various industries due to its variable speed control, efficiency, reliability and versatility. The Design calculations of DC Motor are long and tedious process if done manually. A program can be made in any programming language, but again the program length is large, and it is difficult to understand and summarize the design steps in short. In this paper an effort has been made to understand the Design Procedure of a DC Motor using different MATLAB environments. Design of main dimensions of DC Motor was done in three MATLAB environments. First by writing program in editor file, second using Simulink block sets and lastly by forming MATLAB GUI interface. Comparison between each method is discussed in short.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

DC Motor is an important device used in Industries today. DC motors are very versatile, controllable, and reliable, making them useful in a wide range of industries.  [1].

The design of DC Motor is a huge business in the electrical power industry. Basically, the aim of designing a DC Motor is to obtain the dimensions of all parts of the DC Motor in order to supply these data to the manufacturer. But, the complexity of designing DC Motor demands reliable and rigorous solution methods. DC Motor design is a complex task in which engineers have to ensure that the imposed specifications are met, at the same time keeping manufacturing cost at lower side [2][3]. It is difficult to meet accurately today’s DC Motor electrical parameters via conventional design techniques .

Computer-aided design (CAD) of DC Motor is a method by which they are designed with the use of programming software packages among which are C++, Java, and MATLAB etc.[4]The other method of designing DC Motor is the manual method, which offers a more laborious process due to its long mathematical calculations which are error-prone, time-consuming and less effective when compared to the CAD method. MATLAB program for DC Motor design is also very long, and it becomes difficult to understand the flow of design processes by going through the longer coding. [5-7]

In this paper, DC Motor main dimensions design is realized in three different MATLAB environments. To overcome the difficulty in understanding the longer programs and for analyzing the step by step design DC Motor procedure, a MATLAB GUI model and MATLAB Simulink Model are formed [9-10].

II. DC MOTOR DESIGN STEPS

A DC Motor goes through a number of optimizations in the design process to guarantee that it will function as intended and run smoothly. Motor Torque-speed characteristics, efficiency, power rating, size constraints, and performance requirements etc., are to be considered first for starting the design process. Stator of DC motor provides the stationary magnetic field necessary for the motor's operation. Usually, laminated steel sheets are stacked to create a cylindrical or rectangular shape for the stator core. These laminations increase the motor's efficiency by lowering eddy current losses. In addition to offering mechanical support, the core directs magnetic flux. Often, the core is sliced with slots to make room for the field winding. The field winding is wound around the slots in the stator core. It consists of coils of insulated wire, usually made of copper. When a current flows through the field winding, it generates a magnetic field perpendicular to the rotor's rotation axis. The direction of this magnetic field determines the direction of rotation of the motor.[8]

The rotor of a DC motor is responsible for converting Electrical energy into Mechanical energy. The shaft offers mechanical support and acts as the rotor's main axis of rotation. Like the stator core, the rotor core is frequently composed of laminated steel sheets. These laminations increase efficiency and decrease eddy current losses. In order to fit the armature winding, the rotor core, which is mounted on the shaft, contains slots. Armature winding consists of coils of insulated copper wire. When a current is passed through the armature winding, it generates a magnetic field that interacts with the magnetic field produced by the stator, resulting in the rotation of the rotor.

The Commutator, a cylinder-shaped arrangement of copper segments that are isolated from one another, is located at one end of the rotor. These segments are connected to the armature winding. The Commutator segments come into touch with brushes, and transmit power from the stationary terminals to the rotating armature winding.

Conclusion

To analyze the DC Motor design three different environments are used in MATLAB software. Model was developed with the friendly GUI interface to take the input which is processed by the program coded giving the design parameters and efficiency as the output. As compared to computer program in any language such as C, C++ or MATLAB, understanding design flow is much easier in GUI interface. This system can be used for preliminary design of DC Motor for manufacturing. The GUI model or program couldn’t be used for the manufacturing process as the specification and parameters are within limited range up to certain rating of DC Motor. The program can be improvised to accommodate the need and the demand also. The major purpose of the paper is to make it as an educational tool for understanding the t DC Motor design process.

References

[1] AK Sawhney and A Chakrabarti. Course in electrical machine design. Dhanpat Rai, 2010. [2] Balogh Tibor, Viliam Fedák, František ?urovský. Modeling and Simulation of the BLDC Motor in MATLAB GUI. IEEE, 2011. [3] Jethwani, A., Aseri, D., Singh, T. S., & Jain, A. K. (2016). A simpler approach to the modelling of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC machine in MATLAB environment. 2016 IEEE 6th International Conference on Power Systems (ICPS). [4] F. Liu, X. ming, D. Lei and X. He, \"Design of DC motor operation monitoring system based on Matlab GUI,\" 2021 IEEE 5th Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC), Chongqing, China, 2021, pp. 1211-1215, doi: 10.1109/IAEAC50856.2021.9390686. [5] Donabel Abuan, Konstantin Gaticales, Elmer P. Dadios, \"Microprocessor Interfacing: Bidirectional Motor, Automata Vehicular Locomotion Programmed with MATLAB and Arduino IDE\", 2022 International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS), pp.131-135, 2022. [6] “DC Motor Design and Characteristics Using Matlab”, J. eng. sustain. dev., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 197–207, May 2014, Accessed: Mar. 27, 2024. [7] Assefa, Alemie. (2023). Design GUI App on MATLAB for Comparison Analysis of LQR and Pole Placement Controller for Speed Control of DC Motor. Automation Control and Intelligent Systems. 11. 45-56. 10.11648/j.acis.20231103.11. [8] V. Sigarev, T. Kuzmina and A. Krasilnikov, \"Real-time control system for a DC motor,\" 2016 IEEE NW Russia Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Conference (EIConRusNW), St. Petersburg, Russia, 2016, pp. 689-690, doi: 10.1109/EIConRusNW.2016.7448276. [9] P. Verma, P. Gupta and B. Kumar, \"Graphical user interface(GUI) to study DC motor dynamic characteristics,\" 2017 International conference of Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA), Coimbatore, India, 2017, pp. 649-654, doi: 10.1109/ICECA.2017.8212746. [10] Balogh Tibor, Viliam Fedák, František ?urovský, “Modeling and Simulation of the BLDC Motor in MATLAB GUI”, International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, pp. 1403-1407, 2011.

Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Ms. Niharika Gupta , Mr. Sagar Manjrekar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.