Effect of Rice Husk Ash on the Properties of Concrete

Abstract

As a binder for infrastructure development, conventional Portland cement is currently the primary material that is used. However, cement production has a substantial impact on the environment, and many pozzolanic materials can reduce their carbon footprint with conventional Portland cement. In this experimental study, replacement of OPC (ordinary portland cement) is replaced with the ash produced from rice husk (An agricultural waste) and analyzed for durability and strength performance in concrete samples and mortar as well as chemical composition analysis and microstructure observation of rice hull ash according to X-ray differential test data were also conducted in the research analysis. it is produced by burning of husk (produced by rice barley waste) of oxygen for the production of rice husk ash. Its chemical composition is rich in silicates and aluminates which promotes the binding property of ordinary Portland cement and does not affect the IST(Initial setting time), FST(Final setting time) and does not increase the fineness of the cement particles hence it gives significant results with cement replacement. It was determined that 10% rice husk ash replacement was the optimum value for rice husk ash replacement based on the strength and workability criteria of the concrete quality assurance system.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Present world is the world of the development of infrastructure and society is growing in very fast manner very fast-growing manner and concrete is the back bone of the present infrastructure it is second largest using material in construction after essential water , concrete is made of four basic elements as water, cement fine and coarse aggregate where mortar (cement and water) is a major source of increment of carbon footprint in the environment, in the other hand the use of cheaper, locally produced materials may slow the growth in construction costs. Recycled products from manufacturing and agriculture can be used in construction. You can find the right type of waste in the right amount in a landfill and use it to make concrete. A good example is rice husk. For example, after grinding rice, the hulls remain and are considered agricultural waste. It was determined that the rice accounted for 80% of the total mass of the rice and the hulls accounted for the remaining 20%. Manufacturing plants burn the shells to generate steam and electricity. (Naveen, 2015) About 75% of rice hulls are biological material and the remaining 25% is ash, commonly known as rice hull (RHA). At the turn of the century, cement and concrete manufacturers increased their spending on mineral additives. In some cases, cement is being replaced as an alternative to keep up with the sky rocketing need of concrete say cement because need of concrete organicaly raise demand of the cement. Significant cost savings can be achieved by replacing Portland cement with ligno-cellulosic. While landfilling or incinerating large amounts of trash are both bad for the environment, using by-products found to be a promising choice. RHA is composed of amorphous silica (80-90%), potassium oxide (K2O) (1-2%), and sunburn carbon (the rest). Mixing RHA with Portland cement is the same as using any other type of concrete. (Akeke, 2012) To know the peak value or optimum alteration of the rice husk ash in the concrete at the place of the conventional Portland cement, we measured the concrete's strength, fracture toughness, flexural modulus, and ultrasonic beam velocity. In its place, we used a range of percentages of Cement Concrete (Grade 43) in place of ash from rice husks (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%). The cement content, aggregates, or cement that were incorporated into the design mix were subjected to a battery of biological and mechanical testing. Plasticizers (Polymer base, 1% by weight) make 0.45 water/cement concrete more manageable. Hardened concrete compression tests were performed after 7 and 28 days, according to the requirements of the relevant ARE standard. (Javed, 2018).

II. INDIAN RICE HUSK ASH

India is a big producer of good quality rice therefore it also generate high amount of waste through rice paddy, in the world and consequently generates large amounts of paddy waste. Paddy waste can be divided into two categories, straw, and husk, which have serious environmental impacts.

Straw and husk are the most important by-products of rice cultivation in India. Rice straw is the stems, leaves, and hulls of rice plants, which are often burned resulting in significant greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. The burning of rice straw also causes soil degradation, organic matter loss, and soil quality degradation. In addition, when the rice straw is burned, harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulfurous acid gas are emitted, causing health problems such as difficulty breathing.

On the other way , it is a protective coating on grain and is usually burned for energy. However, burning the shells releases large amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Additionally, the ash from burning rice hulls is difficult to dispose of and poses a serious health and environmental hazard.

Therefore, it is urgent to turn waste from rice fields into valuable resources instead of burning them. Several innovative methods have been proposed to achieve this objective, such as using rice straw as animal feed, composting, and generating electricity from rice husks. For instance, rice straw can be used as fodder and feed for livestock, which can help farmers earn an additional income. Farmers can also convert waste into valuable fertilizer by composting rice straw, which can help improve soil fertility.

In conclusion, waste from paddy fields in India leads to significant environmental and health implications, particularly through the burning of straw and husk. However, if treated as a valuable resource, it can be used to generate income and improve farming practices. Governments and stakeholders must invest in innovative methods and technologies for efficient waste management to create a sustainable agricultural system in India. Rice paady and rice husk ratio is 5:1 , and rice husk to the ash produced by rice husk is in the ration of the 5:1 hence 1kg paddy produce 40gm of rice husk ash. Rice husks are rice husks that might be grown to become over for the duration of the rice husking process. a thousand kg of rice produces approximately two hundred kg of rice husk, which whilst burned produces approximately forty kg of ash. Rice husks account for approximately one 5th of three hundred million lots of rice produced with inside the international every year. I believe Mehta's report8, the modern annual manufacturing of rice is ready 500 million lots, of which approximately one hundred million lots of rice husk is used as mill waste rice Rice husks also are now no longer used as animal feed due to the fact they have got low dietary homes and their strangely hard floor is actually undamaged and might motive actual melting problems. Short-time period combustion of rice husks at 500-600°C for two hours produces a combustion residue containing unborn carbon and denatured silica

III. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH

The objective of this qualitative research work is to determine the peak value of the cement replacement with conventional Indian rice husk ash.

IS 10262:2019 code of concrete design is adopted for the design the concrete mix.

Conclusion

1) There are Significant results are observed by applying rice husk ash in the concrete as fresh results and hard strength tests as well. 2) Workability is decreasing linearly with respect to rice husk ash adulteration due to high water absorption and porosity of rice husk ash, but workability results are under the range of the permissible value according to Indian standards. 3) Significant change in compressive quality is watched up to 25% substitution of cement with rice husk ash, ideal increment in quality is +25.26% in 4 week quality. 4) Flexural strength and split tensile strength also give significant positive changes up to 20% adulteration of the cement with rice husk ash. 5) An optimum value of rice husk utilization in this research analysis is 25% observed on the basis of compressive strength results.

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Copyright © 2023 Sachin Singh, Dr. Abhilash Shukla. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.