Effect of Stiffener Braces on Behaviour of Bamboo Bridge

Abstract

This study aims to assess the structural, environmental, and economic implications of integrating bamboo into the design of deployable pedestrian bridges. The unique deployability requirement of such bridges, necessitating easy transportation, assembly, and disassembly, adds complexity but offers suitability for temporary or emergency use. The paper presents a comparative analysis of deployable pedestrian bridges constructed with different geometrical bamboo decks for six distinct cases abbreviated from Case BC1 to Case BC6. Objective is to study the effect of deck geometry on deflection of pedestrian deployable bamboo foot bridge. The study concludes with recommendations, noting that geometry plays an important role when using deployable bridge. Case BC6 is efficient in displacement but BC4 i.e. when using bamboo with triple longitudinal support observed to be most efficient when compared to other geometry cases for all parameters and should be recommended that the behaviour of bridge as per usage, always use bamboo with triple longitudinal support i.e. case BC4.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Pedestrian bridges stand as essential elements in urban infrastructure, enabling safe passage over obstacles and fostering community connectivity. With a growing emphasis on sustainable construction practices, there's increasing interest in exploring alternative materials such as bamboo alongside conventional options like steel. This analysis delves into the feasibility and performance of deployable pedestrian bridges crafted from a fusion of steel and bamboo materials, with a focus on various geometric configurations of bamboo. While steel remains a cornerstone in bridge construction, prized for its strength, durability, and adaptability, concerns regarding environmental impact have spurred a quest for greener alternatives without compromising structural integrity. Bamboo, with its rapid growth, impressive strength-to-weight ratio, and renewable nature, emerges as a promising candidate. This analysis shifts its lens to examine the potential of different geometrical configurations of bamboo in deployable pedestrian bridge design. By exploring how variations in bamboo's geometric layout influence structural performance, environmental sustainability, and overall feasibility, this study aims to chart a path towards innovative and eco-conscious urban infrastructure solutions.

II. PERSPECTIVES ON DEPLOYABLE PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES

Deployable pedestrian bridges represent a pioneering frontier in modern civil engineering, presenting inventive resolutions to urban connectivity hurdles. Engineered for swift assembly, disassembly, and mobility, these bridges serve as critical conduits for pedestrian traffic over transient impediments like construction zones, water bodies, or event locales. Their emergence epitomizes a dynamic paradigm in infrastructure advancement, addressing the evolving requisites of contemporary cities. In contrast to conventional fixed structures, deployable pedestrian bridges offer adaptable, temporary remedies ideally suited for exigencies, special occasions, or short-term construction requirements.

Several key areas warrant focused attention when considering deployable pedestrian bridges:

Firstly, structural considerations are paramount. Evaluating the structural integrity, load-bearing capacity, and resilience of the bridge ensures its stability and safety during use. Secondly, deployment strategies play a crucial role. Exploring efficient and practical methods for assembling, disassembling, and deploying the bridge on-site is essential to its functionality and effectiveness.

Thirdly, transportation logistics must be carefully addressed. Planning for the compact packaging, easy transport, and logistical challenges associated with moving bridge components to various locations ensures smooth deployment and operational readiness. Ensuring safety and accessibility is another critical aspect. Incorporating features to mitigate risks, comply with safety standards, and accommodate pedestrians of all abilities promotes usability and reduces potential hazards.

Lastly, examining case studies and real-world applications provides valuable insights. Analysing existing deployments, successes, and challenges helps refine design principles, identify best practices, and inform future projects, fostering continuous improvement in deployable pedestrian bridge design and implementation.

III. PROCEDURE AND 3D MODELLING OF THE STRUCTURE

Comprehensive input data and its descriptions about the model given below. This input data used for creation of simulation of deployable pedestrian bridge made up of steel and bamboo material and using pedestrian loading under the guidance of IRC 6: 2017.

A. General Data Used

The bridge has a width of 1.5 meters, a span of 5 meters, and a height of 2 meters. It is designed as a deployable scissor type bridge. The bamboo type used is Awi Temen (Gigan Tochla Atler), with a modulus of elasticity of 17.20 GPa, Poisson’s ratio of 0.15, density of 0.76 g/cm³ (equivalent to 74.556 kN/m³), damping of 0.63%, and tensile strength of 195.250 N/mm² (equivalent to 195250 kN/m²). The culm diameter is 8 cm (80 mm) with a wall thickness of 8 mm. The total height of the bamboo culm is 12 meters.

The bridge experiences a dead load consisting of its own self-weight and a live load of 5 kN/m, representing pedestrian traffic.

As per IRC 6:2017, the load combinations are as follows:

1. Load combination 1: Consists of the dead load (DL) and live load (LL).
2. Load combination 2: Comprises 1.35 times the dead load (1.35DL) plus the live load (LL).
3. Load combination 3: Involves 1.35 times the dead load (1.35DL) plus 1.5 times the live load (1.5LL).

VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I, Piyush Ghudawat, M. Tech. Student, would like to thank Dr. Umesh Pendharkar, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Ujjain Engineering College, Ujjain, (M.P.), India for his valuable guidance from the commencement of the work up to the completion of the work along with his encouraging thoughts.

Conclusion

Conclusions for effect of geometry on behaviour of bamboo bridge are as follows:- 1) On comparing maximum displacement values in different geometry cases of bamboo deployable bridge generates less displacement with a value of 5.744 mm in case BC4, 12.098 mm in case BC6 and 3.202 mm in case BC6 for x, y and z direction respectively. 2) Observing the axial force values in different geometry cases of bamboo deployable bridge, the minimum value observed with a value of 2.639 KN when using bamboo with triple longitudinal support i.e. case BC4. 3) Comparing the shear forces values in different geometry cases of bamboo deployable bridge, the minimum value observed with a value of 34.339 KN along y and 1.519 KN along z when using bamboo with triple longitudinal support i.e. case BC4. 4) Comparing the bending moment values in different geometry cases of bamboo deployable bridge, the minimum value observed with a value of 0.987 KNm along y and 6.384 KNm along z when using bamboo with triple longitudinal support i.e. case BC4. 5) Torsional moment values in different geometry cases of bamboo deployable bridge, the minimum value observed with a value of 9.800 KNm when using bamboo with triple longitudinal support i.e. case BC4. 6) When comparing the stresses values, the axial stresses has a minimum value of 1.459 N/sq. mm in case BC 4. The shear stresses along y has a minimum value of 33.292 N/sq. mm and along z has a minimum value of 1.473 N/sq. mm respectively. The bending stresses observed a minimum value of 33.257 N/sq. mm along y and 215.125 N/sq. mm along z. For all the stresses, best possible case observed when using bamboo with triple longitudinal support i.e. case BC4. This part of the project concluded that when using bamboo material, the performance of the different types of geometry plays an important role when using deployable bridge. Case BC6 is efficient in displacement but BC4 i.e. when using bamboo with triple longitudinal support observed to be most efficient when compared to other geometry cases for all parameters and should be recommended that the behaviour of bridge as per usage, always use bamboo with triple longitudinal support i.e. case BC4.

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Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Piyush Ghudawat, Dr. Umesh Pendharkar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.