Effects of Partial Replacement of Sand by Crushed E-Waste on Mechanical Properties of Concrete

Abstract

Electronic waste is an increasing issue and a serious pollution problem for the environment and human life. The disposal of electronic waste is becoming a serious problem. The main potential for addressing the disposal of large amounts of electronic waste material is in the construction industry. The excess cost of coarse aggregate has forced civil engineers to find out an alternative solution for the construction materials. So, we can use e-waste as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate. Using electronic waste in construction will not only reduce the waste materials like electronic waste from the earth but also reduce the construction material(concrete) that will lead to economic construction. for Concrete mixes, different rate percentages of E-waste were selected and three different types of conventional and standard specimens have been decided to be partly replaced by E-waste at a percentage rate of 10%, 20%, and 30% for a coarse aggregate. M25 Concrete is usually prepared for conventional specimens without using E-waste aggregates. The results and effectiveness of concrete with e-waste replacement and the physical and mechanical properties of the following have been studied in this paper.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Concrete is the most widely used construction material and is applied in public infrastructure/buildings. Cracks in concrete are one of the inherent weaknesses of concrete.  Based on the continuous research carried out around the world, various advancements have been made from time to time to overcome the deficiencies of cement concrete. The ongoing research in the field of concrete technology has led to the development of special concretes considering the speed of construction the strength of concrete the durability of concrete & the environmental friendliness with the use of industrial materials like fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, etc. Recently, it has been found that E-waste is also used as construction material in alternative methods.

Electronic waste or e-waste defines rejected electrical or electronic devices. Secondhand electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal are also considered e-waste. Electronic waste is an emerging concern posing serious health and hazardous problems to humans and the environment. E-waste disposal is a difficult task for whole over the world. Utilization of E-waste materials is a restricted solution to environmental and ecological problems. The estimated annual generation of electronic waste is 4,00,000 tons which is (10-15%) approximately. The wastes generated from the top cities such as Mumbai, New Delhi, Bangalore and Chennai were calculated to be 10,000 tons, 9,000 tons, 8,000 tons and 6,000 tons respectively. But from these sources, only 4% of it is recycled. Due to the large amount of concrete used as the construction material availability of raw materials is being questioned. Therefore, other replacement materials are needed to be finding out. E-waste is used as one such alternative for concrete materials in concrete. The use of E-waste in concrete on the basis of different researchers and marches strong possibility of E-waste being used as a construction material as well as environmental impact. The use of natural sand in concrete will decrease if different types of by-products are used in concrete as a substitute material. And it is more important to reuse the waste material.

II. SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION

New waste management options require a shift from landfills and incineration to end-of-life (EOL) electronics. The growing need for landfills is a burden for our environment. In addition, with the possibility of disposal and increasing concern for the quality of the environment, new disposal methods are needed. To be successful, it must be based on the fact of its financial stability, performance and social support. The reuse of EOL electricity in the construction industry is one of the environmentalists.

Using e-waste in concrete is not only a good method of disposal but also helps to reduce the cost of construction. In addition, it has many benefits such as reducing waste costs, preventing threats to the environment, saving energy, and protecting the environment from pollution. Therefore, this study, it is aimed to use e-wastes in concrete and to determine the electrical properties of e-materials added to concrete. E-waste is a suitable substitute for coarse aggregate in concrete.

Using e-waste i.e. For example, high-impact polystyrene, makes concrete weaker and less degradable than coarse aggregate. Tests to determine the best e-waste quality that can be added to the M25 concrete class hardened concrete were observed to study the strength parameters of concrete.

III. MATERIALS

A. Cement

Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade UltraTech brand was selected for the casting of specimens. The cement thus procured was tested for physical requirements in accordance with IS: 169-1989 and for the chemical requirement in accordance IS 4032-1988.

The cement used was dry, fine and did not have any lumps. The following tests were conducted on cement and the results are shown in Table I.

Conclusion

1) The cost of crushed E-waste is comparatively equal to that of river sand, sometimes it is cheaper than river sand (depending on the availability of E-waste). 2) By replacing the natural sand with E-sand or crushed E-waste results in a decrease in the weight of the concrete. It also increases the volume of concrete. 3) It is observed that after placing concrete the concrete releases water, so take precautions while adding water to concrete. 4) The mechanical properties of concrete could be maintained by using e-waste up to a certain quantity and can be one of the economical ways for their disposal in an environment-friendly manner.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Dr. Mayuri Chandak, Khushabu Tembhurne, Trupti Gaikwad, Ashutosh Singh, Shubham Katare, Nikita Khadse. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.