Emergence of Womens Literature in Theoretical Poetics

Abstract

The article examines \"Women\'s Literature\" and its emergence, the theoretical basis. The study of \"Women\'s Literature\" in the world literature, as well as the process of its emergence, study and formation in Uzbek literature is described. The contributions of female artists to literature are illuminated by the analysis of their works.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The image of a woman, her mysterious world, her beautiful past have been one of the leading themes in the literature of all nations of the world. They played a major role in ensuring the poetic beauty of their works of art, in feeling the subtlety of the emotions. The image of a woman created by the imagination of the artist can be found in all genres and types of artistic creation. A woman’s social status is directly related to her position in the family. The family is a small unit of society and the attitudes, views, preferences, dreams of the people in society naturally reflect the family environment.

II. MAIN PART

The observation of "women's literature" led to the adoption of the term "women's literature". This science is still in developing process. In world literature, women's literature and its peculiarities are widely studied. In particular, the English writer Virginia Woolf is recognized as one of the creators who made a worthy contribution to women’s literature [4.P.73-82].

In the "women's literature" of the second half of the twentieth century, the following plot and thematic trends can be observed: family - household (conflict); feminization of the female personality in society (alienation from male social dependence); worshiping the philosophy of women’s freedom and returning to the ideal of the institution of the family.

As for "women's literature", it first raises questions about the dominant principles of this type of literary science; second, it defines the methodological boundaries between a “male” approach to literature and a “female” approach specific to the literary period, artistic creation, and text analysis.

Another example of "women's literature" is the work of Ellen Kronen Rose (USA), who compiled a collection of scholarly works dedicated to the twentieth-century English writer Margaret Dreble [5.P.205].American researchers have introduced the concept of "Women's Literature" to science. Indeed, by the middle of the twentieth century, global feminism (Latin feminism - the movement for women's rights in social and public life) was also influencing literature, which is the art of speech. In 1978, Beym published a book entitled "Women's Literature." N. Beym discovered the peculiar typological features of women's works [1.P.7].                                               It analyzes the works of women artists who became very popular in the mid-nineteenth century, but later lost their relevance. These are Catherine - Maria Sedjvik, Sarah Hale, A.Dj. Graves, Maria Mackintosh, Emma Southworth and Carolina Lee Hents, Marie Cumins and Mariam Coles Harris. In analyzing the works of the above creators, Nina Beym discovered the peculiar typological features of the "women's novel". Observations on "Women's Literature" in the field of literature have given rise to the terminological concept of "Women's Literature". This science is still experiencing a period of development. “Virginia Woolf is an English writer who made a worthy contribution to "women's literature[4.P.73] ".Japanese literary critics have studied the works of the writers who formed the "Japanese Women's Literature" and identified its peculiarities, gender characteristics in the creation of the heroic image of women writers. Yu.Rumak analyzed the works of famous writers and showed genetic differences in them. For example, the works of Japanese writers were written in Japanese script (ideographic syllabic, i.e. mixed script), while male writers wrote in Chinese script. Because in medieval Japan, Chinese was considered the language of science, official document, and the language of scholars. Japanese women could not learn Chinese due to its complexity [4.P.23]. Similarly, there are women artists in Uzbek literature who have created a poetic school, and the study of their literary heritage and aesthetic world leads us to such ideas.

As for the image of women in every national literature, it is reflected and perceived in accordance with the nature of that nation, the spirit of the time. Therefore, the characters who act in the same way in the same conditions are different in each literature. In particular, in the legend "Prince and Leopard" of the epic "Golden Light", which is nourished by the ideas of Buddhism,   the princess embodied in the image of- Mother. The motherly affection, the sense of motherhood, which is characteristic of the heroic gentle women, prevails. This fact confirms the desire of mothers to have a child in their hearts from the moment of birth, and shows that despite the fact that human consciousness has improved over time, her heart and feelings can remain unchanged. In the epic "Oguznoma" the qualities of a faerie are reflected in the women who met Oguz Khogan and gave him children. Women appear in the form of an angel who makes men unconscious. They give the impression of fairies who undertook to ensure the continuity of the Hakan dynasty [2.P.331]. The image of the mother has always been embodied in the symbol of glory, greatness, compassion, love. In the most ancient examples of folklore, the images of women are dominated by the symbols of heroism, in some of them the image of heroism and motherhood is mixed, and in others the image of heroism and the beloved companion.Tomaris, Zarina, Pafabek, the daughter of Tonyukuk, and even the Amazon women who could not dare to attack Alexander the Great, who conquered the world, are the women rulers and warriors of Tukhsha, who ruled in Bukhara. Some examples of folklore that have come down to us include “Barchin, Guloyim, Yunus pari, Misqol pari, Kholdorkhan, Gulchehra; The cunning princess; Women such as: Gulihiromon and Khan Dalli left a deep mark on the memory of our ancestors with their beauty, intelligence, devotion to work, fearlessness and agility in battle”[9.P.5].

In the epic “Alpomish” Barchinoy, who ignored the threats of the Kalmyk Alps, unparalleled in devotion, proud as the heavens, a kind sister, a wise girl Qaldirg’och, renounced the qualities of faerie in the epics of the series "Gorog’li" images are characteristic. In these images, the feelings of national pride, courage, bravery, modesty, devotion are still an example of oriental upbringing.

In the epic "Gul va Navruz" in classical literature, Gul is a loyal companion, a brave and courageous warrior. In Alisher Navoi's epics "Farhod va Shirin", "Layli va Majnun", "Sab'ai Sayyor" Shirin, Layli, Dilorom are portrayed as a worthy, intelligent, wise couple worthy of the protagonist. Their intellects were so perfect that they ruled the kingdom with their wives, caring for the people. The image of the nurse is also highly interpreted in these epics. Because nannies are also the custodians of the ruler’s offspring, the protectors of their physical and spiritual health.

Our literature has ample resources for extensive study of women’s literature. Because in the Uzbek classical literature, women had their own position and  authority. The palaces hosted special poetry readings and literary conferences of poets and creative women. Their works have received recognition and praise. In particular, the creative heritage of such creative women as the poetess Nodira, Jahon Otin Uvaysi, Dilshodi Barno, Anbar Otin is a sign that women's literature appeared in Uzbek literature much earlier. Because there is a great literary school left from these creative poets, the traditions of this school are still being studied today. Hundreds of young poets were formed in the literary schools they created, and the perfect acquisition of scientific, intellectual, religious and secular knowledge by women became the pathos of their creativity. In historical memoirs, tazkirs, it is acknowledged that they were knowledgeable in literary theory and created in several genres of literature.

Conclusion

Today, it is safe to say that this vitality in the world of women artists continues, revealing the formation and continuity of \"Women\'s Literature\". In the literature of the independence period, the poetic world of such artists as Halima Akhmedova, Farida Afroz, Zebo Mirzo, Khosiyat Rustamova, Khosiyat Bobomurodova, their artistic creativity has a role in the formation of literature, the growth of spiritual treasures.

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Copyright

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