Energy Saving Solution using IoT

Abstract

Now a days the home environment is introduced with a network enabled digital technology. This type of home automation increases the connectivity of smart equipment within the room. With the continuity of home automation, we have designed a circuit which will track the person in the living room by using image processing. Previous research of human tracking was done depending on IR and PIR sensors. IR sensor has a dead zone between 0 - 4 CM that means no object detection closer than 4 CM.PIR sensors are insensitive to slow motion or the body in standing mode. But image processing doesn’t have distance criteria based on the camera we use to cover wider range instead of zone like a PIR sensor and overall detection range is comparable to that of a PIR sensor. So in this research we have used image processing for easy exact human position tracking that rotates a fan independently to direct air flow to whatever position a person moves to in the room and working of light. In addition the fan can be turned ON or OFF based on human tracking to save electricity towards smart home user experience.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

A lot of people in the world are without electricity and modern lighting. This problem is more severe in rural areas or in cities. The rural electrification varies widely from country to country. Our country frequently suffers from unreliable and intermittent electricity supply. In some places, people get electricity only few hours a day. Without adequate electricity, it becomes challenging for adults towards concentrating on their professional work or studies. Rural communities of course needs a reliable and sustainable solution for lighting towards providing a brighter future. The country has made significant progress towards the augmentation of its power infrastructure. Moreover, poor quality of power supply and frequent power cuts and shortages impose a heavy burden on India’s fast growing trade and industry. So current scenario insist towards highly efficient and effective usage of any form of power like College ,Universities and Public places where we use power for our teaching in class room and daily usage. It is common practice that most of us leave the rooms with Air conditioner, Fan and lighting on even if no members are present. In some cases we see only few members sitting in one corner of the room entire fan, light and aircon is running. All these amounts to unnecessary wastage of power contributing to country energy resource Lot of research been conducted on smart lighting system, where automated lighting system with visitor counters been implemented. This system is used in controlling the lights and fans in a room and keeps track of number of persons / visitors entered or exit from the room. Researchers also have employed vacancy sensor that replaced the standard wall switches. In our country, manual switches are still frequently used to turn on and off electrical fans, particularly in rooms. People are consequently become so busy that they neglect to turn off switches when leaving a room. Rapid global warming necessitates the development of new technology to accommodate the fluctuating temperatures. The concern of modern technology is the requirement for automatic systems. This mechanism serves two purposes. Controlling the fan's speed in accordance with temperature and turning it on and off in response to human detection. When the temperature appears to reach 270 C and a person enters the room, the fan will come on automatically according to temperature utilizing the LM35.When a person leaves the room, the fan will be turned off. A LED screen will show information about the temperature and speed. The room temperature will be detected via a temperature sensor (LM35). Using the PWM approach, the fan's speed is adjusted based on the ambient temperature. People entering or leaving the room are detected using PIR sensors. PIR sensors can detect motion and are virtually always used to determine whether a person has entered or exited a room..

In recent days the consumption of electric power is tremendously increasing. In such condition it is the usage of electric power efficiently is the responsibility of every citizen of our country. Energy saved is energy generated. Resources to generate electric power either are limited or have side effects. There are many devices invented to use the electric power efficiently. But there are hardly any to be used in our everyday life. Hence a system is suggested to analyse the power usage in a Gathering Hall/Auditorium by deploying a visitor counter and automatic fan control system.

The main goal of this project is to save the electricity from being wasted when not necessary by automatically switching ON of the appliances that are required based on the number of people present in the hall, instead of blindly switching on all the appliances and also switching them off as and when the people move out of the hall, again based on the count of people leaving the hall.

II. BACKGROUND AND RELATED WORK

According to [1], This system was created to help and support older and differently abled people who may experience trouble using the manual system. The IoT vision includes a number of building structures that combine and involve multi- and inter-disciplinary activities from the commercial and technical domains. This system aims to operate embedded devices and appliances in the home for a reasonable cost, with simple installation and a user-friendly interface. The system's main concept is to use a variety of sensors and control systems to monitor the appliances and give services based on the demands of the user. It allows users to remotely operate household equipment including lights, fans, air conditioners, televisions, and more by pressing a mobile key. With the use of a touch, the idea of remotely operating the appliances is realised. Input smart phone along with Android Operating System.

According to [2], The proposed system principally monitors and control some of the environmental parameters such as light intensity by LDR, room temperature and gas levels by MQ2 Sensor. This proposed system also monitor the status of Appliances and send an SMS alert via GSM network automatically to a concerned authority and the status will also update in Embedded Web Server. We can also control the devices i.e ON or OFF the by using web server links. If the conditions get abnormal and find a wide application areas where physical presence is not possible all the time. The Wi- Fi and Raspberry pi are used in the implementation of sensor module.

This system offers a complete low cost, powerful and user friendly way of real time monitoring and control of industry or Home. According to [3], In this project, we use Arduino to design and create a control system for a home automation system that can be accessed by a Wi-Fi module or a Web server. This project deals with the automated control of various home appliances, including lighting. The user will speak with Arduino online via a Wi-Fi network. Because of this system's lower cost, more home appliances are possible. For us, it's more secure. We can operate hardware through the internet thanks to a new technology called IOT, or the Internet of Things. Here, we suggested using IOT to automate the modern home by using the internet to control home appliances. This system uses three loads to represent a fan and lighting fixture for a dwelling. A smart home is one that has heating, cooling, and electronic systems that can be managed online or by a smartphone. Whether you are inside or outside of your home, your electronic gadgets can be controlled by a home automation system that is internet-based.

According to [4], Smart home security has become absolutely pre-eminent in daily life of household and industrial works. Home security is something that is applicable to all of us and involves the hardware and a personal security practice. The hardware would be the doors, alarms, lock systems and different type of sensors like PIR sensor, Temperature sensor, fire sensor to detect unfavourable condition. In case of personal security practice involving doors locking, activating alarms, closing the windows and many other daily life tasks are performed to prevent a burglary.  In the present time a lot of unsolicited deactivates like theft are increasing continuously so there is need to modify the functionality of existing security systems. Apart from unauthorized entry, fire and LPG leakage in the house etc. are the problems faced by the society which needs equal attention.  The Internet of Things (IoT) is a physical network of devices, structures, cars, and other items that are equipped with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity.  This technology enables these devices and objects to gather and share data. An anti-theft system is any tool or technique intended to stop or discourage unlawful theft .the taking of something deemed valuable. Both machine to machine and human to machine communication should increase as a result of the Internet of Things. This project suggests an IoT-based security system to stop theft in homes, banks, and other establishments. This project's main goal is to minimise human labour. Security system automation has long been a key component. The project's goal was to create and put in place a security system. System that allows control via a handheld mobile phone thanks to the Internet of Things.

According to [5], The IoT paradigm's "smart house" concept integrates home automation. The Internet can be used to connect household items and gadgets, allowing users to monitor and control them from a distance.

These include light switches that respond to voice commands or smartphone apps to turn on and off, thermostats that change the indoor temperature and produce energy usage reports, or smart irrigation systems that start at a specific time of day on a personalised monthly schedule to reduce water waste. Smart home solutions have become very popular in the last years.

One of the greatest advantages of home automation systems is their easy management and control using different devices, including smartphones, laptops and desktops, tablets, smart watches, or voice assistants. Home automation systems offer a series of benefits; they add safety through appliance and lighting control, secure the home through automated door locks, increase awareness through security cameras, increase convenience through temperature adjustment, save precious time, give control, and save money.

According to [6], This system can provide an alert if anyone intrudes. Different types of control systems use different types Studies on home automation systems such as Bluetooth, GSM, Internet, and speech-controlled wireless interactive home lifetime automation system.  Machine to Machine Chain System using Global System for Mobile Communication. The Bluetooth concept is suitable for controlling home appliances. Although these systems do not work remotely. A Java-based home automation process has been described in Introduced ZigBee-based system Details.

The most popular home automation system in the international market is the Internet- based home automation system . Installation cost is reduced and the system is increased Flexibility through wireless-based home automation and monitoring systems. The homeowner's lifestyle is according to the internet Things can observe, guide, and manage home situations.

According to [7], Both academics and professionals have worked very hard to advance the idea. Son et al., for instance, proposed a resource-aware management system for smart home management that represents the home context using a domain-object hierarchical model.  Technically, they used the Simple Object Success Protocol (SOAP) and Web Services Description Language (WSDL) to allow mobile devices to access home information remotely. Han et al. suggested a new Smart Home Energy Management System (SHEMS) based on IEEE802.15.4 and ZigBee for effective energy management. To lower overall energy costs, they created a SHEMS-based multi-sensing and light control application. Wu et al. presented a framework to describe the link between services, places, and users in order to satisfy the human-centric interaction need of a smart home with regard to the "home nature" of a smart home in servicing its users. They created the framework and two ubiquitous applications called Media Follow Me (MFM) and Ubiquitous Skype. Alam et al. introduced an approach termed sequence prediction using enhanced episode discovery to forecast user behaviour (SPEED).

According to [8], This approach is implemented to control various home appliances with ARM9processor.This will also provide safer physical control to the user compare to the conventional high voltage switches. The Bluetooth connection in the system is established by Bluetooth module that directly receives /transmits commands from/to ARM9.Mainly, it is used to control home devices from a central control point. The communication between the devices is wireless. The system is secured for access from outside through an SSL algorithm protected server. SSL algorithm to help create a more secure and scalable future. SSL means secure sockets layer it is a computer networking protocol for securing connections between network application such as internet.

According to [9], The smart home should be contained with many machine driven sensors and customized systems for secure life elegance.  The security issues are having different types and which increases day by day in our regular life . However, the attacks exist with many associations of techniques and interrupt in the smart home management system. When important information about something is exchanged, information privacy is a crucial concern. As long as there isn't a robust firewall in place, hackers can easily access the network that is linked to sensors and smart home systems. The context attentive and privacy categories include the recognition and identifying category. The distinguishing characteristics change with mental ability and relate to energy use. Privacy can be a general concept that refers to how values, time periods, and age groups vary.

According to [9], A smart home system integrates various electrical appliances in a home. It provides monitoring and controlling the home devices automatically according to the user’s need. After performing literature survey and studying other existing works, we proposed a technique that gives us better understanding of environmental conditions within the home with less human interaction. In this system we have overcome certain drawbacks like complexity, high competition with vendors, incompatible standards and higher costs. And also providing a user-friendly interface on the host side so that the devices are easily monitored and controlled. Furthermore, the overall system should be swift enough to realize the true power of wireless technology. Our system not only just monitor and control devices but also detects problem in any device automatically. By using these system we can actually manage to make low cost and energy efficient homes

III. LITERATURE REVIVE

Table 1 Relevant studies on advantages and disadvantages of Smart Appliances

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is the privilege of every person to utilise smart electrical appliances systems that will automatically warn users when a switch is ON or OFF and have the ability to significantly increase the efficiency of how we use electricity. When a need is sensed, switches are monitored and automatically turned on. In some instances, we notice only a few people seated in one corner of the room while the fan, light, and air conditioner are all functioning. All of these amount to wasteful energy waste that depletes the nation\'s energy supply. Several studies have been done on automated lighting systems with visitor counters, which are used in smart lighting systems. Overall, using smart electrical appliance technologies could significantly increase savings. By automatically turning on the appliances that are essential based on the amount of people present in the hall, you can save electricity from being wasted when it\'s not necessary.

References

[1] Sanjay Nai [2:06 AM, 12/31/2022] Varshini: P. Kamakshi Priyaa, M.Phil. Research Scholar D. Janet Ramya, Ph.D. Research Scholar & Dr.L.Arockiam, Associate Professor Department of Computer Science, St. Joseph\'s College, Tiruchirappalli IoT Based Mobile Controlled Home Appliances ReTeLL, Vol. 20, December 2018 [2] Sangeetha Sadu1 and Rajeshwar Rao Arabelli2 M.Tech Student, S R Engineering College, Warangal, India. 2.Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, S R Engineering College, Warangal, India.IOT based Monitoring and Control System for Appliances Advances in Computational Sciences and Technology ISSN 0973-6107 Volume 11, Number 1 (2018) pp. 35-42 [3] Aman Banabakode, Angha Mahakalkar, Priyanka Girsawale, Sushil Wankhede, S. D. Kakde Department of Electronics &Tele Communication Engineering, PJLCE, Nagpur IndiaProfessor, Dept. of Electronics and Tele communication Engineering, PJLCE college, Nagpur, India.IOT BASED HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p- ISSN: 2395-0072 [4] R.P.Pandav1, S.P.Dahatonde1,G.W.Bonde1, H.S.Bhadke1, A.I.Rokade1 1UG Student, Department of Electronics and telecommunication Engg., PRMIT&R Badnera, MS, India Vol-4 Issue-2 2018 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 [5] Cristina Stolojescu-Crisan 1,* , Calin Crisan 2 and Bogdan-Petru Butunoi 3Citation: Stolojescu- Crisan, C.; Butunoi, B.-PCommunication Department,Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300223 Timis,oara, Romania 2 SafeFleet Telematics, 300223 Timisoara, Romania; ccrisan@gmail.com 3 Computer Science Department, West University of Timisoara, 300223 Timis,oara, Romania;bogdan.butunoi94@e-uvt.ro IoT-Based Smart Home Automation System. Sensors 2021, 21, 3784.https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113784 Academic Editor: Paolo Viscon Published: 30 May 2021 © 2021 by the authors.Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). [6] 1B Shravani, 2Kotluru Vyshnavi, 3Reddypalli Saicharan Reddy*,4Rage Usha Bhargavi, 5 Siripi Praveena, 6Chakala Thapaswini Smart Home Automation and security using Raspberry module International Journal of IOT 1(1):1- 7,2022. ISSN(O): 2692-5184 [7] Moataz Soliman1, Tobi Abiodun1, Tarek Hamouda1, Jiehan Zhou1,2, Chung-Horng Lung11Department of Systems and Computer Eng. Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario,Canada 2Department of Computer Science and Eng. University of Oulu, Finland Smart Home: Integrating Internet of Things with Web Services and Cloud Computing 2013 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science. [8] Chandini G1, Gaganashree H.M.2, Meghana P3, Pooja K.G.4, Vaneeta M5 1-4 Students, 5Associate Professor,Dept. of Computer Science Engineering, K.S. Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karanataka A Survey on Smart Home Automation Impact Factor Value 4.046 e-ISSN: 2456-3463 International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science, Vol. 3, No.5, 2018 www.ijies.net [9] Sathesh, Department of EEE, Eritrea Institute of Technology,Eritrea.Email:sathesh4you@gmail.cm Yasir Babiker Hamdan,International University of Africa (IUA), Khartoum, Sudan.Email:yasir20ap@iua.edu.sd Smart Home Environment Future Challenges and Issues - A Survey Journal of Electronics and Informatics (2021) Vol.03/ No.01 Pages: 1-14https://www.irojournals.com/iroei/DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jei.2021.1.001 [10] Shriya Salunkhe1, Deepa Suryavanshi2, Jagruti Keni3 ,Trupti Shah4 1, 2, 3(Computer Engineering, Atharva College of Engineering/Mumbai University, India)4 (Assistant Professor, Atharva College of Engineering/Mumbai University, India) Home Automation Using Iot: A Survey IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.org ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719 Volume 14, PP 01-04

Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Sinchana L, Tanya P Prasad, Thanya M S, Varshini R, Vinay M G. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.