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Abstract

To enhance hydrogen storage capacity of Carbon Nano Materials (CNMs), Transition metal Vanadium in its Nano form at different concentrations on CNMs were synthesized from natural waste, Sugar-Cane Bagasse (SCB). Raw Carbon obtained by pyrolyzing SCB at high temperature in an inert medium and activated by alkali were decorated with Vanadium Nano-fibrous Flowers (V-NFs) (The authors named this as ‘Vanadium Nano-fibrous Flowers’) by annealing at different temperatures in CO2 atmosphere. XRD and Raman spectroscopic analysis were carried out for its structural elucidation. EDAX and ICP-AES gave the amount of Vanadium being deposited. Nano-fibrous Flowers of Vanadium on porous morphology of CNMs was depicted by SEM analysis. Comparative studies of Hydrogen adsorption of CNMs were concluded by Sievert’s apparatus for various concentration of vanadium on CNMs.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Depletion in fossil fuel and increasing demand for energy supply with the rising population urged scientist to pursue for alternate energy source that will quench the need of future requirement [1][2]. In addition, it should not affect the environment adversely and sustainable at a relatively low cost [3].

Hydrogen as a fuel will be considered in future Energy Economy as it is high in energy density, light weight and being eco-friendly. Hydrogen is found to be abundant on earth and proves to be a sustainable and promising alternative fuel, generating significant energy and water as a by-product. Hence, it is considered as a green energy [4][5]. Hydrogen is used in fuel cells [6], as a safe and convenient fuel source which can be generated from renewable source [7][8]. Cost for hydrogen storage is currently not competitive with hydrocarbon fuels on practical large scale [9]. Hydrogen store in its compressed form under pressure is being unsafe to use it as mobility fuel [10]

Adsorption phenomenon can be utilised for hydrogen storage to lessen its hazardous consequences by limiting its dispersion thereby making hydrogen gas safe to store. Various material showing good chemisorption and physisorption can serve as better hydrogen storage equipments wherein physisorption is best suited for reversal desorption to generate hydrogen when needed in less efforts. Micro-porous materials shows better hydrogen physisorption phenomenon hence can be utilised for better efficient storage material [11]. CNM being porous and having good mechanical strength serves best option for hydrogen storage. Further, the CNM cost is reduced in vastly when produced from renewable source thus that will lower the storage cost thus fulfilling Hydrogen criteria as fuel for future economics.

Hence CNMs from the renewable sources are explored for better and economic hydrogen storage [12]. US-DOE has proposed 6.5 wt% as hydrogen storage capacity of material to be commercialised for future energy driven technology [13].

In this work, Effect of V-NFs being decorated on the CNMs from plant waste, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) [14] on Hydrogen adsorption is studied for various amount of Vanadium on CNMs.

II. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE

A. Synthesis of V-NFs Decorated CNM

The SCB was pyrolyzed at high temperature, activated and decorated with V-NFs in carbon dioxide atmosphere to get highly porous CNMs, for different VNFs concentration which were labelled as S1 and S2 [15][16][17].

B. Hydrogen Adsorption by Sievert’s Apparatus

CNM samples of around 5g were loaded in a sample holder in furnace of Sievert’s apparatus wherein adsorption of hydrogen was studied by using Van der Waals real gas equation at a pressure of 60 bars at ambient temperature [15][16][17][18]. The observations at different concentration are tabulated in below Table I.

IV. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere gratitude to SAIF (IIT Bombay) and ICON LAB (Navi-Mumbai) for carrying out characterization of synthesized CNMs.

V. ANNEXURE/S

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Conclusion

From all above observation, it is concluded that with the increase in VNF concentration, ID/IG ratio of Raman spectra increases, indicating the increase in the hetero atom of vanadium in graphitic carbon [24]. Hence greater the deposition of V-NFs on the CNM formed and greater graphitization as observed from the Raman spectra, the hydrogen adsorption capacity of CNMs decreases.

References

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Copyright © 2024 Vivek Gujar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.