Exploring Innovations in Smart Navigation Technology

Abstract

The study on Smart Navigation Technology provides an analysis of the application of technology in the design of intelligent navigation and safety solutions. Attention has been taken to developments intended to give better comfort in driving together with enhanced assurance of the safety of both the automobile and its occupants. Various technologies considered include developments with GPS-based navigation, routing based on AI, and sensor-based emergency detection; also, alert mechanisms during emergencies based on IoT relatedness. With the use of real-time data processing, it ensures to minimize response time in emergency situations. This application highlights the role of machine learning algorithms that help analyse the driving behaviour and predict hazards. This survey identifies emerging trends, technical challenges, and potential areas for further research in smart navigation and safety solutions through comprehensive analysis of these technologies, contributing to the creation of more intelligent, efficient, and secure transportation systems.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

In today's world, GPS (Global Positioning System) has become the backbone of vehicle monitoring and routing systems. Ensuring the safety of both public and private vehicles, especially school buses, is crucial given the rising incidents of children going missing or vehicles being hijacked. GPS technology can effectively address these concerns, providing real-time location tracking through GIS (Geographic Information System). Additionally, optimizing travel time remains a significant challenge, as existing navigation tools like Google Maps may not always offer the quickest routes. This project aims to develop a robust system that incorporates efficient algorithms to enhance routing capabilities while also addressing road safety through an emergency alert module. With its extensive feature set aimed at improving efficiency, convenience, and safety, smart navigation and safety apps have completely changed the way we travel. These apps now include cutting-edge features like voice control, augmented reality, and driver assistance systems in addition to the standard features of real-time navigation and traffic updates.

Smart navigation and safety apps have transformed travel with their wide scope of features designed toward increasing effectiveness, convenience, and safety. These additional features besides the usual real-time navigation and traffic updates include voice control, augmented reality, and driver support systems. These apps would enhance the safety quotient of driving by monitoring and warning on potential dangers such as the car conditions, even further analyzing the habits followed in driving. So among various options available there must be one that serves your special requirements and therefore makes your drive more worth full. Such modern technologies as voice control, augmented reality, and driver support systems have led smart navigation and safety apps from their original services to enhanced versions. These technologies ensure such features as hands-free operation, improved safety measures, and the ability to overlay digital information on the real world. The user may look for an app on such criteria as price, compatibility, desired functionality, and user interface. Although these applications may make a big difference in your drive, remember to use them responsibly as to not to jeopardize road safety. These apps can provide a personal feel for driving: you can sense the parking area and even let other people know about a possible danger due to an integration with your smartphone and car.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

N. El-Sheimy, K. -W. Chiang and A. Noureldin, in [1] has proposed The Utilization of Artificial Neural Networks for Multisensor System Integration in Navigation and Positioning Instrument. This paper describes about how GPS and INS technologies can improve navigation and location. This two major filters makes the smart navigation and implement in a good solution. GPS mainly provides location information by using satellite where INS uses its sensors internally to track movement.

So each technique has it's limitations but when it combined together to perform their tasks it overcomes the weaknesses. The filters used to integrate the system but it requires models to move. Ann makes the GPS and Ins without models help, it has flexibility in various situations for example when we are in car and driving to reach some destination so GPS tells the exact location by using satellite but signal weak or block cannot make it happen and speedometer tells how speed the car is moving and when this two combine to perform with ANN and data provided by GPS and speedometer. It makes system work in various methods. Ann helps this work together more accurate and high applicable to track locations and movement of the vehicle.

Borenovic M. Neskovic, A & Neskovic, in [2] has proposed Vehicle Positioning Using GSM and Cascade-Connected ANN Structures. The paper makes us to understand that to improve the accuracy of vehicles location system by combination of the benefits of GSM signals. Usage of GSM signals make easier for vehicle locations tracking. The method of using ANN is to estimate location and also faces many challenges in complex situations. It introduces approach using cascade connected ANN structure. It makes division in the system into smaller subspaces to make the system run easily for ANN process and get accurate vehicle locations point within requirements of the people. It works with space partitioning, initial estimation, refined estimation. There are many advantages of cc Ann to improve accuracy, reduced computational cost, elimination of map matching. So the paper logically discussed about c-Ann structure for vehicle locations and the strength of ANN makes a solution accurately and safe vehicle tracking system.

D. Rohith, A. Suresh babu, in [3] has proposed Real Time Vehicle Tracking System Based on ARM-7. In this paper i noticed that the driving and other activities like the vehicles which causes a social and real time problem. Daily we witness or Read such type of activities which are raising at least the question of our safety and security in the area of both the public sector and the private sector. So there is a requirement of the monitoring and the tracking of the vehicle in real time as well as the collection and updating certain of the data types conditions of whether it is in urban area or in a rural area. In the urban areas, the database of the tracked vehicle is somewhat difficult to be provided by the human help. In the proposed system, vehicle tracking and monitoring which is useful for school bus owners with children as well as accurately shows the time at which the vehicle is expected to arrive at a specific location or stop. And hence using accuracy in time children can utilize their time to study, sleep or relax instead of waiting for a bus which happens to be late. Waiting for a bus for lesser periods of time helps the student to manage their time more effectively for comfortable purposes as well. In order to avoid and reduce man power and saving of the expenses, in this regard the system presents simple tracking solution using Embedded Linux Board, the proposed system, Acquisition of unique details of the vehicle including; the vehicle number (Unique ID), where the vehicle is at a particular time, how fast it is moving at any time, the date and time of the recording and record them into the database of the people and by using system also can make it happen easily.

M. F. Saaid, M. A. Kamaludin and M. S, in [4] has proposed Vehicle location finder using Global position system and Global System for Mobile. In this paper it described that the number of stolen cars continues to increase almost every year. The aim of the system is to determine the precision of the position that is being sent out to the user when the car is in motion and so the car is in stationary position in the city. The system is created by integrating a microcontroller station for moving GPS and GSM with the objective of comparing it with other similar products existing in the market such as Garmin. The conception of devices starts off with designing the neural structure of an electronic device that communicates with the IEEE journal which is focused on products that deal with the issues of the automotive world. The development of hardware program is attributed to research and tests as the controller does not execute both modules simultaneously, after successful programming of the two modules, it is merged with another single program and the interrupt program. The experiment is performed in three sets of tests in order to establish the accuracy of the system.

Dheerthi, N & Kiruthikamani, G, in [5] has proposed Real time data monitoring system with intelligent vehicle tracking using ARM7. The paper mechanism indicates that the low cost vehicle black box for designing and developing an affordable, user-friendly low-cost vehicle with the real-time data monitoring facility of the operation of the vehicle in restricted zone. The system has a major operation, i.e., data monitoring that records various parameters like state of driver, and alcohol consumption of driver, state of seat belt, state of crash, engine temperature, and speed control of the vehicle. So where it mentioned all the helpful parameters in real time system it makes accurate location system and safe destination. System design employs an ARM7 as an embedded microcontroller. Also, allows to GPS and GSM modules to detect the position of the vehicle and to transfer real time data from the central station. One of the main advantages is low power consumption since ARM7 is used as an embedded microcontroller. And also the cost of implementing the overall system is low. In real time data location it makes the system use ARM to find the efficient location and make accurate solution for the further circumstances.

A.Anusha and S. M, in [6] has proposed Vehicle Tracking and Monitoring System to Enhance the Safety and Security Driving Using IOT. This paper discusses about the elaborate vehicle monitoring and tracking system is developed and outlined in this work with a eye of monitoring the vehicles which are moving from one place to another with ensuring their safety and security. The proposed method combines better exercise of modern technology through the use of an Embedded C programming language to the unit developed through LPC2148 along with its smarter functionalities of storing database. The work involves GPS and GSM for tracking and monitoring of vehicles with the help of sim800 module. The GPS gives present site of the vehicle; GPRS transmits the tracking information to the server and thus an alert message generated is sent to the owner of the vehicle. This scheme occurs in the interior of the vehicle, whose location is to be specified in the web page and monitored in real time. Therefore if the driver takes the vehicle on wrong way then the message alert will be sent from the proposed system to the vehicle’s owner mobile and if the vehicle’s driver is sleepy or drunken state then the buzzer produces the specific sound. It ensure the safety of the traveller through Alcohol sensor to on board driver status and Temperature sensor to check the engine temperature of the vehicle to avoid triggering of the vehicle and thus alerting and make the vehicle as well as driver feel safe when journey and have a happy travel.

Foresti and Snidaro, in [7] has proposed the System Vehicle detection and tracking for traffic monitoring  by a real-time traffic monitoring system in the year 2005, to be used for improving road safety, especially where roads are poorly illuminated. Focusing on one of the European Union guidelines concerning road safety, which underscores efficient vehicle detection and tracking, the system shall present a robust traffic surveillance solution. The system uses data augmentation techniques and real-time processing capabilities to improve the challenges of low light conditions in detection accuracy and reliability in traffic monitoring. This approach will improve the tracking of vehicles under adverse lighting and contribute to the safer road environment, further aligning with EU safety objectives by offering timely traffic insights for preventing and managing incidents.

Shetty, D. Prateek , G. Kakamari ,et al., in [8]has proposed the IoT enabled Vehicle Tracking and Monitoring System by improving upon the time scale to which one will receive an accurate response during incidents like accidents on the highway, providing maximum safety along with proper security measures by vehicle's side using latest advancements. Since this includes an application of dead reckoning combined with GPS trilateration to calculate a reliable position for vehicles under environments of less effective GPS reception. Kalman and particle filters are applied to enhance the accuracy further by fusing data from different sensors, which offers more reliable tracking capabilities. The combination of these methods reduces the delay in emergency responses while offering robust monitoring of vehicle movements. The proposed system focuses on accurate positioning and real-time data processing, aligning with the goal of enhancing road safety and security through technological innovation.

Jawad, Munsif, Azam, et,l in [9] has proposed an Internet of things-based vehicle tracking and monitoring system,  to reduce the theft of cars that is highly on the increase. It uses an Arduino module for the computation of the position of the vehicle and the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module for transmitting the details to the cloud. In this way, the vehicle can be tracked in real time and monitored remotely. The trilateration system is the core function in GPS, which delivers very accurate location information even if the signal strength is too weak. Through IoT features, the system provides error-free streaming of location information to the cloud, resulting in enhanced accuracy and easier access to vehicle tracking information. This method ensures protection by giving timely information toward a proactive solution against theft of a car.

Ister,Alhardi, et al., in [10] has proposed Development of Vehicle Tracking Warning System With The Internet of Things, that have come up with this system that reduces rear-end collisions by promoting safe distances behind other vehicles. This is done by monitoring, through continuous speed and distance observation of nearby vehicles, alerting drivers in real-time so that they become conscious of safe driving practices. The system uses trilateration with GPS and dead reckoning for accurate location tracking even with weak GPS signals. A rule-based approach is also implemented in the system to analyse vehicle speeds and following distances and issue warnings when the safety thresholds are breached. With GPS data combined with a structured alerting system, a proactive response to potential collision risks will assuredly improve road safety. The system integrates IoT and advanced tracking algorithms, offering a robust, real-time safety solution to be helpful in establishing better driving behaviour.

Paefgen, J., Michahellese , et al., in [11]has proposed a system that leveraging in-vehicle acceleration data to give driver feedback. Such an approach is much less invasive than traditional "black box" monitoring systems, often viewed as privacy-invasive. It gathers data with the real-time driving pattern using mobile phones with an array of sensors and is analysed based on machine learning algorithms. Techniques such as time-series analysis and natural language processing are used in the patterns for the detection of risks as well as final evaluation regarding the performance while driving. It provides feedback regarding their driving habits to a driver; therefore, makes them even more conscious and leads toward safe behaviour. This smartphone-based solution underlines the immense potential of mobile technology in road safety applications, for which real-time analysis and feedback in a user-friendly method is very important.

Wouters,P. I., et al., in [12] has proposed Traffic accident reduction by monitoring driver behaviour with in-car data recorders It shows the effect of data recorders on the drivers and how due to awareness of being recorded, there may be more safe driving behaviour, and accidents are reduced. It adopted a field trial with matched experimental groups so that behaviour change could be assessed. Data recorders in cars equipped with sensors and cameras record in minute detail the actions of drivers as well as road conditions to yield an all-inclusive analysis of behaviour. Techniques included were machine learning, time series analysis, and anomaly detection to identify patterns as well as deviations that have been regarded as risky compared to safety standards. The use of data recorders, which provides data-driven insights into driving behaviour, reflects a proactive approach to improving road safety and shows the potential of monitoring technology in reducing traffic accidents through behavioural adjustments.

S. Lee, G. Tewolde, et al., in [13] has proposed Design and implementation of vehicle tracking system using GPS/GSM/GPRS technology and smartphone application design and implementation of an efficient vehicle tracking system using GPS, GSM, and GPRS technologies with a smartphone application for real-time monitoring of the vehicles and updating of the location of the user through an attractive mobile interface. They harness on GPS technology that retrieves very accurate geographical coordinates while using GSM and GPRS to send this location to the smartphone application. The combined technologies ensure high accuracy in the tracking of vehicle movements, thus effectively monitoring and managing. GPS trilateration is implemented to acquire locations with improved reliability through the merging of multiple signals from satellites. The vehicle tracking solution thus proves to be innovative as it not only enhances security and safety but offers convenience to the users, thereby turning out to be an invaluable tool for fleet management, personal vehicle tracking, and efficient navigation in various applications.

Sanda, P. K., Barui , S.,et al., in [14] has proposed a system on SMS Enabled smart vehicle tracking using GPS and GSM technologies that enables the effective tracking of a vehicle and efficient communication. This proposed model is a simple module build-up with GPS receiver, a GSM module, and an Arduino board and can be easily configured. The tracking request is made from the users through SMS and immediately responds to the same users by SMS about the location information of the vehicle. It is an application where the use of GPS technology to accurately determine locations combines with GSM communication technology to transfer data and consequently update them reliably and within the time. The SMS messaging feature makes it easy for the user to track movement in real time, hence a very practical solution for vehicle tracking and management.

Farmer C.M , Kirley B.B et al., in [15] has proposed the monitoring devices in teen drivers' cars improves their driving behaviour. Eighty-five newly licensed teens wore the actual devices monitoring sudden braking, acceleration, speeding, and seat-belt use. Participants were assigned into four groups with different types of alert systems and varying levels of parental access to the data. Results indicated that in-vehicle alerts had the most impact when they were also in operation; seat belt use increased dramatically when parents received alerts while driving. There was an effect on speeding behaviour only when teens received alert messages and parents were informed of violations. Overall, these results indicate that this form of electronic monitoring can indeed suppress risky behaviours, at least seat-belt use, but changes in more complex behaviours such as speeding seem to be more difficult. Parent involvement in driving is important, but how best to encourage it should be understood. The study highlights the ability of technology to increase safe teen driving by following their activities and engaging parents.

Abdirahman, A., Hashi et al., in [16] has proposed the vehicle tracking system that joins GSM communication, GPS technology, and web-based visualization in the fight against vehicle theft. The users have to register their services using an SMS so that safe access is maintained. The actual location is retrieved in real-time and then sent to users using platforms like Google Maps for convenience. The technology is merged with GSM that enables real-time monitoring and alert of unauthorized movement and vehicle malfunctions. This approach will be appropriate for Somalia as limited internet access complicates tracking solutions. It uses GPS-enabled SIM cards and GSM networks that give a practical and cost-effective means of tracking the vehicle to improve security on both cars and small motorcycles like "Mooto Bajaj.". This innovation will empower the people in the different socio-economic backgrounds, improve transportation safety, and trigger economic growth within the region.

Alkawaz, M. H., Veeran et al., in [17] proposes a vehicle tracking system that uses motion detection and GPS to enhance the security and monitoring capabilities of the system. The system works like a human eye, automatically sensing movement through images captured once it senses movement. The system applies the Global Positioning System to provide the real-time location tracking in which the signals are transmitted to satellites that relay this information back to the user.

Murthy, S. V. S. N., Satyanarayana, et al., in [18] has proposed the system that monitor the water vehicles as to their conditions and locations when abnormal conditions happen to them, which shall cause authorities to respond to the anomalies via SMS. With regard to tracking and communication, it is done by Arduino, GPS, and GSM. Water sensors at the bottom of the vessel would monitor for overload conditions; it can be shown on LCD screen and can send alerts through SMS to the captain and control room. During extreme cases, such as sinking, the coordinates of the vessel are sent for rescue teams to respond on time. The system even has a "Help" message option in emergency conditions.

Vanitha.M, Joice, et al., in [19] has proposed an Android mobile application with real-time tracking information on buses in an organization. This system uses ESP8266 Node MCU and the GPS module to capture geographic coordinates, updating the application with each bus's precise location, enabling users to make better plans and reach the destination in time. This application development will provide an answer to the high demand for an efficient public means of transportation. Vehicles continue to increase in numbers while accident rates, and consequently, prevention methods for the accidents currently in use become static and not enough; this calls for the implementation of dynamic and responsive systems. The project, through application of GPS and Google Maps technology, aims at enhancing the bus service safety and management as well as ensuring authorization of accessing passengers.

A.Hamid, A. H. F.Chang, et al., in [20] has proposed a smart vehicle monitoring and analysis system based on IOT technology, VMAS has been introduced. Cloud database management, the Android application, and the OBD-II device work together for this system. This will collect real-time data regarding engine performance and transmit it over Bluetooth to the Android application for display and upload on the cloud server. Through the cloud server, one can access the system in a remote location for all authorized personnel. Real-time data visibility, activity report, and history logs become possible. Performance tests reflect approximately one second of system latency. In addition, data analysis features driving behaviour rankings and fuel efficiency ratings, which will be key in the proposed flexible road tax scheme and will also help the manufacturers in doing diagnostic evaluation of the vehicle. The overall approach is on the enhancement of road safety and responsible driving

III. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING APPROACHES

Conclusion

We conclude that this literature review considered the advancements in smart navigation and safety applications dependent on the technologies of GPS, GSM, Arduino, artificial intelligence, and IoT. Results of synthesizing the findings of IEEE and other journals present the great evolution on the manner in which the given technologies improve the navigational efficiency and the measures in the safety applications within various domains. Key insights show that the IoT with GPS and GSM integration has enabled real-time data sharing and improved situational awareness, important for individual users as well as large systems. Also, Arduino has democratized the prototyping of smart navigation solutions through making it flexible and has empowered innovation in safety applications. However, the review also reveals vital gaps within these technologies with regard to standardization and interoperability, which can limit their adoption. Further research into challenges and development will be necessary as this field moves forward and explores the capabilities of artificial intelligence in changing decision-making processes for navigation systems. The general results thus demand greater interdisciplinary for advancing smart navigation and safety applications. Such continued research would not only improve the accuracy of navigation but also respond to the main goals of smart city initiatives and sustainable urban mobility.

References

[1] N. El-Sheimy, K. -W. Chiang and A. Noureldin, \"The Utilization of Artificial Neural Networks for Multi sensor System Integration In Navigation And Positioning Instruments,\" In IEEE Transactions On Instrumentation And Measurement, Vol. 55, No. 5, Pp. 1606-1615, Oct. 2006, Doi: 10.1109/Tim.2006.881033. [2] Borenovic, M., Neskovic, A., & Neskovic, N. (2012). Vehicle Positioning Using Gsm and Cascade-Connected Ann Structures. IEEE Transactions On Intelligent Transportation Systems, 14(1), 34-46. [3] Real Time Vehicle Tracking System Based On Arm-7 D. Rohith1, A. Suresh Babu21 Pg Scholar, Dept Of Ece(Es), Swetha Institute Of Technology And Sci, International Journal Of Science, Engineering And Technology [4] M. F. Saaid, M. A. Kamaludin And M. S. A. Megat Ali, \"Vehicle Location Finder Using Global Position System And Global System For Mobile,\" 2014 IEEE 5th Control And System Graduate Research Colloquium, Shah Alam, Malaysia, 2014. [5] Dheerthi, N., & Kiruthikamani, G. (2015, April). Real Time Data Monitoring System With Intelligent Vehicle Tracking Using Arm7,IEEE. [6] Anusha And S. M. Ahmed, \"Vehicle Tracking And Monitoring System To Enhance The Safety And Security Driving Using Iot,\" 2017 International Conference On Recent Trends In Electrical, Electronics And Computing Technologies (ICRTEECT), Warangal, India. [7] Foresti, G. L., & Snidaro, L. (2005). Vehicle Detection And Tracking For Traffic Monitoring. In Image Analysis And Processing–Iciap 2005: 13th International Conference, Cagliari, Italy, September 6-8, 2005. [8] Shetty, D., Prateek, G., Kakamari, O. B., Saroja devi, H., & Jain, M. (2022, November). Iot Enabled Vehicle Tracking And Monitoring System. In 2022 IEEE North Karnataka Subsection Flagship International Conference (Nkcon) IEEE. [9] Jawad, S., Munsif, H., Azam, A., Ilahi, A. H., & Zafar, S. (2021, December). Internet Of Things-Based Vehicle Tracking And Monitoring System. In 2021 15th International Conference on Open Source Systems and Technologies. [10] M. A. V., ALHARDI, A. A. A., & BA?Ç?FTÇ?, F. Development of Vehicle Tracking Warning System With The Internet of Things. [11] Paefgen, J., Kehr, F., Zhai, Y., & Michahelles, F. (2012, December). Driving behaviour analysis with smartphones: insights from a controlled field study. [12] Wouters, P. I., & Bos, J. M. (2000). Traffic accident reduction by monitoring driver behaviour with in-car data recorders. Accident Analysis & Prevention. [13] S. Lee, G. Tewolde and J. Kwon, \"Design and implementation of vehicle tracking system using GPS/GSM/GPRS technology and smartphone application,\" 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), Seoul, Korea (South), 2014, [14] Sanda, P. K., Barui, S., & Das, D. (2020). SMS Enabled smart vehicle tracking using GPS and GSM technologies: A cost-effective approach. [15] Farmer, C. M., Kirley, B. B., & McCartt, A. T. (2010). Effects of in-vehicle monitoring on the driving behaviour of teenagers. Journal of safety research. [16] Abdirahman, A., Hashi, A., Dahir, U., Elmi, M., & Rodriguez, O. (2023). Enhancing Vehicle Tracking through SMS: A Cost-Effective Approach Integrating GPS and GSM. [17] Alkawaz, M. H., Veeran, M. T., & Al-Sanjary, O. I. (2019, December). Vehicle tracking and reporting system using robust algorithm. [18] Murthy, S. V. S. N., Satyanarayana, B. V. V., & Srinivas, C. V. (2021, April). Location tracking and warning system of a ship using Arduino. [19] Vanitha, M., Joice, C. S., Selvi, M., Archana, T., & Kavitha, S. (2022, November). Secured IoT based Smart Vehicle Tracking System. In 2022. [20] Hamid, A. H. F. A., Chang, K. W., Rashid, R. A., Mohd, A., Abdullah, M. S., Sarijari, M. A., & Abbas, M. (2019). Smart vehicle monitoring and analysis system with IoT technology. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 11(4).

Copyright

Copyright © 2024 K. Anjali, T. Sowmya, K. Alankrutha, T. C. Swetha Priya. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.