Literature Review on Fabrication of Quad Cycle for Handicapped Person

Abstract

In our daily life, we have seen various types of tri-cycles and tri-wheeled vehicles used by the disabled peoples for their locomotion from one place to another. There are several newly developed tri-wheeled vehicles for physically challenged people, which will be operated by manual, electrical and motorized modes. The most commonly used handicapped wheelchair are driven by the manual mode of operation by the use of pedal, but this vehicle provides discomfort to the handicapped persons through weakness in their body and due to their lack of physical fitness in all period of time. Hence, in order to reduce those difficulties various types of moped and modified scooter like vehicles are introduced, which are in the form of semi or fully automated mode of construction and working for their better increase in the comfort for their transportation. This paper overviews the implementation of new conceptual ideas and technologies on handicapped vehicles for the betterment in the preexisting vehicle models for differently abled people and we hope this will be helpful for the further manipulation in developments and provide the guide line for the new innovations in automotive for the physically challenged people.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

 In human life transportation is playing very important role from ancient time, due to transportation and communication facilities we say that, world is coming closer and closer. Day by day new vehicles with variety of models are coming into market. Normal person i.e. person without any disability can avail his vehicles easily. But in our society the number of disabled persons is also considerable, some of them born with disability, some get disabled due to accidents (road,workplace, natural calamities,  etc.),  large number of persons get disabled due to war activities and due to many other factors.  Depending upon the severity of disability, the disabled persons can use the transportation facilities; persons with lesser disability can use the facilities as it is for normal persons, some persons are able to use the vehicles with little bit modifications like retrofitted bikes and cars There are some utilities like wheelchairs, pedal operated wheels chair which are used by the  disabled  persons. In some cases the disability is so severe that person can’t move from one place to other place without help. The persons with hand and leg disability are able to travel but  they  are  unable to  use the Vehicles  for  normal  persons  as  it  is. So the vehicles  are modified (customized  vehicles)  to  make  them  accessible to the  disabled  persons.  Nowadays more  research work  is going  on  for  increasing  mobility  of  disabled  persons. Depending upon disabled part  of  body, different  provisions are  available  like  crutches,  wheelchairs, customized  vehicles  (retrofitted  bikes,  cars  etc.).  Crutches are  most  commonly used  for  walking for  shorter  distances and then manual wheelchairs [1] and hand-cranked tricycles [2]  are  useful  for  the  persons  with  leg  disability  and automatic  wheelchairs  are designed  such  that  persons with hands  &  legs  disability  can  be  benefited.  In automatic wheelchairs many approaches are  taken  into  consideration and depending  upon  that  the control  system  of  wheelchairs is  designed,  for  example  smart  wheelchair  with  control through  deictic  approach  [3],  intelligent  robotic  wheelchair [4],  path  following,  stair  climbing  wheelchairs  [5]  etc. Another option of powered tricycles i.e.  battery powered or solar powered tricycles [6], [7] is available for persons with leg  disability.  Currently many disabled persons are  using modified vehicles like retrofitted bikes  and  customized  cars which  are  having all  the controls  in  hand [9].  In  this  way, there  are  various  solutions  available  for  travelling  of  the disabled  persons  like  wheelchairs  (manual,  automatic), tricycles (manual,  powered),  modified bikes and cars but  in case of  severe  leg  disabilities,  the  disabled  person needs  to use  the  wheelchair  and  many  times  he/she  unable  to use above  available  options  due  to  the  reasons  mentioned  in further lines. The wheel chairs  (both manual and automatic) are  useful  only  for  short  distance  travel  and  the  manual wheelchairs  need physical  work  from  user  or  care  taker. Then tricycles  can  be used  for  some  more  distance  than wheelchairs  but  are not  useful for  long  distance  travel  and also gives more physical strain to user. The retrofitted bikes can be used for longer distance travel. But to use these bikes, the  wheelchair  user  should  be capable  to come  out  and in from  the  wheelchair  to  take  the  position  on  bike  and  it  is difficult  in  most  of  the cases. 

So  the  bike is  not  useful for most of  the  wheelchair  users.  In  case  of modified cars also, the  user  needs  to  come  out  from  the  wheelchair. 

But nowadays the  ramp  provision  is there for  some  of  the  cars, so  by  climbing  the  ramp  the  wheelchair user  can drive  his wheelchair  inside  the  car  and  take  the  position  of  driver. Also buses with ramp provision are available, but the option of cars and bus is not economical for most of the population.

So there is need of solutions to the problem faced by disabled persons discussed above this Quad cycle project gives the solution, which will be less costly. We have tried to design and manufacture the Quad cycle structure. First we have prepared rough sketch of project models and discussed about the challenges faced by disable persons. Then start to preparing the Quad Cycle Model.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

In this project we have refered twelve number of research papers and their explanation is given as follows

1. Aleksandar Milenkovi et.al.[1]:- He designed a retrofitted tricycle by modifying the existing scooter. He also design special platform arrangement so a wheelchair occupant can easily hold or leave the tricycle. This trike can be use for a long distance making it suitable for long journey.
2. M. Abdulghani, Kasim M. Al-Aubidy  Mohammed M. Ali and Qadri J. Hamarsheh et.al.[2]:- This paper focuses on tricycles suitable for rural and city areas. Tricycles are cost-effective for short-distance transportation. However, many disabled individuals lack the physical strength or coordination to propel themselves using hand-powered tricycles. The research explores various technologies related to tricycles and compares their features. The goal is to find energy-saving solutions that cater to the needs of handicapped persons.
3. Zhuqing Jiaoa,∗, Kai Mab, Yiling Rongc, Peng Wangd, Hongkai Zhange,∗, Shuihua Wang et.al.[3]:- Developed solar operated tricycle for physically handicapped person and he made it especially for an NGO started by Baba Amate. Main components of tricycle was Solar panel and frame to support panel, PMDC motor, Battery and charger controlling unit.
4. Odile Horn et.al.[4]:- Design and Fabrication of Wheelchair cum Tricycle. This paper discusses the development of a traditional manual-operated wheelchair cum tricycle. The rear-wheel drive mechanism replaces the chain drive with a single slider drive mechanism. The design aims to provide better efficiency and ease of use. The modified tricycle combines the advantages of a wheelchair for short distances or indoor use with those of a tricycle for longer distances. It can be a suitable replacement for tricycles with chain drive mechanisms.
5. Deepak Kumara, Reetu Malhotrab, S. R. Sharma et. al [5]:- In this paper the author focuses on simple, high performance, an easy maintained motorized tricycle for the disabled person which can be proved as a better replacement for the indigenous models used by the handicapped keeping in mind the factors such as safety, cost & performance The objectives of the design and fabrication of a motorized tricycle using available local materials was successful to a great extent and it was discovered that the tricycle will lessen the burden of the disabled people due to its affordability.
6. Rashmi Urdhware she, et. al [6] discussed that National Human Rights Commission has focused on the need to provide equal opportunity to physically challenged persons. While providing personalized mobility solutions to the physically challenged person, safety of the driver and also other road users is needed to be sure. Modifications in existing vehicle design involves specific adaptations of foot and hand controls to suit operations by persons having partial or full disability of limbs. In absence of network in country, the entire subject needed detail examination and sensitive treatment. Subject came before Central Motor Vehicles Rules Technical Standing Committee (CMVR-TSC) and it was agreed that Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) will take the lead in resolving the matter and establishing approval procedure and notifying the requirement under CMVR which restricted the individuals from altering their existing vehicles in general.

III. METHODOLOGY

A. Initial Research

1. Start by examining existing mobility aids in the market. Look at products like wheelchairs, walkers, and mobility scooters.
2. Identify the strengths and weaknesses of these products. What are users satisfied with? What are the common complaints or areas for improvement?
3. Talk to potential users, caregivers, and healthcare professionals to understand their needs.

B. Concept Development

1. Brainstorm multiple design concepts that address the identified gaps and user needs. Focus on improving stability, ergonomics, and usability.
2. Sketch out your ideas on paper or digitally. Explore different configurations, materials, and features.
3. Narrow down your concepts to a few promising ideas that you can further develop and refine.

C. Detailed Design

1. Utilize CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software to translate your selected concepts into detailed models. Pay attention to dimensions, tolerances, and material specifications.
2. Iterate on your designs, making adjustments based on feedback from stakeholders and usability testing.
3. Use the CAD software to generate photorealistic renderings of your designs for presentation and evaluation.

D. Prototyping and Fabrication

1. Once you've finalized the design, it's time to create a physical prototype.
2. Choose appropriate materials and manufacturing processes for prototyping. Depending on your budget and resources, you may use 3D printing, CNC machining, or traditional fabrication methods.
3. Assemble the prototype and test it rigorously under various conditions. Gather feedback from users and iterate on the design as necessary.

Throughout each stage of the design process, it's essential to maintain open communication with stakeholders and be willing to adapt your approach based on feedback and new insights. Remember to prioritize user needs and strive for a balance between innovation and practicality in your designs.

IV. OBJECTIVES

The main objective of a quad cycle for handicapped individuals is to provide them with a means of independent mobility and physical exercise. These specially designed cycles aim to :-

1. Enhance Mobility: Offer a practical and safe mode of transportation for those with physical disabilities, enabling greater independence.
2. Promote Physical Health: Encourage physical activity, which can improve overall health and well-being.
3. Boost Confidence and Inclusivity: Empower users by increasing their participation in social and recreational activities, fostering a sense of inclusion and confidence.
4. Improve Accessibility: Provide a viable option for those who may find traditional bicycles or other forms of transportation inaccessible or challenging to use.
5. Raise Awareness: Promote awareness about the mobility challenges faced by handicapped individuals and the solutions that can improve their quality of life.

Overall, these quad cycles are designed to improve the quality of life for handicapped individuals by making mobility more accessible and enjoyable and providing them with greater freedom and opportunity.

V. FUTURE SCOPE

Quad Cycle will be an important necessity in future and provide great opportunity for handicapped persons. Development of these things can reduce the cost factor to a great extent as compare to other models.

These Quad cycle are designed to offer mobility solutions to individuals with disabilities and their future developments. We can use solar energy by installing roofs of solar panel to charge battery and we can use shock absorber for comfort working on reviews and feedbacks can help to improve the current issues for quad cycle for handicapped and also new ideas can be imagined on that project.

VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This successful implement progressing of our project work for a partial fulfillment of the bachelor degree would remain incomplete if we fail to express our sincere thanks and affectionate acknowledgment to certain people who had given their valuable time apart from their regular schedule for helping us.

Words have their limit and they shall never be able to pierce through the gamut of emotions that is suddenly laid bare, that is suddenly exposed during the routine of our life. We shall never be able to describe the spirit of cooperation with which we worked, nor shall be able to express the feelings we feel towards our project guide Prof. Dr. A. H. Ingle Associate Professor  & Dean  (R&D) department of Mechanical Engineering.

Conclusion

There are several issues faced by the manufacturers and researchers which needs to be addressed so that, Quad cycle becomes a commercial success and be widely used. One common main issue is cost versus accuracy. Inexpensive and advanced sensors can help to overcome this problem. Quad cycle which can be used generally used for all types of disability are still not available. Quad Cycle should also contain the ability to monitor the patient conditions and react accordingly. Currently available Quad cycle can be easily used in indoor conditions but, for outdoor environment it requires supervision by a companion for safety. Also, Quad cycle for independent use by mentally challenged people should be researched. Quad cycle have great scope in future and technological advancement in the field of robotics and sensors will lead to commercial success as well.

References

[1] Aleksandar Milenkovi????, Mladen Milosevic, Emil Jovanov Electrical and Computer Engineering Department The University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville, AL, U.S.A. {milenka, mladen.milosevic, ejovanoe}@uah.eduAleksandar Milenkovi????, Mladen Milosevic, Emil Jovanov Electrical and Computer Engineering Department The University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville, AL, U.S.A.{milenka, mladen.milosevic, ejovanoe}@uah.edu [2] M. Abdulghani, Kasim M. Al-Aubidy * , Mohammed M. Ali and Qadri J. Hamarsheh Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan; mukhlisalrawi@gmail.com (M.M.A.); m_selman@philadelphia.edu.jo (M.M.A.); qhamarsheh@philadelphia.edu.jo (Q.J.H.) Correspondence: kma@philadelphia.edu.jo [3] Zhuqing Jiaoa,?, Kai Mab, Yiling Rongc, Peng Wangd, Hongkai Zhange,?, Shuihua Wang. Article history:Received 7 August 2017Received in revised form 16 January 2018Accepted 5 February 2018Available online 7 February 2018. [4] Odile Horn LASC Université de Lorraine 7 rue Marconi 57070 Metz – France horn@lasc.univ-metz.fr. [5] Deepak Kumara, Reetu Malhotrab*, S. R. Sharma Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab,India. 1877-0509 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of WEEF 2019 [6] Nirmal T. M. 2014. Wheelchair for Physically and Mentally Disabled Persons. International journal of electrical and electronic research, 2(2):112-118 [7] M. Fernandez-Carmona, B. Fernandez-Espejo, J. M. Peula, C. Urdiales, and F. Sandoval, “Efficiency based collaborative control modulated by biometrics for wheelchair assisted navigation,” in Proc. IEEE 11th Int.Conf. Rehabil. Robot., Kyoto, Japan, Jun. 2009, pp. 737–742. [8] Nirmal T. M. 2014. Wheelchair for Physically and Mentally Disabled Persons. International journal of electrical and electronic research, 2(2):112-118 [9] S. Gulati and B. Kuipers, “High performance control for graceful motion of an intelligent wheelchair,” in Robotics and Automation,2008. ICRA 2008. IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2008, pp. 3932–3938. [10] G. Bourhis, K. Moumen, P. Pino, S. Rohmer, and A. Pruski, “Assisted navigation for a powered wheelchair systems engineering in the service of humans,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Syst., Man Cybern., Le Touquet, France, Oct. 1993, pp. 553–558. [11] Satish Kumar Dwivedi, Deepak Kumar Yadav, Ashutosh Mishra and sujeet Kumar, “Design and Fabrication of a Motorized Tricycle for Physically Challenged Persons”, International Journal of Engineering Science Invention, ISSN (Online): 2319-6734, ISSN (Print): 2319-6726, www.ijesi.org, Volume 3, Issue 4\\\\ April 2014\\\\ pp.29-32 [12] Samip Mahta, Deven Godhani, Nauman Vadnagarwala and Chirag Shivdas, “Foot Steered Tricycle”, International Journal of Design and Manufacturing Technology, Volume 8, Issue 1, ISSN (Print): 0976-6995, ISSN (online):0976-7002, JanApr 2016, © IAEME Publication, pp.13-29.

Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Dr. A. H. Ingle , Yash R. Sathawane, Ritik G. Borkar , Roshan G. Vaidya , Vishal N. Nakhate. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.