Forming nouns using suffixes

Abstract

This article is about the formation of nouns using suffixes that are located between the root, stem and ending or particle. Because in Korean, particles are certainly used in sentences.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Suffixes in Korean are located between the stem and the ending or particle. Without being used without them, they cannot serve as the morphological boundary of the word and express such grammatical meanings that are not related to the syntactic position of the word, namely: the meaning of the voice, reverence, time, probable modality.

The suffix "?", as noted above, is an active and productive layered morpheme and, when attached to the stem of the verb, forms both a verbal noun and an adverb. However, within the framework of the requirements for term papers in terms of the volume of content, we will consider the suffix nature of word formation in the Korean language only on the example of the formation of verbal nouns.

By suffixing in Korean, both simple and complex (compound) verbal nouns are formed.

?? + ? = ?? - Earnings

??? + ? = ??? - smoothing

?? + ? = ?? - height

? + ?? + ? = ? ?? - a piece of iron

?? + ?? + ? = ???? - thrift

This table gives examples of the formation of: 1) simple verbal nouns using suffixation, by attaching the suffix '- ?' to the stem of a simple verb (for example: when attaching the descriptive verb '??' to the stem of the descriptive verb '??' the "high" suffix '- ?' forms a noun ' ?? '"height").

2) compound (complex) verbal nouns using a mixed type of word formation, by addition followed by suffixation, for example: '???' "a piece of iron" by adding the stems of the noun '?' "iron" and the verb '??' "to stick" with the subsequent addition suffix '- ?'

The word-forming suffix'- ? / ? 'in Korean, being an active and productive morpheme, joins the stem of the verb to form a verbal noun. The suffix '- ?' is attached to the stem of the verb, with a final syllable followed by a consonant letter (for example, when joining the stem of an irregular verb to '?' '??' "to walk, to walk" of the suffix '- ?', the verbal noun '??' "step »), With a final syllable on a vowel - '- ?' (for example, when adding the suffix '- ?' to the stem of the verb '???', the suffix '- ?' is formed, the verbal noun '??'“ making, cooking ”is formed). Let's look at other examples of the formation of verbal nouns in the table below:

?? + ? = ?? - step

?? + ? = ?? - faith

?? + ? = ?? - crying

?? + ? = ? - knowledge

??? - ? = ?? - making, cooking

Korean has a respectful noun suffix "?" This suffix, when attached to titles, positions, appeals and words denoting kinship, gives a respectful meaning to the subject or object of the proposal or appeal. Consider the following table as an example:

?? + ? = ??? - teacher

??? + ? = ??? ? - father

?? + ? = ?? ? - rector

??? + ? = ??? - mom

?? + ? = ?? ? - parents

? + ? = ?? - guest

For example:

??? ? ? ? ?? ??? - mom is sick

?? ? ??? ? ?? ??? - a friend often goes to the library

??? ? ??? ? ?? ??? - People are waiting for the plane

In Korean, the word-forming suffixes ‘- ?’, ‘- ?’, ‘- ?’, ‘- ?’, ‘ ?? ’,‘ - ?? ’,‘ - ?? ’follow the nouns to clarify their meaning. The suffix ‘- ?’ is used with a noun to denote them numbers or masses and has the meaning "about so much". Very often "approximately". When used with an auxiliary particle, ‘?’ emphasizes the understatement of the noun.

For example:

1. ??? ??? ?? ??? - How long does it take to walk?
2. ? ?? ? ? 20 ?? ?? ??? - This guy is about 20 years old.

The suffix'- ? 'is used when the date or time is unknown, and the suffix ‘?’ is used with cardinal numbers and means "over", "above"

For example:

1. ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ???. The lesson ends at about 3 o'clock.

2. ??? ?? ??? ?? ???. I moved here over 10 years ago.

The suffix ‘- ?’ when used after names means “distribution”. For example:

1. ? ? ? ?? ? ??? ?? ??. Please take a little of this medicine every time you eat.
2. ??? ?? ?? ???. Please split in pairs (two people).
3. ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ???. I eat three times a day

Quantitative or qualitative expression, denotes a unit of measurement. For example:

1. 100 ? ?? ?? ? ?? ???. Please give me two hundred won stamps.

2. ? ??? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ??? ? ????. This kindergarten only accepts children 5 years old.

The suffix ‘- ??’, when used after names, denotes the quantity or value of money. For example:

1. ? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ??. How much should I give you these vegetables?

2. ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ???. It only costs 10,000 won

The suffix ‘- ??’, used after names, denotes belonging to a group of people or animals. For example:

1. ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???. This game is for men only.

??? ? ??? ??, ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ???. Tigers live with tigers, lions live with lions.

References

[1] ??????????? ?.?. ??????? ???? ? ????????????????? ???????? // ???? ????????????? ??????? ? ?????: ???? ? ??????? ????. ?.: ?????, 1988. C. 8–69. [2] Politeness Phenomena.” In Questions and Politeness: Strategies in Social Interaction, edited by Esther N. Goody, 56-289. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [3] ??????? ?. ?. ???????????????????. ??????? ???????. ?.: ????????. 2001. 208 ?. [4] ???????? ?. ?., ???????? ?. ?. ??????? ?????????? ?????. ?., 2004. [5] ???, ??????. ??, 2005. [6] ???, ??????????. ??, 2001. [7] ???, ???, ???. ??????????? 1. ??, 2005. [8] ???. ??????. ?????. 1984. [9] ???. ??? // ??????????. 1990, pp.401-408. [10] ???. ?????. 2005. [11] ???. ??????????????. ??. 2012.

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Tellyaeva Rushana Ashurovna. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.