A Study on Health and Safety Management of Workers in Construction Industries Across Hyderabad, India

Abstract

The construction industry is the 2nd largest employer industry after agriculture, employing 33M (million) people. The report from construction India development concil (CIDC) of 2005-2006 in India. Large percentages of work force are untrained, unskilled, illiterate, and migrante. Most of them drawn from rural background. There is no method establishment pragmatic method of screening work force prior to deployment of construction sites. Occupational fatalities; injuries and disease constitute defects as they are not project requirements. Injuries also contribute to the cost of construction and development as workers insurance compensation is include as a labour overhead and cost of accidents is integrated into cost structure of contractors Total Quality Management (TQM) is the strategy that links the processes of occupational safety and health, quality and productivity, health and safety providing the catalyst for realizing the synergy between the three processes. This paper is providing of TQM totally deals with top level in an organization and deals with the supervisors on site which provide. This paper in detail about the factors that affect safety in construction sites, beside this the research also studies the reason behind the accidents in construction sites and finally explores how safety management procedures could be implemented at their best in the construction industry.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Occupational fatalities, injuries, and illnesses result in significant human suffering and affect not only the workers directly involved but also their communities and families, contributing to national medical and rehabilitation costs.A clear focus on safety-enhancing attitudes and behaviors will help improve overall site safety and reduce accidents. Despite increased safety awareness, construction remains a high-risk industry with approx. 5 percent of workers in Britain, it accounts for 27 percent of worker fatalities and 10 percent of reported serious injuries. Behavioral change is essential to prevent accidents and helps companies improve safety standards on-site through their employees. However, occupational diseases, injuries, and mortality also contribute to resource variability, which increases project risk. This risk manifests itself in increased construction costs, environmental damage, schedule overruns, and failure to meet quality standards. Another aspect is the image of the supplier and the client, which is negatively affected by accidents.  As every member of the client, construction and design teams affects and contributes to occupational health and safety, project managers, as project leaders and coordinators, are uniquely positioned to integrate health and safety into all aspects of the construction process and projecting. Safety in the workplace and in the workplace has become the main points of many organizations, which result in their consequences, which result from even a dangerous environment, productivity and health of the workforce. In particular, the construction industry suffers the largest share of workplace accidents, including injuries and deaths (Kim and Chi,i 2019).i The extent and intensity of accidents that occur on construction sites is at an alarming level. This is due to the risks and dangers associated with the type of work and the types of situations that workers have to deal with during production activities. The field of occupational accidents affects not only employees, but has serious negative effects on the overall economic and social health of organizations Frequent accidents cause a decrease in the efficiency of the workforce and increase absenteeism at work Such accidents also demotivate employees (Beqiri,i 2020) and waning enthusiasm is reflected in sloppy and disorganized execution of tasks (Dei Prinsi eti al.,i2020). Due to inadequate reporting and misrepresentation of occupational injuries and illnesses, including fatalities, accurate documentation of incidents is quite difficult. However, the International Labor Organization (ILO) reports approximately 2.78 million people worldwide who have lost their lives as a result of occupational accidents. and diseases' Worldwide there are about 374 million non-fatal work-related injuries resulting in 4-day absence from work Of all the industries in the world, construction appears to be disproportionately much higher in the incidence of work-related injuries (International Labori Organization 2020).

According to ai report on occupational accidents and work-related illnesses by Ministry of Social Affairs and Health of Finland nearly an 8% increase was noted for fatal occupational accidents over the span of 4i years in 2014i with roughly 380,500i fatalities Asia had the highest number of fatalities among the five regions including Africa America Europe and Oceania that encompassed about 70%i globally (Ministry of Social Affairs and Health Finland 2017).iThe proportion of fatality incidences is high in the construction sector than any other sector in countries like Sweden Australia and Untied Kingdom that establishes the concern over safety in the construction industry even strongly (Farooqui etial.,i 2008). Approx. 80% of all accidents on construction sites are caused by unsafe human behaviors, with the majority of fatalities being due to workers falling from heights, striking against or being struck by moving objects, or being struck specifically by moving vehicles (Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Labour Department, 2012). Construction is different from other industries because of several unique characteristics, including complicated construction processes, temporary organizational structure, changing work locations (Building, 1987), complex work environments (Fang and Wu, 2013), and the characteristics of worker behaviors, which are not as standardized as those in manufacturing factories (Geller, 2001a,b). In India around 48,000i workers die due to occupational accidents of which 28.2i percent is attributed to the construction sector (The Times of India 2019).

The construction industry is an important identifier for economic development for India as it opens new investment opportunities across related sectors Gross Domestic Product (GDP)i from construction in India has increased to INRi 2,754.48i billion to INRi 2,535.88i billion in the fourth quarter of 2018i (India GDPi from construction 2018). The success of the construction firm depends on the successful completion of the projects.

II. OBJECTIVES OF WORK

1. To identify the broad factory that influence safety compliance in Indiana construction.
2. To  reduce risky of injuries to public and accidents. .
3. To select best option to reduce the accidents.
4. To provide correct procedure and feasible one.

III. SCOPE OF WORK

1. To attain up to zero accidents on construction site
2. The  research will help to get maximum safety by fewer efforts
3. By instructing the workers about construction safety importance towards their lives
4. Combination of TQM and BBS can make a big difference

IV. METHODOLOGY

V. DATA COLLECTION

The data is gathered from engineers, contractors, and workers from different construction companies across Hyderabad. In this work, data is gathered from answers collected from respondents' views on safety factors affecting the construction company. With the help of questionnaires, the data is collected in this work

VI. RESPONSES

Responses from various organizations and individuals is done through goggle form

Data analysis is done and graphical representation of data to clear understanding of conclusions

Conclusion

Based on the research findings from following conclusion found:- 1) The fatalities and injuries in Hyderabad in construction is uncontrollable and to reduce it. The efforts are needed from all the project shakeholders 2) Proper training of employees can reduce the injuries 3) Use of ppe can minimize the accidents 4) Health and safety of worker plays important role in successfulness of project 5) Awareness program can minimized up to 20% of project risk

References

[1] Zwetsloot, G., van Kampen, J., Steijn, W., Post, S., 2020. Ranking of process safety cultures for risk-based inspections using indicative safety culture assessments. J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. 64, 104065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104065. [2] Abdel-Razek, R., 1998. Factors affecting construction quality in Egypt: Identification and relative importance. Eng. Constr. Architec. Manage. 5 (3), 220–227. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/eb021076. [3] Abdul-Rahman, Ft., 1995. Some observations on the management of quality among construction professionals in the UK. Constr. Manage. Econ. 14 (1), 195–485. https://doi.org/10.1080/014461996373197. [4] Akram, R., Thaheem, M.J., Nasir, A.R., Ali, T.H., Khan, S., 2019. Exploring the role of building information modeling in construction safety through science mapping. Saf. Sci. 120, 456–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.07.036. [5] Al-Momani, A.H., 2000. Examining service quality within construction processes. J. Technovation 20 (11), 643–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(00)00002- [6] X. Alaghbari, W., Al-Sakkaf, A.A., Sultan, B., 2019. Factors affecting construction labour productivity in Yemen. Int. J. Constr. Manage. 19 (1), 79–91. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/15623599.2017.1382091. [7] Antwi-Afari, M.F., Li, H., Wong, J.K.W., Oladinrin, O.T., Ge, J.X., Seo, J., Wong, A.Y.L., 2019. Sensing and warning-based technology applications to improve occupational health and safety in the construction industry. Eng. Constr. Architec. Manage. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-05-2018-0188. [8] Ardeshir, A., Mohajeri, M., 2018. Assessment of safety culture among job positions in high-rise construction: a hybrid fuzzy multi criteria decision-making (FMCDM) approach. Int. J. Injury Control Saf. Promot. 25 (2), 195–206. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/17457300.2017.1416483 [9] Bergh, V.D., 2003. Leading and trailing indicators: Occupational safety. In: ISSA/ Chamber of Mines Conference 2003 - Mines and Quarries Prevention of Occupational Injury and Disease, Sandton Convention Centre, Sandton, South Africa. Berhanu, F., Gebrehiwot, M., Gizaw, Z., 2019. Workplace injury and associated factors among construction workers in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 20 (1), 523. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2917- 1. [10] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925753506000701

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Syed Minhaj Uddin Ahmed, Mohammed Furkhan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.