Helmet-Riding to the Next Generation

Abstract

A helmet is a type of head protection that is worn on the head. By decreasing the impact of a force or collision to the head, a helmet seeks to lessen the risk of significant head and brain injuries. The shell, EPS liner, Comfort liner, Cheek pads, Visor, and Retention or closing mechanism are the different sections of a helmet. The outer shell of a motorcycle helmet can be made lighter and more comfortable by using materials that reduce weight and absorb energy. Metal foams are a type of cellular material that has a number of fascinating qualities, including high stiffness and low specific weight, as well as effective energy absorption. These distinct features make them suitable for a wide range of applications, from car bumpers to aircraft crash recorders.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The Material Selection process for a product entails taking into account a variety of factors such as the manufacturing process, the environment, availability, function, form, cost, context of usage, and other factors. The designer is expected to include all of the relevant criteria while picking materials in order to provide a favourable user experience. It might also mean swapping out the current materials for something else that offers the same or better benefits.

We've also put some extra features in our helmet. For our helmet, we've designed an app illustration that can be connected through Bluetooth. We've added a few more functions to our helmet using this technology. They are as follows:

1. Music: While riding, the rider will be able to listen to music with minimum sound.
2. Navigation: The rider will be provided instructions on how to get to his desired location. It also informs about traffic and journey time.
3. Speed Limiter: If the car reaches 80 mph, he will be notified, allowing him to travel safely.
4. Call Receiver: Using the touch sensor on the left bottom, the driver will be able to accept or deny calls.

II. METHODOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL WORK

Helmet shells come in a variety of materials. The most frequent material utilised in the construction of helmets is fibreglass. Kevlar, Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer, Polycarbonate, Nylon 6,6, ABS are some of the other materials we're looking into for determining the best material to replace fibreglass.

We used the Ashby chart to compare different properties of our chosen materials and then compare them to see which one is the best suited material to replace the current use material (Fibreglass), but we can't pick and choose which properties to compare, so the properties chosen for comparison must be those that are essential for a motorcycle helmet.

The properties which we are taking into consideration to find a substitute for fibreglass are:

1. Density vs Young’s Modulus
2. Fracture Toughness
3. Hardness
4. Wear rate
5. Cost

Because of its features like lightweight and strong strength, fibreglass is one of the most commonly utilised materials for constructing helmet shells. As a result, we may determine the rankings of other materials by using it as a reference material.

From the above table, by comparing the performance indexes, it is visible that CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (CFRP) is the most suitable material because of its good stiffness and light weight.

• By comparing the toughness of various materials in the table above, it is clear that CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (CFRP) is the best suited material due to its great toughness.
• While CFRP has the highest toughness, Kevlar's (7.57) hardness is not far behind CFRP (7.81).

From the previous table, CFRP came out to be the best material in terms of weight and stiffness. But, after considering the cost, Kevlar came out to be the best material.

IV. COST ANALYSIS

The different parts of our helmet include cheek pads, visor, shell, EPS lining, Comfort lining etc

V. ADDITIONAL FEATURES OF OUR HELMET: APPLICATION ILLUSTRATION

VI. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. From Table 1

1. When comparing the performance indices, it is clear that CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (CFRP) is the most suitable material because of its good stiffness and light weight.
2. When comparing the performance indices, it is clear that CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (CFRP) is the most suitable material because of its good stiffness and light weight.

B. From Table 3

1. When evaluating the toughness of various materials, it is clear that CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC (CFRP) is the best option due to its great toughness.
2. Although CFRP has the highest toughness, Kevlar's (7.57) toughness is not much lower than CFRP's (7.81).

C. From Table 5

1. When comparing the WEAR RATE, it is clear that KEVLAR is the most appropriate material due to its HIGHEST RESISTANCE TOWARDS WEAR AND TEAR UNDER SIMILAR CIRCUMSTANCES.
2. NYLON 6,6 and CFRP are ranked 2nd and 3rd, respectively, behind KEVLAR.

D. From Table 7

1. When comparing the COST, it is clear that KEVLAR is the most suited material due to its HIGHEST PERFORMANCE INDEX WHEN NORMALISED COST IS TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION, as shown in Table-7.
2. NYLON 6,6 and ABS are ranked 2nd and 3rd, respectively, after KEVLAR.

We derive Young's Modulus – Density, Fracture Toughness – Density, and Wear rate – Hardness by comparing all the tables

Conclusion

In this work, we attempted to design a helmet made of a superior material to replace fibreglass, as well as to combine new functionality via a Bluetooth connecting device. Due to its low weight, high rigidity, strongest resistance to wear rate, and low cost, Kevlar was determined to be the optimum material for the job. Bluetooth headset, touch sensor to receive and deny calls, navigations with directions and traffic information, and a speed controller are among the extra features included to improve the rider\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s safety and security. Because of its additional benefits not seen in traditional helmets, this helmet would be highly valuable for future generations. Our model\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s future scope of improvement would be to produce a long-lasting battery so that the user does not have to constantly charge it. Other features may be added, such as a riders tiredness detection system that alerts the user if someone is attempting to steal the helmet, and a locking system for the motorbike.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Yuvraj ., G. Sai Venu Geethika, Ayush Bakrewal. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.