Ijraset Journal For Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology
Authors: Komal Landge, Dr. Hingane L. D.
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45027
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I. INTRODUCTION
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder of proteins, fats and carbohydrate, affecting a large number of world population in the world Diabetes mellitus is known as a group of chronic metabolic diseases characterized by rise in blood glucose level due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially the heart, eyes, blood vessels, kidneys, and nerves 2. Various pathological changes are responsible for development of diabetes. Autoimmune destruction of the β-cells of the pancreas causes decrease in insulin secretion and lead to insulin deficiency. The basis of the abnormalities in metabinsulin on target tissues known as insulin resistance. Deficient insulin action results from inadequate insulin secretion and/or diminished tissue responses to insulin at one or more points in the complex pathways of hormone action. Hyperglycemia occurs in patients due to defects in insulin action frequently coexist in the same patient. Impairment of insulin secretion and hyperglycemia characterized by symptom such as polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, sometimes with polyphagia, and blurred vision. olism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein in diabetes decreases Impairment of growth and susceptibility to certain infections may also be associated with chronic hyperglycemia. Uncontrolled diabetes characterized with hyperglycemia with ketoacidosis or the nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome is an acute life-threatening consequence.
Long-term complications of diabetes include nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, amputations, foot ulcers, Charcot joints, autonomic neuropathy causing genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular symptoms and sexual dysfunction. Impairment of insulin secretion and hyperglycemia characterized by symptom such as polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, sometimes with polyphagia, and blurred vision. olism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein in diabetes decreases Impairment of growth and susceptibility to certain infections may also be associated with chronic hyperglycemia. Uncontrolled diabetes characterized with hyperglycemia with ketoacidosis or the nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome is an acute life-threatening consequence. Long-term complications of diabetes include nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, amputations, foot ulcers, Charcot joints, autonomic neuropathy causing genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular symptoms and sexual dysfunction. Diabetic subject have an increased incidence of peripheral arterial, atherosclerotic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism and hypertension are often found in diabetics. In past few years, field of herbal medicines are growing exponentially and these drugs are gaining popularity both in world because of it is derived from natural origin and having minimum side effects. Many traditional medicines in use are derived from medicinal plants, minerals and organic matter.
A 60% of world population is using traditional medicines which are derived from medicinal plants. This review basically focused on Indian herbal drugs and plants used in the treatment of diabetes, especially in India. Diabetes is an important human ailment afflicting many from various walks of life in different countries. In India it is proving to be a major health problem, especially in the urban areas. Though there are various approaches to reduce the ill effects of diabetes and its secondary complications, herbal formulations are preferred due to lesser side effects and low cost Many of allopathic medicines are available for the treatment of diabetes but somehow they have their own side effect & adverse effect like hypoglycaemia, nausea, vomiting, hyponatremia, flatulence, diarrhoea or constipation, alcohol flush, headache, weight gain, lactic acidosis, pernicious anaemia, dyspepsia, dizziness, joint pain. So instead of allopathic drugs, herbal drugs are a great choice which is having more or less no side effect & adverse effects.
A. Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus
The prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes are increasingly high in developing countries, where many of diabetic and pre-diabetic subjects are remained to identify. People with Pre-diabetes often have the chance to reverse both the condition and their chances of going on to develop diabetes by up to 60 % simply through losing even just a moderate amount of weight, adopting a healthy balanced diet and increasing physical activity levels. According to world health organization (WHO) estimates, in 2005 approximately 1.6 billion adult were overweight and at least 400 million were obese worldwide, number that projected to reach 2.3 billion and 700 million, respectively, by 2015. Paralleling these trends, in 2010 about 300 million people were estimated to have DM globally and this number expected to increase to near about 450 million by 2030 .
B. Types of Diabetes Mellitus
C. Introduction of Herbal Medicine How do herbal medicines work?
All herbal plants having specific active constitutes that gives a therapeutic action. Medicinal plants containing many active chemical constitute, and it is likely that they work together to produce the desired synergetic medicinal effect. The type of environment (climate, bugs, soil quality) in which a plant grew will affect its active components, as will how and when it was harvested and processed that also important for action of herbal medicine
D. How are herbal medicines used?
Herbal medicine is the study of the botony and use of Medicinal plant. Plant have been the basis for medicinal treatment through much of Human History is called as Herbal Medicine These active chemical constituents are working together to produce therapeutic effects and also decreases the chances of side effects from any one component. Numbers of herbs are often used together to enhance effectiveness and which is responsible for synergistic actions and to reduce toxicity. Herbalists must take many things into account when prescribing herbs. For example, the genus or species and diversity of the plant, the plant's habitat, how it was stored and process.
E. Herbal Medicine since Ancient Time
In ancient literature more than 800 plant species have been reported to have potent antidiabetic activity 20. The ancient or Ayurvedic literature survey is demonstrating that the in India diabetes was practically well known and well-conceived since ancient time. The knowledge of the system of diabetes mellitus, as the history reveals, existed with the Indians since prehistoric age 21, 22. Ayurvedic antidiabetic medicinal plant increases Rasas (gastric secretions) and improves digestive power, being Laghu, being Ruksha and gets easily digested in the body decrease . Food substances, which are ‘madhumehaghna’ (antidote), are an important essential principle of therapy for the prameha (diabetes) patient.
Classification of Antidiabetic Agent: Oral Hypoglycemic agent
II. HERBAL DRUG THAT ARE USED IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS
A. Onion
B. Garlic
C. Neem
[15] Hydroalcoholic extracts of this plant showed antihyperglycemic
D. Mango
E. Guduchi
F. Fenugreek
G. Turmeric
H. Liquorice
I. Vinca
J. Bitter Guard
K. Aloe
L. Bael
M. Ocimum Sanctum
II. CURRENT AND FUTURE TREND IN HERBAL MEDICINE:
Herbal medicine is an important component towords alternative medicine .it is a become more popular in today world because of natural remidies .herbal medicine based traditional medical system of treatment is a rapidly growing helthcare syste of economic importance and is now widely used in many countries of the world. in africa upto 80% of population uses this herbal traditional medicine system to meet their healthcare needs. in asia and latine america,people continoue use to this system as results of histrical circumstances and cultural beliefs. In china ,Tm accounts for 40% of all health cares delivered.
In future ,increasing use and fast growing market of herbal medicine and other healthcare products in both developing and developed countries of the world ,policy makers health professionals and public are incresingly expressing concern about the safety .
Efficacy ,quality ,availibility , preservation and future development problem of this herbal product and TM/CAM practice s.In order to allay these concern and to meet public demands ,It provide and aimed to explain diffrent kinds of herbal medicine.
Herbal plants are playing a significant role in the treatment of various diseases. Plants have been traditionally used for their various purposes. They exhibit more reliable criterias fortheir usage as the natural source of medicaments which are free from side effects and pertain longer shelf life. Due to these features, plant drugs are being used on larger scale nowadays for the treatment of Diabetes. They are available in the form of poly herbal formulations which are very effective in the control of Diabetes.
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Copyright © 2022 Komal Landge, Dr. Hingane L. D.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Paper Id : IJRASET45027
Publish Date : 2022-06-28
ISSN : 2321-9653
Publisher Name : IJRASET
DOI Link : Click Here