Indias Progress Towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the India’s progress towards achieving sustainable development goals framed by UN, which has to be achieved before 2030. In this article we discussed about position of various states under different parameters. This article discuss about the major milestones achieved by India in progress towards achieving SDG. This article also discuss about obstacles faced by India towards achieving sustainable development goals and how it can overcome from it to achieve the goal.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION:

A. Sustainable Development

Sustainable development is development that meets the requirements of the present without compromising the capability of unborn generations to meet their own requirements. (World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future( 1987), Brundtland Report.)

B. Sustainable Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals( SDGs) or Global pretensions are a collection of 17 connected global pretensions designed to be a" participated design for peace and substance for people and the earth, now and into the future ”. The SDGs were set up in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly and are intended to be achieved by 2030. They're included in an UN-GA Resolution called the 2030 docket or what's colloquially known as Agenda 2030. The SDGs emphasize the connected environmental, social and profitable aspects of sustainable development, by putting sustainability at their center.

C. 17 Sustainable Development Goals

1. No poverty,
2. zero hunger,
3. Good health and well-being,
4. Quality education,
5. Gender equality,
6. Clean water and sanitation,
7. Affordable and clean energy,
8. Decent work and economic growth,
9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
10. Reduced Inequality,
11. Sustainable Cities and Communities,
12. Responsible Consumption and Production,
13. Climate Action,
14. Life Below Water,
15. Life On Land,
16. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions,
17. Partnerships for the Goals.

D. NITI Aayog

The NITI Aayog( National Institution for Transforming India) serves as the apex public policy think tank of the Government of India, and the nodal agency assigned with catalyzing profitable development, and fostering collaborative federalism through the involvement of State Governments of India in the profitable policy- making process using a bottom- up approach. Its enterprise include" 15- time road chart"," 7- time vision, strategy, and action plan", AMRUT, Digital India, Atal Innovation Mission, Medical Education Reform, husbandry reforms( Model Land Leasing Law, Reforms of the Agrarian Produce Marketing Committee Act, Agricultural Marketing and Farmer Friendly Reforms Index for ranking countries), Indices Measuring States Performance in Health, Education and Water Management, Sub-Group of Chief Ministers on Vindication of Centrally Sponsored Schemes, Sub-Group of Chief Ministers on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Sub-Group of Chief Ministers on Skill Development, Task Forces on Agriculture and up of Poverty, and Transforming India Lecture Series. It was established in 2015, by the NDA government, to replace the Planning Commission which followed a top-down model. The NITI Aayog council comprises all the state Chief Ministers, along with the Chief Ministers of Delhi and Puducherry, Lieutenant Governors of all UTs, and a vice-chairman nominated by the Prime Minister. In addition, temporary members are named from leading universities and exploration institutions. These members include a principal administrative officer, four ex-official members, and three part- time members.

E. NITI Aayog Role in Implementing Sustainable Development Goals

NITI Aayog has the binary accreditation to oversee the relinquishment and monitoring of the SDGs in the country and promote competitive and collaborative federalism among States and UT’s. The task at hand for NITI Aayog isn't just to periodically collect data on SDGs but to proactively realise the pretensions and targets.

II. PARTNERS

A. United Nations Resident Coordinator’s Office (UNRCO)

The SDG India Index and Dashboard are products of the cooperation between the SDG Vertical and UNRCO. Both parties also banded in 2019 on a knowledge product named ‘ Localising SDGs Beforehand Assignments from India ’, which details the gests of and literacy from the localisation sweats of all States and UTs. The SDG Vertical, UNRCO, and the Ministry of Statistics and Programme perpetration( MoSPI) unite on the SDG Data Forum for supporting data, pointers, and statistics for covering SDGs in India.

B. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

UNDP is the Vertical’s mate for the localisation sweats. The shops and other engagements with the States/ UTs led by NITI Aayog are supported by UNDP. Both parties also unite on the enterprise on multidimensional poverty dimension and reduction. The cooperation has been formalised through an MoU inked by both organisations in August 2020.

C. Deutsche Gesellschaft Für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ):

The Vertical and GIZ have entered into a cooperation to take SDG localisation to the megacity position. Both parties will unite on developing an indicator and dashboard to cover and report the progress on achieving the SDG targets at the megacity position. The collaboration also aims at training and capacity- structure programmes on data- driven civic governance for civic original bodies ’ officers. The cooperation has been formalised through an MoU inked in October 2020.

D. Oxford Poverty And Human Development Initiative (OPHI)

OPHI, UNDP, and the SDG Vertical entered into a cooperation for multidimensional poverty dimension and reduction. The development of the public MPI is an affair of the collaboration. The cooperation also extends to designing a reform action plan for faster poverty reduction.

E. KPMG

The SDG Vertical mates with KPMG and UNRCO on private sector integration for SDGs, which aims to measure the impact of the business sector on the SDGs.

F. Primus Partners

Primus mates, UNDP, and the SDG Vertical have banded on developing an online platform to grease the magnet of SDG- linked investments.

III. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Ahmad Mohd Khalid et al, 2020   The sustainable development pretensions( SDGs) were result of expansive stakeholder participation and global agreement. Despite large pledges, there's an adding concern among the member states whether SDGs address real problems of nations, particularly the developing world. This study discusses crucial issues raised by developing countries with respect to the SDGs. Using opinion of experts on SDGs regarding its counteraccusations and future, a case study for India is presented. The study with its findings and policy recommendations intend to profit SDG perpetration sweats and planning at the public and sub-national position in India and other developing countries, helping them redesign and probe their public SDG perpetration strategies on analogous lines as India to ameliorate its reach and effectiveness.

Basant Kumar Panda et al, 2018  The Sustainable Development Goals( SDGs) are decreasingly being used to measure experimental progress among and within countries. Achieving the health- related SDGs remains a primary concern of numerous developing countries. This study measured the progress in named health-affiliated pointers of SDGs in the countries of India by social and profitable groups, and prognosticated their likely progress by 2030. The health pointers analysed included health issues, nutrition, health care application and determinants of health. Data from the Census of India, Sample Registration System( SRS), National Family and Health checks( NFHSs) and National Sample Survey Organization( NSSO) were used in the analysis. Periodic rate of progress( ARP) and the needed rate of progress( RRP) were reckoned for named pointers over the period 2005 – 06 to 2015 – 16. A Composite Index of Health( CIH) was used to understand the state of health of populations. The ARP was advanced than the RRP in motherly care and reduction of under- five mortality, while ARP was lower than the RRP in undernutrition and sanitation. The ARP for health-affiliated pointers showed a mixed pattern across religion and estate groups. The ARP for medical backing at birth and immunization was loftiest among slated gentries and that for reduction of under- five mortality was loftiest among slated lines. The CIH was smallest in Uttar Pradesh(0.26) and loftiest in Goa(0.81). The association between the CIH and the Human Development Index( HDI) was significant, suggesting interlinkage between health and development. Notable advancements were observed in motherly and child health and motherly health care application across social groups in India over the period 2005 – 06 to 2015 – 16, and if the trends continue the country can achieve the SDG target in motherly health by 2030. still, progress in nutrition and other health pointers has been slow and uneven.

Mohammad Asim Nomani et al, 2016 Energy policy, environmental planning and profitable development play a crucial part in sustainable development. Sustainable development requires suitable and strategic programs satisfying multiple and disagreeing objects. Fuzzy thing programming( FGP) is a well- known approach in multi-criteria decision- making for its practical operation. In this composition, a FGP approach is proposed to assay environmental, energy and sustainability pretensions of India by the time 2030 with reference to the crucial profitable sectors of India. The presented model analyses the enhancement openings, demand of sweats and perpetration of the sustainable development plans. Numerical illustration is also handed for confirmation and operation of the proposed model.

Conclusion

India isn\'t placed well to achieve the United Nations- commanded Sustainable Development Goals( SDG) and its preparedness has worsened over the times in comparison with other countries. A. The Major Challenges Include 1) The country continues to face major challenges in achieving 11 of the 17 SDGs, which has pushed down its global ranking on SDG preparedness. 2) Ensuring decent work( SDG 8) has come more grueling . 3) According to the report, India is on track to achieving SDG 13 on climate action. still, The State of India’s Environment, 2022 flagged that the country was facing major challenges in this area. India’s performance on climate action —( SDG) 13 — has slipped from 2019- 2020. 4) This decline in India’s overall performance is primarily due to eight countries — Bihar, Telangana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, AP Pradesh, Punjab and Jharkhand — whose scores have dipped under SDG 13 in the two times. B. Progress Made 1) The progress in around 10 of these pretensions is analogous to those in 2021. 2) These include SDG 2 on ending hunger, SDG 3 on good health and good and SDG 6 on clean water and sanitation. C. Recommendations 1) New hookups and inventions should be Gauged- up. 2) New Hookups and inventions that surfaced during the Covid- 19 epidemic, including in scientific cooperation and data, should be gauged - up to support the SDGs. D. Science and Technological inventions 1) Science, technological inventions, and data systems can help identify results in times of heads and can give decisive benefactions to address the major challenges of our times. 2) These call for increased and dragged investments in statistical capacities, Research & Development and education and chops. E. Adding Investment 1) Achieving the SDGs is unnaturally an investment docket in physical structure( including renewable energy, digital technologies) and mortal capital( including health, education). 2) Yet the poorest half of the world lacks request access to capital on respectable terms. 3) Poor and vulnerable countries have been hit hard by the multiple heads and their slip overs.

References

[1] Chromeextension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/SDG_3.0_Final_04.03.2021_Web_Spreads.pdf http://www.niti.gov.in/

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Ranjith R, Ronit Kumar, Satya Prakash Sahoo. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.