Investigating The Spectral Response of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) for Temperature Sensor Applications

Abstract

In the field of sensor technology, the optical fibre sensor (OFS) has gained a lot of notoriety and prominence. It is frequently utilised to detect changes in the environment and react to outputs from other systems, such as those used in chemical analysis, industrial, and monitoring applications. A Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) is a type of device in which a brief segment of optical fibre with a particular wavelength is reflected with light, while the Bragg reflector begins to grow and transmit all other wavelengths. The developing features and behaviours of temperature and strain sensors working on Fibre Bragg Grating using computer modelling are the focus of the current project. The main objective of this work is to examine the behaviour and properties of temperature sensors operating on Fibre Bragg Grating. The temperature sensor is utilised to measure and identify any temperature anomalies operating on the Fibre Bragg Grating that may cause mishaps or fires. This will reveal how temperature sensors may be demonstrated using Fibre Bragg Grating.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

A fiber-optic sensor is one that uses optical fibre both as an intrinsic sensor and as a method of processing extrinsic sensor signals that are relayed from the far sensor to the electronics. The three components of an optical fibre are the coating, cladding, and core. The cladding layer has an index of refraction of n2 , and it was initially composed of a dielectric substance. The cladding material's index of refraction is lower than the core material's.[1]. Optical fibre sensors with a very wide bandwidth, resilience to electromagnetic interference, and a robust ability to operate in harsh temperature, toxic, and pressure situations.[2] One of the most interesting advancements in optical fibre sensing technology is the fibre Bragg grating (also known as fibre Bragg Grating) sensor, which has multiplexing capacity and is widely used in a variety of SHM.[3] A Fibre Bragg Grating functions as a sensor and has a unique character to follow. For example, the strain is determined by the Fibre Bragg Grating when the fibre is compacted. This occurs as a result of the optical fibre distortion, which modifies the microstructure's time adjustment. For a fibre Bragg grating, affectability of the temperature-sensitive material is also inherent. The temperature sensor acting in the Fibre Bragg Grating, where the Bragg wavelength shifted due to the change in refractive index is induced by the thermo-optic coefficient and the thermal-expansion coefficient, is similar to the strain sensors where the single-point sensors belong to and save the highlights the characteristics of small size, solidness, peak accuracy, and elasto-optic for the optical strain.[4] In the past several years, numerous studies have been conducted on Fibre Bragg Grating (Fibre Bragg Grating) by numerous researchers who have used simulation to use Fibre Bragg Grating as a strain and temperature sensor. The two main outcomes of Fibre Bragg Grating are the refractive index and the grating period. This study presents Fibre Bragg Grating and centres on its numerical theoretical demonstration and simulation using MATLAB, aided by simulation results that provide insight into the impacts of Fibre Bragg Grating.

Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) have shown a great potential advantage in biomedical application over the past ten years [5] due to their prominent characteristics, which include their extremely small size, light weight, immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), electrical neutrality, and ability to be easily embedded into a structure without having any effects on the mechanical properties of the object under investigation[6][7].Fibre Bragg Grating was used as a photoacoustic (PA)detection method to detect the existence of tumours because of its capacity to transform the absorbed energy entirely into heat without producing PA signals caused by scattering particles[7]. Because it combines light contrast and ultrasonic resolution, the photoacoustic approach is unique[8]. This technique is used in tumour diagnosis because of its benefits, which include noninvasiveness, high detection sensitivity, and the ability to identify small element sizes[9],[10].

Optical fibre that has been specially designed can be used to create sensors. The core refractive index of the optical fibre meant for sensor applications is different from the core and cladding of a conventional fibre only a very small fraction of the fibre [11]. Usually, in that little area of the optical fibre core, a periodic structure is inserted. This part of the fibre core is called Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBG) because it reflects particular light wavelengths. The effective refractive index of a dielectric waveguide is periodically changed when the waveguide's characteristics are changed on a regular basis [12], [13]. On the other hand, a DBR is a structure made up of several alternating layers of materials with different refractive indices. The FBG, which is a periodic wavelength-scale modification of the refractive index, is encoded in the fibre core segment. Light that satisfies the Bragg condition at a specific wavelength is reflected by Bragg gratings. When forward and back propagation modes couple at a particular wavelength, a grating experiences this reflection [14]. When a particular requirement, such as the Bragg condition, between the vectors of the light waves and the vector number of the grating is met, the coupling coefficient of the modes is at its highest:

Conclusion

In conclusion, all of the objectives of this study have been successfully met. In order to simulate temperature sensors, this study proposed modeling the characteristics and behaviors of fiber bragg gratings. Performance analysis, trait and behavior identification, and the evaluation of the temperature sensor functionality can all be done with this simulation. MATLAB was successfully used to analyze the current work for this simulation-designed model for the temperature sensors in the Fiber Bragg Grating. For this study, MATLAB software was used to simulate the spectral characteristics for temperature sensors of the Fiber Bragg Grating sensing system. The behavior, features, and functionality of Fiber Bragg Gratings can be examined with this simulation. The same for temperature, which in this study is simulated linearly. The temperature will be affected by the Bragg wavelength shift, as the Bragg wavelength shift increases, so does the temperature.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Muhammad Arif Bin Jalil. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.