Investigation of Building having Shear Wall and Bracings using Linear Dynamic Analysis

Abstract

The design and analysis of earthquake resistant structures play importance factor all over the world. Hilly regions such as Ambikapur, Koriya, Dantewada & Jagdalpur district as a part of Chhattisgarh are more vulnerable in terms of seismic collapse structure in recent years and demand of high-rise structures with irregularity as given below is increasing now day due to high land cost & infrastructure there is much need or require of earthquake stability check. The paper is about analysis of different RCC Frames along with different cases of shear wall and X-bracing. The objectives of this paper are to model the asymmetry frame with different cases in respect to location of retrofitting, to examine seismic parameters such as story shear, displacement, compressive stress, story drift in order to check stability and to validate the best suitable location for asymmetry building and finding out their limitation.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION TO SEISMIC ANALYSIS

Seismic analysis is a subset of structural analysis and is the calculation of the response of a building structure to earthquakes. It is part of the process of structural design, earthquake engineering or structural assessment and retrofit in regions where earthquakes are prevalent. Many researches have been conducted on the seismic analysis and still it is continuing, because more we try to learn more, we can minimize the damages and save the lives by varying different parameters of structural elements. During an earthquake, failure of structure starts at points of weakness. This weakness arises due to discontinuity in mass, stiffness and geometry of structure. The structures having this discontinuity are termed as Irregular structures Irregularities in plan are one of the major reasons of failures of structures during earthquakes. To perform well in an earthquake a building should possess four main attributes namely simple and regular configuration and adequate lateral Strength, stiffness and ductility. Buildings having simple regular geometry and uniformly distributed mass and stiffness in plan as well as elevation, suffer much less damage than buildings with irregular configuration. The traditional earthquake-resistant design philosophy requires that normal buildings should be able to resist:

1. Minor (and frequent) shaking with no damage to structural and non-structural elements;
2. Moderate shaking with minor damage to structural elements, and some damage to non-structural elements; and
3. Severe (and infrequent) shaking with damage to structural elements, but with NO collapse (to save life and property inside/adjoining the building).

II. DIFFERENT METHODS OF SEISMIC ANALYSIS

The selection of seismic analysis method  type to analyze the structure depend upon the external action, the behavior of structural material and type of structural modal selected. In bureau of Indian Standards, these four methods of analysis are defined i.e., Linear Static Analysis, Linear Dynamic Analysis, Non- Linear static analysis & non-Linear dynamic analysis.

III. LITERATURE SURVEY

The following are the literature study for RCC building having shear walls & bracing -

Dr. S. A. Halkude, Mr. M. G. Kalyanshetti, Mr. V. D. Ingle (2013) in their paper has studied that in hilly regions, engineered construction is constrained by local topography resulting in the adoption of either a step back or step back & set back configuration as a structural form for buildings. The adopted form invariably results in a structure which is irregular by virtue of varying column heights leading to torsion and increased shear during seismic ground motion. The Response spectrum analysis (RSA) is carried out namely step back frame sand step back & set back building frames on sloping ground with varying number of bays and hill slope ratio. The dynamic response i.e. Fundamental time period, top storey displacement and, the base shear action induced in columns have been studied with different building configurations on sloping ground. It is observed that step back & set back building frames are found to be more suitable on sloping ground in comparison with step back frames.

Sujit Kumar, Dr. Vivek Garg, Dr. Abhay Sharma (2014) has studied that in normal design practice the designers generally ignore the effect of sloping ground on the structural behavior of the building. The seismic analysis of a G+4 storey RCC building on varying slope angles i.e., 7.5º and 15º is studied and compared with the same on the flat ground. The seismic forces are considered as per IS: 1893?2002. The structural analysis software STAAD Pro v8i is used to study the effect of sloping ground on building performance during earthquake. The analysis is carried out to evaluate the effect of sloping ground on structural forces. It has been observed that the footing columns of shorter height attract more forces, because of a considerable increase in their stiffness, which in turn increases the horizontal force (i.e. shear) and bending moment significantly. Thus, the section of these columns should be designed for modified forces due to the effect of sloping ground. The present study emphasizes the need for proper designing of structure resting on sloping ground.

Chaitrali Arvind Deshpande, Prof. P. M. Mohite (2014) had studied on analysis of actual practiced building with step back and step back-setback configurations and ground conditions,i.e sloping ground and leveled ground, by using response spectrum method as per IS1893-2000.Effect of bottom ties on response of building when resting on sloping ground is also studied here. This studied shows that for sloping and leveled ground, step back-setback building gives effective response when earthquake occur.

Nagarjuna, Shivakumar B. Patil (2015) has studied that the structures are generally constructed on level ground; however, due to scarcity of level grounds the construction activities have been started on sloping grounds. In this study, G+ 10 storys RCC building and the ground slope varying from 100to400have been considered for the analysis. A comparison has been made with the building resting on level ground (setback). The modeling and analysis of the building has been done by using structure analysis tool ETAB, to study the effect of varying height of the column in bottom storey and the effect of shear wall at different position during the earthquake. The results have been compared with the results of the building with and without shear wall. The seismic analysis was done by linear static analysis and the response spectrum analyses have been carried out as per IS:1893 (part 1): 2002. It is observed that short column is affected more during the earthquake.

The analyses showed that for construction of the building on slope ground the step back setback building configuration is suitable, along with shear wall placed at the corner of the building.

Miss. Pratiksha Thombre, Dr.S.G. Makarande (2016) has studied that the hilly areas in northeast India contained seismic activity. The buildings are irregularly situated on hilly slopes in earthquake areas therefore many damages occurred when earthquake are affected, this may be causes lot human disaster and also affect the economic growth of these areas...In this paper we analyzed using Staad Pro comparison between sloping ground, with different slope and plain ground building using Response Spectrum Method as per IS 1893-2000. The dynamic response, Maximum displacement in columns are analyzed with different configurations of sloping ground.

Rahul Manojsingh Pawar, S.B. Sohani (2017) has studied that the buildings situated on hill slopes in earthquake prone areas are generally irregular, torsionally coupled & hence, susceptible to serve damage when affected by earthquake ground motion. These unsymmetrical buildings require great attention in the analysis & design. The various floors of such building steps back towards the hill slope and at the same time buildings may have setbacks also. Buildings situated in hilly areas are much more vulnerable to seismic environment. In this study, 3D analytical model of 10,15 & 20storied buildings have been generated for symmetric and asymmetric building Models and analyzed using structural analysis tool ‘STADD-PRO” to study the effect of varying height of columns in ground stored due to sloping ground and the effect of shear wall at different positions during earthquake.

IV. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PLANNING METHODOLOGY OF SEISMIC ANALYSIS

In this study, the equivalent dynamic analysis has been done on the different cases of regular and asymmetric cases of building frames using ETABS software. Loads considered are taken in accordance with the IS-875 (Part1 & Part2), IS-1893:2002/2016 & load combinations are according to IS-875(Part5).In this paper, the seismic analysis of asymmetry plan is been analyzed carried by Seismic Zone-V using ETABS software.

V. STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT FRAMES BEING ANALYZED

The built-up area of asymmetry building considered here are taken equal for all different cases. The building is of size i.e., 60 m x 15 m equal to 900 m2 with a height of (G+9) Storey. The floor-to-floor height is taken as 3 meters for all the structures and also the section properties is also common for all case frame structures. The following below is the Case Study to be analysed and designed in this thesis-

VI. MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS CONSIDERED FOR DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF CASES

These building frames models are made up of two basic materials i.e., concrete and reinforced steel. The table given below shows the properties of materials considered for design and analysis of all RCC frame buildings.

VII. LOADING SPECIFICATION & CALCULATIONS COMMON FOR ALL FRAMES USED IN SOFTWARE

The loads which is to be studied in the project is discussed under following clauses below in which their calculation detail is also been discussed such as Primary load, Seismic Load & their load combination etc.

A. Primary Loads Applied for Analysis

In Software, the loads are taken in the form of load cases i.e. primary load cases and the load combination of primary load cases also which are used same for all frame buildings. Firstly, here are the primary load cases which have been used in ETABS software analysis are given below in table 3.4 with their load type & numbers-

Conclusion

The following conclusions were made from the investigation 1) It is been concluded that the displacement of asymmetric building with no retrofitting shows maximum value along both the lateral direction which is approximately 38.8 % more than Case 2 model having shear wall at all high stress concentrated portion. 2) Case 3 model have displacement value 34.8% more than Case 4 model. Since, the shear wall is center making more stiffer structure along Y-direction. 3) The least displacement is shown by case 4 i.e., 44 mm along Y-direction and case 2 shows 19 mm along X-direction having shear wall along short side which was previously 78 mm without shear wall.

References

[1] Rahul Manojsingh , Pawar, S.B. Sohan, “Analysis Of Set Back Step-Back Building resting On Sloping Ground”, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) , ISSN-2349-5162, Volume 4, Issue 06 ,June 2017. [2] Krishna Kumar, Sristi Gupta, Shivam Kumari “Dynamic Study Of Step Back And Set Back Building”, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) , Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2018, pp. 185–190. [3] Nagarjuna, Shivakumar B. Pati “Lateral Stability of Multi-storey Building On Sloping Ground”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056, Volume: 02, Issue: 04, July- 2015. [4] Dr. S. A. Halkude, Mr. M. G. Kalyanshetti, Mr. V. D. Ingle, “Seismic Analysis of Buildings Resting on Sloping Ground with Varying Number of Bays and Hill Slopes”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) , ISSN: 2278-0181, Vol. 2 Issue 12, December – 2013. [5] IS: 875 (Part I) – 1987, “Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) For Buildings and Structures”, Part 1 Dead Loads - Unit Weights Of Building Materials And Stored Materials, Second Revision, September 2003. [6] Miss. Pratiksha Thombre, Dr.S.G.Makarande, “Seismic Analysis of Building Resting on Sloping Ground”, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) ISSN-2349-5162, Volume 3, Issue 6 , June 2016. [7] Sujit Kumar, Dr. Vivek Garg , “Effect Of Sloping Ground On Structural Performance Of Rcc Building Under Seismic Load”, International Journal Of Science, Engineering And Technology (IJSET), ISSN: 2348-4098, Volume 2 Issue 6 August 2014. [8] IS: 875 (Part 2) – 1987, “Code Of Practice For Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For Buildings And Structures”, Part 2 Imposed Loads, Second Revision and June 1998.

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Amir Abbasi, Shrikant Mishra. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.