IoT Based Patient Healthcare Monitoring System

Abstract

The need for a health care monitoring system that provides instant sensing and precise predictions with prompt response is highly required. Recently, health care sensors are playing a key role in hospitals and home care for patients. The patient monitoring systems has become one of the most advanced technologies because of its ability to provide a higher level of information about the patient\'s condition The prototype model designed for the healthcare monitoring system is based on three main objectives: to monitor various physical parameters of patients, to detect if any emergency has occurred to the patient and to reduce the workload on the hospital staff. Physical parameters of the patients like pulse per minute and body temperature are sensed using biosensors like pulse rate sensor and LM35 sensor respectively. The sensor values are displayed on the LCD for constant monitoring. A buzzer is turned ON and an alert notification is sent to the caretaker, if any of the values crosses the threshold, indicating an emergency. A graphical representation is also displayed on the IoT platform for past analysis. An accelerometer is used in this system to sense the movements of the patients and detect any fall or injury for senior citizens who prefer to stay at home and live independently, the system can communicate with caretakers to request for help if needed.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The need for a health care monitoring system that provides instant sensing and precise predictions with prompt response is highly required. Recently, sensors based on healthcare are playing a pivotal role in hospitals and home care for patients.[7] The patient monitoring systems has become one of the most advanced     technologies because of its ability to provide a higher level of information about the patient's condition. This proposed solution to the problem acts as a simple, effective Arduino-based system that can be used for remote monitoring by the patient’s caretaker.[4] By means of a temperature sensor and pulse rate sensor, the patient’s health can be continuously monitored. The use of an accelerometer also makes it possible to see if the patient has fallen from their current position to react immediately.[1] Remote monitoring is achieved by making use of the IoT platform that sends information to the caretaker.

II. OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

The system will be based on Arduino Uno microcontroller because of its numerous advantages of Atmega328P and will have an open-source platform with advantage of physical computing. The proposed solution is a system that constitutes different sensors like Pulse Rate sensor and LM35 Temperature sensor along with Accelerometer module. [9][10] The main applications that the system will be able to perform is discussed below. The Pulse Rate sensor and the Temperature sensor will detect the patient’s heartbeat per minute (BPM) and body temperature respectively and the values are displayed on the LCD screen. The accelerometer module detects if the patient has fallen off the bed and alerts the caretaker through IoT application ThingSpeak.[3]

III. HARDWARE PLATFORM

The system is developed using ATMEGA328P Arduino UNO, to collect data from pulse sensor, temperature sensor and Accelerometer. The block diagram of the proposed system shows the different components which will be useful to solve the problem.

V. FUTURE SCOPE

Patient health monitoring system can be further developed to include vital body parameters like Respiration Rate and Blood Pressure using appropriate sensors. Some more measures which are very significant to determine a patient’s condition like the level of diabetes can be addressed in future work. This would ensure complete remote monitoring of the patient. A graphical user interface can be developed and provided with an authentication system to allow multiple patient monitoring by the same caretaker. Although the system looks somewhat bulky, it will be a tiny device with proper manufacturing in the near future.

Conclusion

The patient healthcare system serves people by acquiring a patient’s health conditions and movement which have been analyzed based on a working algorithm using Arduino microcontroller. The Patient Healthcare Monitoring System thus developed, efficiently tracks body temperature and pulse rate of a person and detects any movement which will lead to the fall of the patient. It successfully provides reliable service of constant remote monitoring.

References

[1] D. Chen, W. Feng, Y. Zhang, X. Li and T. Wang, \"A wearable wireless fall detection system with accelerators,\" in Robotics and Biomimetic (ROBIO), 2011 IEEE International Conference on, 2011. Phuket. [2] M. de la Guia Solaz, A. Bourke, R. Conway, J. Nelson and G. OÌ.Laighin, \"Real-time low energy fall detection algorithm with a Programmable Truncated MAC,\" in Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE, 2010, Buenos Aires [3] Manisha Shelar, jayakran singh, Mukesh tiwari, “Wireless Patient Health Monitoring System”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-887) Volume 62- No.6, January 2013. [4] Z. Zhiao, Chnaowei and z. Nakdahira, \"Healthcare application based on Internet of Things\", Proc. IEET Int. ConfE. on. Technolgy. Application., pp. 661-662, Nov. 2013. [5] Healthcare survey including the networks and architecture, [online] Available: http://ieeexplore.ieeesorg/document/79179201. [6] N. El-Rashid, S. El-Sappagh, S. M. R. Islam, H. M. El-Bakry, and S. Abdelrazek, “End-to- end deep learning framework for coronavirus (COVID-19) detection and monitoring,” Electronics, vol. 9, no. 1439, pp. 1–25, 2020. [7] M. Pourhomayoun, N. Alshurafa, F. Dabiri et al., “Why do we need a remote human-health monitoring system? A study on predictive analytics for heart failure patients,” in 11th International Conference on Body Area Networks, Turin, Italy, 2016. [8] T. S. Arulananth and B. Shilpa, “Fingertip based heart beat monitoring system using embedded systems,” in Proc. International conference of Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA), pp. 227–230, Coimbatore, India, 2017 [9] https://medium.com/@chawlamahima76/heartbeat-and-body-temperature-monitoringusing- arduino-cf0a339b50f [10] http://www.theorycircuit.com/pulse-sensor-arduino/

Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Dr. Ambidi Naveena, Sai Anusha Dokka, Abhigna Nadupalli. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.