Ijraset Journal For Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology
Authors: N. Satheswaran, P. Sri Pavithra , V. Selva Prabha, S. Sugirtha
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54000
Certificate: View Certificate
The need for efficient and effective agriculture has led to the development of IoT based smart agriculture monitoring systems. This article covers Arduino, GSM modem, WiFi modem, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, water sensor, mini fan, water pump fluid, crystal oscillator, resistors, capacitors, transistors, cables and connectors, diodes, PCBs, LEDs, transformers/adapters, buttons, switches and IC sockets. The system allows real-time monitoring and control of the environment necessary for cultivation and optimization. Integrated with advanced technology, the solution enables farmers to make data-driven decisions and improve farming.
I. INTRODUCTION
Since ancient times, all countries have been engaged in agriculture. Agriculture is the science and art of growing plants. Agriculture is an important development in the rise of settled human civilization. Since ancient times, agriculture has been cultivated by hand. As the world transforms into new technologies and applications, growing with agriculture is also a necessary goal. IoT plays an important role in smart agriculture. IoT sensors can provide information about agriculture. We stand behind IoT and smart agriculture using automation. This IoT-based agricultural monitoring system uses wireless sensor networks to collect data from various sensors used in different nodes and transmit it through wireless networks. This smart farm IoT system is powered by Arduino and has temperature sensor, water meter, water meter, DC motor and GPRS module. When the IoT-based agricultural monitoring system is activated, it checks the water level, soil moisture and humidity. Sends an SMS notification to the phone about the level. The sensor knows the water level and automatically starts the pump if the water drops. If the temperature is higher than this parameter, the fan will run. All this is displayed on the LCD module. All this can be seen in IoT, which displays humidity, humidity and water level data with date and time to the minute. The temperature can be set to a certain level according to the type of crop being grown. If we want to forcefully turn off the water in the IOT, we can forcefully stop the pump with a button.
II. METHODS
A. Hardware Selection and Integration
Arduino: A widely used microcontroller platform is chosen as the central controller in an IoT-based smart agriculture monitoring system due to its versatility and ease of use in IoT projects. The Arduino platform offers several advantages that make it an ideal choice for this application:
a. Temperature Sensor: The temperature sensor measures the ambient temperature in the agricultural environment. It helps monitor temperature fluctuations, which are critical for determining ideal conditions for different crops. Based on the collection of temperature data, the system can make informed decisions regarding temperature control, such as controlling a mini exhaust fan to maintain optimal temperature levels for crop growth.
b. Humidity Sensor: The humidity sensor measures the moisture content in the air. It provides valuable information about moisture levels that are essential to understanding the moisture requirements of plants. By monitoring moisture, the system can prevent problems such as excessive moisture or dryness that can adversely affect plant health. Allows the system to initiate appropriate actions such as adjusting irrigation or activating a mini exhaust fan to regulate humidity levels.
c. Water Sensor: The water sensor measures the moisture content of the soil and indicates the availability of water in the root zone. It plays a key role in irrigation management, allowing the system to determine when and how much water should be supplied to the plants. By monitoring soil moisture, the system can automate water pump operation to ensure crops receive the optimal amount of water, preventing water shortages and over-irrigation.
The integration of temperature, humidity and water sensors provides the system with real-time data on key environmental factors that significantly affect crop growth. By constantly monitoring these parameters, the system can make data-driven decisions and trigger appropriate actions to create and maintain optimal growing conditions. This enables farmers to optimize resource use, minimize crop stress and maximize agricultural productivity. - Actuators: The system includes a mini exhaust fan and a water pump to regulate environmental parameters. A mini exhaust fan helps regulate the temperature inside the farming environment, while a water pump ensures optimum water supply to the crops.
Electronic components: Various electronic components such as crystal oscillators, resistors, capacitors, transistors, cables and connectors, diodes, PCBs, LEDs, transformer/adapter, buttons, switches and IC sockets are carefully selected and integrated into the system. These components play a critical role in circuitry, connectivity, power management, and overall system reliability.
B. Sensor Data Acquisition
Sensor data collection is a critical aspect of an IoT-based intelligent agricultural monitoring system. The Arduino board plays a central role in interfacing with temperature, humidity and water sensors for real-time data collection. The process of acquiring data from a sensor includes the following steps:
By interfacing with temperature, humidity and water sensors, the Arduino board enables real-time data collection. This data serves as the basis for informed decision-making and automated control within an intelligent agricultural monitoring system. It enables farmers to monitor and manage key environmental parameters, leading to better crop management, resource optimization and overall agricultural productivity.
C. Data Processing and Analysis
Data processing and analysis are essential steps in an IoT-based smart agriculture monitoring system. After collecting the data from the sensors, the Arduino microcontroller processes and analyzes the data using appropriate algorithms and control logic. This enables informed decision-making and optimization of resources. The data processing and analysis phase includes the following steps:
By processing and analyzing the collected data from the sensors, the Arduino microcontroller enables informed decisions to optimize resources in smart agriculture. This data-driven approach increases the system's ability to meet specific crop requirements, leading to improved crop management, resource efficiency and sustainable agricultural practices.
D. Actuator Control
Actuator control is a critical aspect of an IoT-based intelligent agricultural monitoring system. Based on the analyzed sensor data, the Arduino microcontroller sends control signals to the actuators, specifically the mini exhaust fan and the water pump. The drive control process includes the following steps:
By controlling the mini exhaust fan and the water pump, the Arduino microcontroller enables the precise setting of the environmental conditions in the smart agriculture monitoring system. This ensures that crops receive the necessary temperature, humidity and irrigation levels for healthy growth. Controller control plays a key role in optimizing crop management, resource utilization and overall agricultural productivity.
E. Integration of Electronic Components
The integration of electronic components is a crucial step in the development of an intelligent agricultural monitoring system based on the Internet of Things. Each component serves a specific purpose and contributes to the overall functionality and performance of the system. Here is an overview of the integration process:
a. Functional Tests: Various functional tests are performed to verify that each component and subsystem of the system is working properly. For example, temperature, humidity and water sensors are tested to ensure they provide accurate readings. The mini exhaust fan and water pump are tested for proper activation and operation. The Arduino microcontroller is tested for data collection and actuator control.
b. Performance Evaluation: Performance evaluation tests evaluate the overall performance and functionality of the system under various operating conditions. The system is tested in order to determine the response time, the accuracy of the measured values ??of the sensors and the reliability of the control of the actuator. Performance metrics are defined and system performance is measured against these metrics to ensure that it meets the desired specifications.
c. Calibration: Calibration is an important step to ensure the accuracy and reliability of sensor readings. Calibration procedures are performed to adjust sensor measurements and compensate for any inherent biases or inaccuracies. This step ensures that the data collected is reliable and provides an accurate representation of environmental conditions.
d. System Integration: Testing and validation also includes verifying proper integration of components. Wiring, circuit layout and interconnections are checked and tested for proper connectivity and signal integrity. This step helps identify and resolve any issues related to incorrect connections, faulty components, or compatibility issues.
e. End-to-End testing: The entire system is tested in a real environment to simulate its intended operation. This includes monitoring and controlling environmental parameters, receiving and processing data from sensors, and activating actuators based on data analysis. End-to-end testing ensures that the system works smoothly and reliably as a complete solution. Thorough testing and verification helps identify and resolve any problems or deficiencies in system design or implementation. By ensuring proper integration, reliable operation, and efficient power management, an IoT-based intelligent agriculture monitoring system can effectively monitor and control agricultural parameters, leading to better crop management and optimized resource utilization.
F. System Testing and Calibration
System testing and calibration play a vital role in ensuring the functionality and performance of an integrated smart agriculture monitoring system. Here are some key aspects of system testing and calibration:
1. Sensor testing and calibration: Sensors used in the system, such as temperature, humidity and water sensors, are tested for accuracy and reliability. Calibration procedures are performed to calibrate the sensor readings and eliminate any inherent biases or inaccuracies.
This ensures that the data collected is accurate and provides an accurate representation of environmental conditions.
Actuator Testing: Actuators in the system, such as the mini exhaust fan and water pump, are tested for responsiveness and reliability. Control signals from the Arduino microcontroller are sent to the actuators and their activation and deactivation is verified. This testing ensures that the actuators are working properly and can effectively regulate environmental conditions.
Communication testing: Communication between components such as Arduino, GSM modem and WiFi modem is tested to ensure proper data exchange and connectivity.
This includes verifying the transmission and reception of data, checking the compatibility of communication protocols, and assessing the system's ability to send notifications or alerts in real time.
Performance Evaluation: The overall performance of the system is evaluated to assess its responsiveness, accuracy, and reliability. Performance metrics are defined and system performance is measured using these metrics. This assessment helps identify any performance issues and allows for optimization and improvements to increase system efficiency and effectiveness.
Environment simulation: The system is tested in real scenarios to simulate different environmental conditions and evaluate its performance in different situations.
This involves exposing the system to various temperature, humidity and water level scenarios and observing its response and accuracy in capturing and controlling these parameters.
By performing thorough system testing and calibration, any problems or deficiencies in functionality, communication, or performance can be identified and resolved. This ensures that the smart agriculture monitoring system works reliably and accurately, providing valuable data to optimize crop management and resource use. By utilizing these methods, an IoT-based smart agriculture system efficiently collects sensor data, processes information, and controls controllers to maintain optimal environmental conditions for crop growth.
Careful selection and integration of electronic components contributes to efficiency, reliability and overall system performance in support of precision agriculture practices.
III. WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY
In addition to local monitoring and control capabilities, the IoT-based smart agriculture monitoring system includes wireless capabilities for remote access and real-time alerts. The system integrates both a GSM modem and a WiFi modem and offers various communication methods for better availability and timely decision-making.
A. GSM Modem
The inclusion of a GSM modem allows the system to send SMS alerts to farmers or relevant stakeholders. Real-time updates and alerts can be streamed directly to their mobile devices, providing immediate information on environmental conditions or system failures. This feature allows farmers to stay informed of critical events such as sudden changes in temperature, humidity or water level that may require their attention or intervention.
B. WiFi Modem
The integration of a WiFi modem allows the intelligent agricultural monitoring system to connect to the Internet, allowing remote access and control. Through a web interface or a dedicated mobile app, farmers can securely monitor and manage their farming environment from anywhere with an internet connection. This remote accessibility increases convenience and flexibility, allowing farmers to make timely decisions based on real-time data collected by the system.
With wireless capability, the Smart Agriculture Monitoring System overcomes the limitations of physical proximity and allows farmers to stay connected to their fields at all times. They can receive important alerts, access real-time data and remotely control the system to optimize crop management.
Whether they are on-site or off-site, this wireless connection ensures that farmers have the information and control they need to quickly respond to changing environmental conditions or address any issues that may arise
The combination of GSM modem and WiFi modem in the system design offers a versatile communication infrastructure. While the GSM modem ensures reliable communication through SMS notifications, the WiFi modem provides wider options through an Internet connection.
Farmers can choose the communication method that best suits their preferences and requirements, providing flexibility in accessing and managing the intelligent agricultural monitoring system.
Overall, the wireless connectivity capabilities integrated into an IoT-based intelligent agricultural monitoring system significantly increase accessibility, real-time monitoring, and remote control. This enables farmers to make informed decisions, take proactive measures and optimize their farming practices based on accurate and up-to-date information.
IV. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
The hardware implementation of a smart farming monitoring system is a crucial aspect that ensures proper integration and functioning of the relevant components. This section provides detailed information on the design aspects, circuit layout, and power management mechanisms used in the system to achieve optimal performance and reliability.
A. Design Considerations
Selection of suitable components: The post outlines a careful selection of components such as Arduino, GSM modem, WiFi modem, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, water sensor, mini fan, water pump, crystal oscillator, resistors, capacitors, transistors, cables and connectors, diodes, PCB, LED, transformer/adapter, buttons, switches and IC sockets. Each component is selected based on its compatibility, functionality and suitability for an intelligent agricultural monitoring system.
Integration and interconnection: The article describes how selected components are integrated into the system and interconnected to ensure proper communication and data exchange. Component placement and wiring are carefully considered to optimize system efficiency and reliability.
B. Circuit Arrangement
Circuit layout is a crucial aspect of hardware implementation. The post provides an overview of the layout and placement of components on a PCB (Printed Circuit Board). It discusses layout design aspects such as minimizing signal interference, reducing power losses and ensuring proper heat dissipation.
The paper may also include schematic diagrams or illustrations that visually show the circuit layout, component locations, and connections.
C. Consumption Management
Effective power management is essential to ensure reliable operation of an intelligent agricultural monitoring system. The article discusses the power requirements of each component and the strategies used to effectively manage power consumption.
May detail the use of transformers/adapters to provide required voltage levels, the use of capacitors and other components for voltage regulation and noise suppression, and any energy saving techniques implemented to optimize energy use.
D. Testing and Verification
The hardware implementation undergoes rigorous testing and validation to verify its functionality, performance and reliability. The paper may discuss the testing methodologies used, such as functional testing, performance testing, and stress testing, to ensure that the system meets the required specifications.
It may also include experimental results and analysis to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the hardware implementation.
By providing detailed information on hardware implementation, including design considerations, circuit layout, power management, and testing, the article offers insight into the technical aspects of a smart agriculture monitoring system. This information helps readers understand the design, functionality and reliability of the system and contributes to the overall understanding and evaluation of the proposed solution.
V. BLOCK DIAGRAM
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Field Tests and Data Collection
B. Accuracy and Reliability of Measurements
C. Deviation from Pre-defined threshold Values
D. Real-time Monitoring and Alerts
E. Control and Regulation of Environmental Parameters
F. Impact on Crop Management
G. Reliability and Performance Rating
H. Total Agricultural Productivity
The results and discussion section provides a comprehensive evaluation of an IoT-based smart agriculture monitoring system and shows its effectiveness in monitoring and controlling key environmental parameters. It highlights the impact of the system on crop management, resource optimization and overall agricultural productivity and provides valuable insights for researchers, farmers and stakeholders in the agricultural sector.
As a result, the IoT-based smart agriculture monitoring application proves to be very useful in solving the problems of contemporary agriculture. By integrating Arduino, GSM modem, WiFi modem and various sensors and actuators, the system provides a solution for real-time monitoring, automatic control and remote access to the agricultural field. The system provides critical environmental monitoring by collecting a analysis of data from temperature, humidity and water sensors. This data-driven approach ultimately improves crop management by enabling farmers to make informed decisions about planting, fertilization and other crop management practices. System automation is supported by various Arduino microcontroller platforms that can control small fans and water pumps based on sensor data. This ensures good environmental stability, promotes healthy crops and reduces resource wastage. In addition, the combination of GSM modem and WiFi modem ensures trouble-free and remote communication. Farmers can receive real-time updates and SMS alerts for important events or malfunctions. The web interface supports remote monitoring and allows farmers to manage their crops from anywhere. The IoT-based smart agriculture monitoring concept has the potential to increase productivity and support the transition to precision agriculture. The system contributes to the development of a better agricultural and ecological sector by improving the use of resources, improving crop management and promoting sustainable agriculture. With the continuous advancement of technology, the system can be further developed and supplemented. Future research may focus on integrating machine learning algorithms for advanced data analysis, including additional sensors for environmental monitoring, and exploring the use of data, statistical and predictive modeling to improve crop management. In conclusion, the IoT-based intelligent agricultural monitoring system proposed in this paper holds great promise for today\\\'s agricultural applications. It integrates Arduino, GSM modem, WiFi modem and various sensors and actuators to provide real-time monitoring, automatic control and remote access for better crop management, resource efficiency and sustainable agricultural development. The system has the potential to transform the agricultural industry and support the transition to precision agriculture for better productivity and environmental protection.
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Copyright © 2023 N. Satheswaran, P. Sri Pavithra , V. Selva Prabha, S. Sugirtha. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Paper Id : IJRASET54000
Publish Date : 2023-06-12
ISSN : 2321-9653
Publisher Name : IJRASET
DOI Link : Click Here