IoT based Substation Monitoring and Control

Abstract

The Smart Voltage and Current Monitoring System (SVCMS) approach is utilized in this undertaking. It shows a solitary stage electrical design that uses voltage and flow from the sensor by means of a microcontroller and afterward remotely conveys the expected information to the outcomes screen through another PC. It is vital to utilize the Internet of Things (IoT) to upgrade the idea of the power with substation observing and control discretionary change. Accordingly, it is basic to have a perception framework that can distinguish and channel. The Arduino Uno is utilized as a microcontroller in the coordinated Smart Voltage and Current Monitoring System (SVCMS) set up to ascertain the voltage and current sensor results. It then sends this data, after assessment, to the end client\'s PC contraption utilizing the IoT module. The Arduino Uno controller and IoT modules are a microcontroller and far off devices, separately. In light of the heap got by the electrical machines in the event that the heap is high, the power conveyed is to be limited or the power must be closed down. In the olden days there should be a one person at the substation to look for a faults if anything occurred and now due to the increase in the tremendous technology there are many new technologies introduced into the life cycle of the of the human beings. In that one of the technology that helps to reduce the efforts of the human beings is Internet of Things(IoT) that uses the Wi-Fi module that helps to connect the hardware and the software. The data collected will be shared to the ThingSpeak platform and it will displayed by using the graphs for each parameter different bar graphs are used.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Power is a helpful and very advantageous type of energy. It plays an always expanding job in our industrialized entrepreneur society. The power frameworks are firmly non-straight, incredibly enormous, and dynamic organizations. Such electric power frameworks are brought together for practical advantages, expanded unwavering quality, and functional advantages. Parts like generators, pipes, transformers, burdens, switches, and compensators are utilized in a power organization. Nonetheless, the overall plan of present day power frameworks is a generally conveyed energy source and charges

Many miles of the power created at the primary stations are moved utilizing transmission lines until they enter the substations. Fully backed up by chip and regulators for ceaseless observing of test fixations, the activities of experts at various time stretches, checking of voltage, current, and temperature varieties in dispersion transformers at substations, a few works have been completed throughout recent years. Because of the expansion in temperature at the dissemination transformers, the current and voltage levels at the substations can shift radically. The norm of force provided to the client can be deficient along these lines.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

A framework depends on dependably demonstrated electronic innovation to measure temperature and current and the correspondence media they utilized was optical strands. Life expectancy and upkeep cost of the wired media is more than remote media. One more framework depends on RF innovation. RF innovation incorporates a ton of commotion issues when there is a significant distance correspondence. Another framework depends on GSM innovation in which an SMS can be shipped off the approved individual if the boundaries surpass limit esteem .But it tracked down that introducing GSM modem at every single substation builds the expense and intricacy of the framework. Another framework involves a new integrated monitoring system for a high voltage electric power substation system. The substation has a crucial function to maintain reliability and to keep the quality of an electric power transmission system. On the other hand, exposure to a high voltage environment may also be able to cause risk to human health. All the substation devices conditions are displayed and integrated into Graphical User Interface (GUI) developed using LabVIEW software. The developed display contains several windows and said window display. As a result, the parameters of the substation devices such as frequency, voltage, load impedance, reluctance, oil level, temperature, cooling condition, power, and protection system are successfully displayed and monitored.

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

The reason behind this endeavor is to get the obscure electrical boundaries like Voltage, Current, and Temperature and send these continuous characteristics over IOT-based checking and control with the temperature at the power station. This adventure is also planned to guarantee the electrical equipment by working an Electromagnetic Relay. This Relay gets sanctioned whenever the electrical boundaries outperform the predefined regards on the off chance that the noticed levels cross the predefined levels of the flow esteems, the over-burden exchanging occurs and the other burden gets on condition. The Relay can be used to run a Circuit Breaker to switch off the key electrical stockpile. The client can send orders as IOT to examine the distant electrical boundaries as shown in figure 1.

The flow structure screens the three-stage electrical construction involving the stage as a microcontroller to utilize the voltage and flow from the sensor. It then, at that point, purposefully sends the outcomes to the screen remotely utilizing another Android application.

The included arrangement involves Arduino Uno as a microcontroller to affirm voltage and current sensors. It then sends this data, after assessment, to the end client's Android wireless device utilizing the ESP8266 wifi module. IoT can switch off the transformer to avoid harm, and the presentation can be unobtrusively moved up to a huge level. Observing and controlling the substation utilizing the IoT framework depends on different sensors to decide the particular electrical cutoff points. The sensors incorporate an ongoing sensor, an AC voltage sensor, and a temperature sensor. Every sensor is communicated with an Arduino microcontroller. The result of a few sensors is sent from the microcontroller, which sends the ongoing potential gain of a few related limits to show on the point of interaction LCD on the microcontroller.

Therefore, the perception and control of this IoT- based substation is an immediate and insignificant expense sort of framework. With this framework, the client can deal with the equipment of the substation in view of the microcontroller that screens and controls the voltage, current, recurrence, and oil temperature present in the substation. The tried item will be displayed on the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD).

A fundamental temperature sensor is a device, and it needs a Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) to decide the temperature by electrical Signal. The thermocouple is introduced by two unique metals that make a direct electrical voltage to change the temperature. RTD is a variable resistor, and it can unequivocally and straightforwardly adjust electrical assurance from changes in temperature by suggestion. The temperature sensor gauge is about the hotness or cooling of the article. The functioning base of the sensors is the voltage that passes around the diode. Accepting the voltage is framed, the temperature climbs, and there is a voltage drop between the base and the maker's semiconductor terminals, the sensor records them. In case the voltage contrast is expanded, a basic sign of the device is produced and compares straightforwardly to the temperature.

A flow sensor is a gadget that identifies an electric flow in a wire and makes a tantamount sign with it. Assuming the cost of the transformer is checked, the converse development of the transformer is sent from the deliberate information rating to the regulator. It is cautioned the conveyance sign can be essential voltage or current or even moderate result. Instrumental substations in the metropolitan, country, and mechanical areas are getting looked at. Surveying sensors are acknowledged to quantify, screen, and recognize alternate ways or earth defects and select their course.

A. About Block Diagram

For the construction of this project, there are various components are used such as Temperature and Humidity Sensor, Voltage Sensor, Current Sensor these are used to calculate the electrical parameters over the IoT platform using the Wi-Fi Module. Relay is used for switching between the two loads. The ThingSpeak platform is used to observe the parameters on the PC and the ThingView platform is used to observe the parameters over the mobile. Two different loads are used the values of loads are 200W,60W Incandescent bulbs that helps to observe the switching action.

B. Working Principle

The IoT Based Substation Monitoring and Controlling framework depend on various kinds of sensors to quantify the different electrical boundaries. The sensors incorporate ACS712 current sensor, AC voltage sensor, DHT11 (computerized dampness and temperature) sensor, and recurrence sensor. Every one of the sensors is communicated with the microcontroller, and the result of the relative multitude of sensors is shipped off the microcontroller which sends the constant upsides of the multitude of boundaries to show on the LCD interacted with the microcontroller.

The framework is worked on 220v AC, an ongoing sensor is associated in series with the mainline to quantify how much absolute current consumed.

A voltage sensor is associated in corresponding with the mainline to gauge the quantity of all out voltages streaming all through the framework. To gauge the dampness and temperature inside the substation a DHT11 is utilized, which works on 5V DC. Every one of the sensors comprise of semiconductor gadgets (semiconductors) that need a VCC (5V DC) to turn on, so a buck converter is utilized to give VCC to every one of the sensors.

The result of the relative multitude of sensors is associated with the microcontroller and the microcontroller sends this worth to show on LCD in a sequential manner. The microcontroller is customized and interacted with an ESP module (a Wi-Fi module). The ESP module is associated with the frameworks which get the information, the continuous worth of every single electrical edge, from the microcontroller, and sends this worth through the web to the cell phone or PC associated with a similar organization. It additionally gets control orders from the gadget and communicates them to the microcontrollers which choose the activity to do w.r.t the orders and the microcontroller then executes these orders by exchanging the ON\OFF the transfers, which control the heap.

IV. RESULTS

For the construction of the model, the components such as Arduino Uno, ESP8266 WiFi Module, LCD Screen, and different types of sensors are used. Figure 2 shows the connection of all the components on the board that is used to develop this project. The power to the Arduino Uno has to give by using either the laptop or power bank. In this project, the two Incandescent Bulbs as the loads and the electrical parameters passing through these loads have been calculated in this project.

Figure 3 shows after the power supply is given to the equipment when the power supply is given the components on the board get on except for the loads because when coming to the loads the 220V AC supply is given to prove the overload switching concept.

When the power supply is given then the ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module gets connected to the mobile hotspot and using this the data collected by the sensors is updated over the Internet of Things and displayed in their portal. Figure 4 shows the information collected by the sensors in the LCD screen and in the IoT platform and all the sensors start collecting the data. When comes to figure 5 it shows the concept of overload switching when the first load takes the current when compared to the threshold current then the switching happens to the other load basically load 1 is higher when compared to load 2. When the same value loads are taken in the equipment as the current value doesn’t exceeds the threshold the overload switching doesn’t takes place.

Coming to the ThingSpeak platform the field charts are used for visualizing the data over the internet. Five field charts were used and each chart contains two axes on the x-axis the respective parameter has been taken and on the y-axis the date has been taken. Figure 6 shows the ThingSpeak platform page and how the data has been shown on the computer. Visualizing the same data can be done over the android mobile phones by using the Thingview application for accessing the data over the mobile the API private key has to be given over the mobile application and channel ID.

V. FUTURE SCOPE

A. Addition of GSM Module

By joining the GSM module, they will actually want to send Personalized SMS to the specialists so they can still need to be refreshed about the plant while outside. What's more, the microcontroller is customized so that a specific configuration of SMS is sent which can be utilized as a contribution for the microcontroller for the necessary activity.

B. Addition of Wireless Camera

Introducing the remote cameras anywhere nearby of the substation switchyard; will have the option to screen the substation in a superior manner outwardly. This specific would be truly useful for observing transformers more often than not they are sent in scattered areas.

C. Development of GUI

The window show is created utilizing Graphical User Interface (GUI). The gadgets and their boundaries, for example, recurrence, voltage, load impedance, hesitance, oil level, temperature, cooling condition, and power can be checked and coordinated into a displayer. This strategy assists the administrator with checking progressively the state of every gadget without any problem. Besides, on account of any disappointment, the administrator will be recognized promptly that a particular gadget is encountering some trouble or disappointment. The power outage condition can be forestalled and congruity of force supply will be ensured.

Conclusion

Observing means obtaining critical boundaries from the resources of interest. The acquired data is feasible to be used for analyses and diagnosing the condition of the assets which is of great use for maintenance scheduling, failure management, and controlling system and this method minimizes time contact between humans and high voltage devices. As it is known, most substation gadgets have high voltage and produce electromagnetic that can hurt human wellbeing. This proposed framework is uniquely intended for checking the state of substations which are sent at scattered areas There are numerous boundaries to be measured and observed occasionally It is very expensive and challenging to screen the boundaries by naming an individual at all areas and besides the information would likewise be blunder inclined assuming that the observing is manual. The greatest issue is to have all the data at a single sink when the data is collected manually. Through our proposed system all the problems discussed above can be reduced to some great extent.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Dr. K. Sri Lakshmi, Guddanti Ganesh, Kapavarapu Jagadhish, Garikapati Seeta Ram, Kanna Vamsi Krishna. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.