Experimental Study of Mechanical Behaviour of an RC Concrete Prepared Using M-Sand along with Chemical Admixtures

Abstract

Concrete plays a predominant role in the construction industry and a large quantum of sand is being utilized for various construction of structure. River sand has become expensive due to excessive cost of transportation from natural sources. Also, large- scale depletion of these sources creates environmental problems. So as to overcome, M- Sand can be an economic alternative to the river sand with respect to its availability, cost and environmental impact M-sand a by-product from the stone crushing unit which is released directly into environment can cause environmental pollution. And can be defined as residue, tailing or other non-voluble waste material after the extraction and processing of rocks to form fine particles. Recycling is the key component of modern waste management system and it reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reducing the need for conventional waste disposal and to lower greenhouse gas emission. To investigate the mechanical properties as compressive strength “Cubes” of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm are prepared, the Split tensile strength “cylinder” of size 750mm x 150 mm x 150 mm and also load deflection of beam and column are prepared and investigation should be carried out at a regular interval of 7,14 and 28 days. And also, the dynamic behavior is also studied. This present work is an attempt to use M-sand as a replacement (25%, 50%, 75% & 100%) for River Sand in M-30 Grade concrete mix.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Concrete is the most widely used construction material today. The constituents of concrete are coarse aggregate, fine aggregate binding material and water. The mixture of the materials results in a chemical reaction called hydration and a change in the mixture from plastic to a solid state occurs over a period of time. Rapid increase in construction activities leads to acute shortage of conventional construction materials. It is conventional that sand is being used as fine aggregate in concrete. For the past some years, the escalation in cost of sand and availability due to administrative restrictions in India. Some alternative materials have already been used as a part of natural sand. For example, fly ash, slag, limestone and siliceous stone powder were used in concrete mixtures as a partial replacement of natural sand. Similarly, quarry waste fine aggregate could be an alternative to natural sand. It is a by-product generated from quarrying activities involved in the production of crushed coarse aggregates. Quarry waste fine aggregate, which is generally considered as a waste material, causes an environmental load due to disposal problem. Hence, the use of quarry waste fine aggregate in concrete mixtures will reduce not only the demand for natural sand but also the environmental burden. The successful utilization of M-sand as fine aggregate would turn this waste material that causes disposal problem into a valuable resource. The utilization will also reduce the strain on supply of natural fine aggregate, which will also reduce the cost of concrete. For questions on paper guidelines, please contact us via e-mail.

II. ADMIXTURES USED

A. Chemical Admixtues

Chemical admixtures reduce the cost of construction, modify properties of hardened concrete, ensure quality of concrete mixing/transporting/placing/curing, and overcome certain emergencies during concrete operations. Chemical admixtures are used to improve the quality of concrete during mixing, transporting, placement and curing. Superplasticizers are well known chemical admixtures for concrete used in the reduction of water to cement ratio without affecting workability, and to avoid particle aggregation in the concrete mixture. These are also known as high range water reducers (HRWR), fluidifiers, and dispersants as these are capable of reducing water to cement ratio by 40.0%.

These chemical admixtures are added in the concrete just before the concrete is placed. These admixtures help to improve strength and flow characteristics of the concrete. Flow characteristics and slump of concrete varies with type, dosage, and time of addition of concrete superplasticizer. Superplasticizers can be classified into four types such as,

1. Sulfonated melamine-formaldehyde condensates (SMF),
2. Sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensates (SNF),
3. Modified lignosulfonates (MLS), and
4. Polycarboxylate derivatives (PC).

B. Sulfonated Naphthalene-Formaldehyde Condensates (SNF)

Naphthalene Sulfonate formaldehyde (Powder & Liquid - 40%, 43% conplast sp430) condensate. Its high purity makes cement particles with high dispersancy, low foaming, high range water reducing and obvious strengthening so that we can get advantages of accelerating project mould turnover and construction speed, and also saving cement, improving cement mobility and workability. NSF is a high range concrete admixture of concrete cast-in-place, prefabricating, pump and curing.

C. Polycarboxylate Derivatives (PC).
Polycarboxylate Ether (Pce-50 % ,Pce 40% & Pce Powder) (High Dispersion– D-50) is a new generation of high performance polymer ,It is a neutral concentrate grade, Polycarboxylate ether (PCE) as a new generation of environmental friendly is mainly used as a major ingredient to produce a high performance water reducers or plasticizers for the following applications hydraulic ,port ,bridge ,railway ,tunnels and highway ,industrial or civil construction, municipal engineering ,water conservancy ,electric power engineering ,road ,metro, etc.

VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to thank the Almighty God for giving me the power to believe in myself and achieve my goals. I sincerely remit my due respect to my project guide Mr. N. Gokulnath, M.E., Assistant Professor in Civil Engineering for his encouragement and guidance throughout the project. I extend my sincere thanks to all faculty members, non-teaching staff and my friends for their help and support in completing this project work.

Conclusion

Concrete acquires maximum increase in compressive strength at 60 % sand replacement by quarry dust. When compared with chemical admixture with SP (PC) and SP (SNF) respectively, the amount of increase in strength is 23.76 and 22.13 for M20.Split tensile strength is maximum at 60 % replacement of natural sand by quarry dust, chemical admixture with SP (PC) and SP (SNF) respectively. The percentage of increase with control concrete is 4.69 and4.69 for M20. Maximum flexural strength of RCC beam is obtained at 60% sand replacement by quarry dust. The derivation gives clear picture that quarry dust can be utilized in concrete mixture as a quality substitute instead of river sand to a high strength at 60% replacement. When the conventional fine aggregate is completely replaced with quarry dust along with 1 % dosage of super plasticizer increase in the strength. It was observed that the slump value increases with increase in percentage replacement of sand with quarry dust with SP (PC) than SP (SNF). Due to flaky particles shape and higher percentage of fines, concrete does not give adequate workability and the concrete tends to segregate. It was known that the density of concrete increases with increase in percentage of dust content. As expected, the compressive strength increases with increase in density of concrete.

References

[1] Balamurugan. G and Perumal.P (2013), ‘Use of Quarry Dust to Replace Sand in Concrete –An Experimental Study’, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2013 1 ISSN 2250-3153. [2] Ilangovana.V , Mahendran.N and Nagamanib.K (2008), ‘Strength and Durability Properties of Concrete containing Quarry Rock Dust as Fine Aggregate’, Vol. 3, No. 5, October 2008 ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. [3] Joseph.O.Ukpata, Maurice.E.Ephraim and Godwin.A.Akeke (2012) , ‘Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Lateritic Sand and Quarry Dust as Fine Aggregate’ , ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Vol. 7, No. 1, January 2012. [4] Lohani T.K, Padhi. M, Dash K.P and Jena S (2012), ‘Optimum Utilization of Quarry Dust as Partial Replacement of Sand in Concrete’, Int. Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering Research, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2012. [5] Manguriu, Karugu.C.K., Oyawa.W.O, Abuodha.S.O. and Mulu.P.U (2013), ‘Partial Replacement of Natural River Sand with Crushed Rock Sand in Concrete Production’, Global Engineers & Technologists Review, Vol.3 No.4 . [6] Md. Safiuddin, Raman. S.N. and Zain. M.F.M (2007), ‘Utilization of Quarry Waste Fine Aggregate in Concrete Mixtures’, Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3(3): 202-208 © 2007, INSI net Publication. [7] Perumal.P and Balamurugan.G (2013) , ‘Behaviour of Concrete on the Use of Quarry Dust to Replace Sand – An Experimental Study’, IRACST – Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal Vol. 3, No. 6 . [8] Priyadharshini.V and Krishnamoorthi.A (2014), ‘High Performance Concrete using Quarry Dust as Fine Aggregate’,International Journal of Advanced Research in Civil, Structural, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering and Developing, Volume: 2 Issue: 2 01-jun-2014. [9] Subbulakshmi. T and Vidivelli. B (2014), ‘Mechanical Properties of High Performance Concrete in Corporating with Quarry Wastes’, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-3 Issue-6, August 2014. [10] Venkata sairam kumar. N, Panduranga rao.B and krishna sai M.L.N (2013) , ‘experimental study on partial replacement of cement with quarry dust’ , International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, Vol. ii/ Issue iii/April-June,2013/136-137. [11] Shahul hameed. M and Sekar A. S. S (2009), ‘Properties of Green Concrete Containing Quarry Rock Dust and Marble Sludge Powder as Fine Aggregate’, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 4, June 2009 ISSN 1819-6608. [12] Raman.S.N, Md. Safiuddinb and Zain. M.F.M (2007),’Non-Destructive Evaluation of Flowing Concretes incorporating Quarry Waste’, Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (building and housing) Vol. 8, No. 6 (2007) Pages 597-614.

Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Thirumoorthy V, Gokulnath N, Elaiyarasu S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.