Mechatronics-Based Advance Traffic Control System

Abstract

This paper presents an advanced traffic control system that uses mechatronics principles combining mechanical and electrical components for precise control, a multi-component system capable of generating electricity, traffic barrier switching, stop signal using violation and real-time traffic signal matching and solving a variety of traffic management challenges The mechatronic structure of the system includes sensors, actuators and control algorithms for monitoring and controlling traffic. It has a unique electrical system that harvests energy from passing vehicles to power the system itself and other traffic. The system also incorporates a new type of barrier reversal mechanism that can safely divert vehicles out of the roadblock. Intuitively compatible with traffic signal systems, the system dynamically changes timing to activate real-world barriers and allow vehicles to maneuver on red lights well

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

In cities, traffic congestion is a big issue that leads to severe delays, air pollution, and fuel use. The use of advanced traffic control systems (ATCS) to ease congestion and enhance traffic flow is growing. Nevertheless, the majority of ATCS are just capable of controlling traffic signals, with little more functionality. In order to handle a larger range of traffic management difficulties, this research article offers a revolutionary ATCS that makes use of electricity generation, mechatronics concepts, and Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities.

With the help of a variety of mechanical and electronic components, the suggested system can precisely control traffic flow. It can also generate electricity from passing cars to power the system and other traffic infrastructure. Reversing a car's obstruction within a single lane in order to reduce traffic and boost security syncing with intelligence

II. FEATURES

A. Mechatronic Design

The mechatronic design of the system makes use of actuators, sensors, and control algorithms to monitor and manage traffic flow. The position, direction, and speed of the vehicle are all recorded via sensors. Actuators manage the movement of traffic by controlling barriers, traffic lights, and other equipment. After processing sensor data, control algorithms provide actuator commands.
B. Production of Electricity

Through the use of solar panels, kinetic energy recovery systems, and piezoelectric generators, the system's electricity producing system captures energy from passing automobiles. The system itself, as well as additional traffic infrastructure like lamps and traffic cameras, are powered by the energy that is captured.

C. Reversing Vehicle Obstruction

The vehicle obstruction reversal mechanism of the system securely reroutes vehicles out of a blocked lane by combining actuators, sensors, and control algorithms.

Vehicles in the obstructed lane are detected by sensors, which also pinpoint the obstruction's source. Vehicles are redirected around obstructions by means of traffic lights and barriers controlled by actuators. Control algorithms make sure that vehicles are steered safely by coordinating the actions of the actuators and sensors.

D. Traffic Signal Harmonization

To reduce stop signal infractions, the technology cleverly synchronizes with traffic signal patterns. The technology predicts traffic flow and modifies signal timing based on data from cameras and traffic sensors. Physical barriers are another tool used by the system to stop cars from turning right turns on red lights.

E. IoT Capabilities

The IoT features of the system allow for flexible configurations and real-time data collection. Numerous sources, including cameras, social media feeds, and traffic sensors, are available for the system to get data from. In addition to identifying events and traffic, this data can be utilized to coordinate with other transportation infrastructure and enhance the timing of traffic signals. Configurations of the system can be changed to meet particular traffic management needs, such as those arising from construction projects or special events.

III. RISKS AND CHALLENGES

Advanced traffic control systems (ATCS) and automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) systems are promising technologies for improving traffic flow and safety. However, there are a number of risks and challenges associated with these systems, including:

A. Cost

ATCS and ANPR systems can be expensive to install and maintain. This is because they require a variety of sensors, actuators, and software. Additionally, ATCS and ANPR systems need to be integrated with existing traffic infrastructure, which can be costly.

B. Complexity

ATCS and ANPR systems are complex systems that require careful design and implementation. ATCS systems need to be able to monitor and regulate traffic flow in real-time, and they need to be able to adapt to changing traffic conditions. ANPR systems need to be able to accurately recognize license plates in a variety of conditions, including low light and poor weather.

C. Reliability

ATCS and ANPR systems need to be highly reliable in order to avoid disrupting traffic flow. If an ATCS or ANPR system fails, it could cause congestion and accidents. To ensure reliability, ATCS and ANPR systems typically have redundant components and backup systems.

D. Security

ATCS and ANPR systems are vulnerable to cyberattacks. Cyberattacks on ATCS or ANPR systems could disrupt traffic flow, cause accidents, or even steal sensitive data. To protect against cyberattacks, ATCS and ANPR systems typically have security measures in place, such as encryption and firewalls.

E. Privacy

ATCS and ANPR systems collect a lot of data about vehicles and drivers. This data can be used to improve traffic flow, but it also raises privacy concerns. It is important to ensure that ATCS and ANPR systems only collect the data that is necessary to improve traffic flow and that the data is stored securely

IV. DIAGRAM

V. LITERATURE SURVEY

A. Intelligent Traffic Management System

Many cities in India and around the world suffer from traffic congestion as a result of ineffective traffic management, inadequate enforcement, and malfunctioning traffic signals. Indian cities' inability to develop their current infrastructure necessitates concentrating on enhancing traffic control. The necessity for practical solutions is highlighted by the detrimental effects of traffic on the environment, economy, and general quality of life. Intelligent traffic management has been implemented using a variety of techniques, including wireless sensor networks, infrared sensors, and video data processing. These approaches do, however, have drawbacks, including lengthy and expensive installation. RFID technology is being introduced as a timely and affordable solution to address this. RFID technology reduces installation time by enabling real-time intelligent traffic management when combined with current signaling systems. and expenses. It is anticipated that the use of RFID will lessen traffic congestion by facilitating the early identification of bottlenecks, prompt preventive actions, and time and cost savings for drivers.

1. Issues Found

a. Indian Cities are Confronted with Limitations Concerning Infrastructure: Effective traffic control must be the main focus of any limited scalable infrastructure.

b. Existing Traffic control Techniques: While effective, traditional traffic control techniques including wireless sensor networks, infrared sensors, and video data processing have been beset by expensive installation costs and drawn-out deployment schedules.
2. Solution Recommendation Based on Literature

As a novel strategy for intelligent traffic management, the study suggests incorporating Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology into currently in use signaling systems. In addition to attempting to address the issues noted, this solution has the following benefits:

a. Shorter Installation Time and Cost: RFID technology is marketed as a time- and money-efficient replacement for conventional techniques, reducing the administrative and financial strains involved in deployment.

b. Real-time Traffic Management: The research proposes a real-time traffic management solution that can effectively handle congestion concerns, detect bottlenecks early, and launch timely preventive measures by coupling RFID with the current signaling system.

c. Better Driving Experience: By enabling early congestion monitoring, the deployment of RFID technology is anticipated to improve drivers' time and financial experiences while driving.

B. Hydraulic Speed Breaker Power Generator

It is common knowledge that cars frequently drive at high speeds on roadways, which is a contributing factor to many accidents. On roads and highways, speed breakers are frequently erected as a solution to this problem. Nevertheless, there is a large energy waste associated with this method. Although there are models now in use for producing power from speed breakers, they frequently aren't able to supply enough power for certain needs. This work aims to solve the shortcomings of earlier complex and inefficient methods by introducing a new and more efficient power generating technique. The suggested concept exhibits improved efficiency by combining a crank lever mechanism with a hydraulic press. It is emphasized that this novel strategy can accomplish particular goals and has the capacity to produce enough electricity.to meet the needs of a small village. The focus of the paper is on presenting a novel and efficient method for energy generation.

1. Issues Found

a. Inefficiency of Previous Models: Prior models of speed breakers used for power generation were thought to be complex and inefficient, with limited capacity to provide enough power for particular uses.

b. Energy Waste: Using speed breakers to generate electricity results in energy waste, which reduces the usefulness and efficiency of the device.

2. Solution recommendation based on literature:

The study presents a brand-new method of producing power by combining a crank lever and a hydraulic press. It is emphasized that this method is more effective, can serve particular functions, and could provide enough electricity to power a small settlement.

Evaluation in relation to Advanced Traffic Control Systems (ATCS): Although the research focuses on speed breakers as a source of power, it doesn't directly address the more general problems associated with traffic congestion. On the other hand, the advanced traffic control systems (ATCS) discussed in the second section offer a holistic solution that addresses different traffic management difficulties by merging mechatronics, electricity generation, and IoT capabilities.

D. Advanced Traffic Management System Using Automatic Number Plate Recognition System    

Widespread automobile use in the modern era is essential to human progress, but it also presents problems including rising traffic and criminal activity. An automated method is suggested for effective traffic control in order to overcome these problems. A system that uses videos gathers information on different kinds of vehicles in different kinds of traffic. An Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) system uses image processing to identify plate regions, detect characters, and identify vehicle types using a convolutional neural network (CNN) in order to battle phony number plates. In order to identify phony numbers, extracted data is cross-verified with the RTO database, which sends notifications to the police headquarters. The traffic control and security are improved by this integrated system.

1. Issues Found

a. Crimes Associated with Vehicles: As a result of increased car use, there has been an increase in crimes, kidnappings, and terrorist attacks involving automobiles.

b. Traffic Management Challenges: In order to efficiently manage and control traffic, the amount of traffic on roadways is increasing. This calls for an efficient automation system.

c. False Number Plates: It can be difficult for law enforcement to detect false number plates using current vehicle tracking devices like GPS or cameras.

2. Integration with Proposed ATCS

Integrate the determined solutions with the suggested Advanced Traffic Control System (ATCS), making use of IoT capabilities, electricity production, and mechatronics. A broader range of traffic management issues are intended to be addressed by this all-encompassing system, such as accurate traffic flow control, energy generation from passing vehicles, obstacle reversal, synchronization with traffic signal patterns, real-time data collection, and flexible configurations to increase traffic management efficiency.  The comprehensive ATCS and the suggested methods for number plate recognition and verification strengthen the traffic management system as a whole, improving efficiency and safety.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Dr. Praful N. Yerkewar, Rushikesh Bedre, Suraj Agham, Yash Rangari, Vandita Khobragade, Sakshi Ghangare. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.