Micro-Analysis of Rainfall Using Statistical Techniques

Abstract

Rainfall over a region across the earth is the prima face reason of its uniqueness. Data is taken from official website of Indian Meteorological Department. Figure 2 shows that the district wise comparison of average rainfall in Maharashtra. Figure 3 shows that the district wise comparison of average rainy days in Maharashtra. There is significant difference between actual and normal (expected) rainfall of the all districts over the period 1998-2017. There is significant difference between average actual and normal (expected) rainfall of the districts in Maharashtra.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Water in liquid or reliable systems falling to the earth is called precipitation (not clear). Rain is the precipitation of water in the liquid state. Foster defined precipitation as "It is deposition of atmospheric moisture and is the most important phase of the hydrological cycle."

The distribution of rainfall is undoubtedly complex in the world. Latitude, temperature, moisture, mountain barriers, atmospheric disturbances, movement of air masses, frontal activity, differential heating of land and ocean are some of the factors involved in causing rainfall. Climate of region along with the factors is mainly affected by Rainfall. Rainfall distribution is affected by geomorphology of region, wind direction, presence of humidity etc.1 Maharashtra is part which comes under influence of this monsoon climate and weather. The variation of rainfall has greater impact on mainly agriculture and economic, social life of human beings.

Different regions over the earth having different rainfall pattern in turn is directly related to the region’s uniqueness, it is referred as ecosystem. India is one of the ancient regions having different rainfall pattern which has developed into places with its own unique ecosystem prevailing over its different states.2 Our aim is to check, whether Maharashtra is a state of India having different rainfall pattern which has developed into five regions. Geographically, historically, politically, and according to cultural sentiments, Maharashtra has five main regions.3 Regions are Western Maharashtra, Konkan, Marathwada, Vidarbha, Khandeshi and Northern Maharashtra.

Rainfall is the main way that the water in the skies comes down to Earth, where it fills our lakes and rivers, recharges the underground aquifers, and provides drinks to plants and animals.4

In this paper, Compare the actual rainfall and normal rainfall. Is there any significant difference between actual rainfall and expected rainfall (normal rainfall)?

II. METHODOLOGY

For the fulfil objective of the study, I want different parameters of rainfall, like district, actual rainfall, normal rainfall and rainy days for the year 1998 to 2017.

This data is taken from official website of Indian Meteorological Department. This data is modified according to region. Two variables are computed as total actual rainfall and rainy days for each region.

The plan for statistical analysis is discussed in this session, Chi-square test for goodness of fit is used for check the significance between actual rainfall and normal rainfall. For the analysis purpose, MS-excel is used.

III. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Graphical Representation of data

The above map shows, Comparision of districtwise avereage rainy days of Maharashtra. Faint colour shows minimum rainy days and dark colour shows maximum rainy days in the particular area.

1. To check the significance of actual rainfall with normal (expected) rainfall of Maharashtra over the long period.

H0:  There is no significant difference between actual and normal (expected) rainfall of Maharashtra over the long period.

Table 1

For the testing of hypothesis level of significance 5% is considered. From the above table, p value is less than level of significance. There is significant difference between actual and normal (expected) rainfall of Maharashtra over the long period.

2. To check the significance of actual rainfall with normal (expected) rainfall of all district over the long period of 1998-2017.

H0:  There is no significant difference between actual and normal (expected) rainfall of the particular districts over the long period.

Table 2

For the testing of hypothesis level of significance 5% is considered. From the above table, column of p value is less than level of significance. There is significant difference between actual and normal (expected) rainfall of the all districts over the period 1998-2017.

3. To check the significance of actual rainfall with normal (expected) rainfall of the districts in Maharashtra.

H0:  There is no significant difference between actual and normal (expected) rainfall of the districts in Maharashtra.

Table 3

For the testing of hypothesis level of significance 5% is considered. From the above table, p value is less than level of significance. There is significant difference between actual and normal (expected) rainfall of the districts in Maharashtra.

References

[1] Chahande, D. (2021), Geomorphic Impact on Rainfall of Maharashtra, International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 13, Issue, 04, pp.17129-17131, April, 2021. [2] John S. K. (2018) Rainfall Pattern Analysis over India in Relation to the State of Kerala, Engineering and Mathematical Topics in Rainfall, April 2018; DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.72870 [3] https://www.wikiwand.com/en/List_of_districts_of_Maharashtra accessed on 19 Feb 2023 [4] https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/precipitation-and-water-cycle accessed on 19 Feb 2023

Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Asawari Patil, Prasad Shinde, Mohan Jadhav. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.